6MWT在评价老年肺结核应用及与血气分析相关性

摘要 目的：探究6分钟步行试验（6-minute walk test,6MWT）在评价老年肺结核患者病情中的应用,并分析6MWT同肺结核患者血气指标的相关性。方法：选择2019年1月至2019年12月于我院接受治疗的200例高龄肺结核患者为实验组,另选取同期于我院接受体格检查的50例健康个体为对照组,分别对两组患者实施6MWT实验,测量两组个体的步行距离、实验前后血氧饱和度（SpO₂）,计算SpO₂下降率,并对所有实验组患者实施肺功能实验,评估肺功能相关指标同6MWT相关性。结果：（1）对比显示实验组患者的6MWT、SpO₂、PaO₂明显低于对照组,PaCO₂高于对照组（P<0.05）;（2）实验前后比较显示实验组患者试验后的SpO₂、PaO₂低于实验前,PaCO₂高于实验前（P<0.05）;（3）相关性分析显示,实验组患者的6MWT同FEV1、FEV1/FVC呈正相关（P<0.05）;（4）相关性分析显示实验组患者的6MWT同SpO₂、PaO₂呈正相关,同PaCO₂呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论：6MWT同高龄肺结核患者肺功能及血气相关指标存在明显的相关性,可将6MWT作为老年肺结核患者病情评估指标之一。     

In vitro selection of a DNA aptamer targeted against Shigella dysenteriae

To identify DNA aptamers demonstrating binding specificity for Shigella dysenteriae, a whole-bacterium Systemic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (SELEX) method was applied to a combinatorial library of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules. After several rounds of selection using S. dysenteriae as the target, the highly enriched oligonucleotide pool was sequenced and then grouped into different families based on primary sequence homologies and similarities in the secondary structures. Aptamer S 1, which showed particularly high binding affinity in preliminary studies, was chosen for further characterisation. This aptamer displayed a dissociation constant (K_d value) of 23.47 ± 2.48 nM. Binding assays to assess the specificity of aptamer S 1 showed high binding affinity for S. dysenteriae and low apparent binding affinity for other bacteria. The ssDNA aptamers generated may serve as a new type of molecular probe for microbial pathogens, as it has the potential to overcome the tedious isolation and purification requirements for complex targets.     

Development of a multiple-bile-ion-sensing membrane electrode

A multiple-bile-ion-sensing polyvinyl chloride-based membrane electrode capable of monitoring any of the three common bile ions in humans, namely, cholate, deoxycholate, and chenodeoxycholate, was developed and characterized. Compared to single-bile-ion-sensing electrodes, it showed a sub-Nernstian response. All other electrode properties were, however, similar, making this a successful replacement for three individual electrodes. With appropriate conditioning, this electrode could repeatedly change selectivity without losing membrane activity. It was reproducible, was stable for 5 months, had low response time, and could be used to measure critical micelle concentrations. The lower limit of detection was 10 nM. Selectivity coefficients for various anions with respect to bile ions more or less followed the Hoffmeister series. Plots of R ((Nernst equivalent of slope in the presence of primary ion and a fixed amount of interfering ion)/(slope in the presence of only the primary ion)) vs square root of ionic strength for an interfering ion were linear. One major application of this electrode is its use in kinetics. We have tested its ability to monitor continuously changing bile ion concentrations during their interactions with a biocompatible polymer, polyethylene glycol (6000), and determined rate constants.     

遗传标记和免疫学方法在实验动物质量控制中的应用

生命科学发展迅速,实验动物级别逐渐提高,在保证生物制品实验结果可靠性前提下,完善动物由低级别向高级别过渡显得十分必要,最终目的达到实验动物标准化和动物实验规范化。对实验动物质量控制中的遗传标记和免疫学方法进行了综述。     

血清PCT联合痰培养检测在呼吸道感染疾病中的应用

目的:研究血清降钙素原(PCT)联合痰培养检测在呼吸道感染疾病中的应用价值。方法:选择2012年1月至2014年12月在我院接受治疗的呼吸道感染患者100例进行研究。分析痰培养菌群的分布情况以及PCT的检测结果,对比痰培养细菌感染者及真菌感染者的菌种分类及PCT检测结果。结果:检出病原菌的患者PCT水平均分别显著高于正常菌群及未见细菌生长的患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。细菌感染PCT阳性比例与真菌感染相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。细菌感染中,革兰氏阳性菌的PCT水平(0.74±0.33μg/L)与革兰氏阴性菌(0.72±0.24μg/L)对比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。真菌感染中,白假丝酵母菌及烟曲霉菌的PCT阳性比例最高,分别为60.00%及80.00%。结论:血清PCT与痰培养检测应用于评价有呼吸道感染的患者病情,具有一定的反馈意义,但无法确定患者的呼吸道感染究竟是细菌感染亦或是真菌感染。     

肾静态显像诊断上尿路感染的临床研究

目的:探究肾静态显像(99m Tc-DMSA)在上尿路感染诊断工作中的应用意义。方法:选取2012年7月至2015年2月我院收治的60例上尿路感染患儿为研究对象,均行肾静态显像检查,并与B超检查结果进行对比分析。结果:肾静态显像提示:60例上尿路感染患儿中,肾脏损害占90.00%,其中8例肾疤痕形成,46例急性肾盂肾炎改变,6例正常;在肾脏病变范围上,≤2岁年龄组患儿较2岁年龄组患儿更为广泛,且前者程度更为严重。B超提示肾脏损害占26.67%,其中18例尿路感染反复发作;16例(26.67%)伴有急性肾盂肾炎改变,未检出肾疤痕。B超诊断上尿路感染的阳性率达26.67%,肾静态显像检查诊断上尿路感染的阳性率为90.00%,两者比较差异有显著性(P0.05)。结论:99mTc-DMSA在上尿路感染诊断工作中具有重要的应用意义,可明确病变性质、程度及范围,并可随访病变转归,指导临床治疗,属于上尿路感染的实验室补充性指标,值得临床积极推广。     

益生菌在幽门螺杆菌根除治疗中的应用

幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)是导致活动性胃炎、消化性溃疡、胃癌、胃黏膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤等消化系统疾病的重要病因之一,已被世界卫生组织确认为Ⅰ类致癌因子,根除H.pylori对防治上述疾病有重要意义。目前临床上主要采用含抗生素的三联或四联药物进行H.pylori的根除,虽然取得一定的疗效,但随着抗生素耐药率逐年增加,根除率持续下降,限制了其广泛应用。此外,初次或多次治疗失败后再治疗可选择的药物很少。近年来人们开始尝试将益生菌应用在H.pylori根除治疗中,并取得一定疗效。本文就益生菌在辅助根除幽门螺杆菌方面的研究进展作一简单综述。     

壳聚糖的化学改性及其在生物医药领域的应用进展

本文综述了近年来壳聚糖的酰化、羧甲基化、接枝、烷基化和交联等化学改性方法及其在生物医用高分子方面的应用进展,总结了壳聚糖改性及其应用过程中存在的问题并对其发展趋势作了预测。     

Development of a novel MATLAB-based framework for implementing mechanical joint stability constraints within OpenSim musculoskeletal models

The Static Optimization (SO) solver in OpenSim estimates muscle activations and forces that only equilibrate applied moments. In this study, SO was enhanced through an open-access MATLAB interface, where calculated muscle activations can additionally satisfy crucial mechanical stability requirements. This Stability-Constrained SO (SCSO) is applicable to many OpenSim models and can potentially produce more biofidelic results than SO alone, especially when antagonistic muscle co-contraction is required to stabilize body joints. This hypothesis was tested using existing models and experimental data in the literature. Muscle activations were calculated by SO and SCSO for a spine model during two series of static trials (i.e. simulation 1 and 2), and also for a lower limb model (supplementary material 2). In simulation 1, symmetric and asymmetric flexion postures were compared, while in simulation 2, various external load heights were compared, where increases in load height did not change the external lumbar flexion moment, but necessitated higher EMG activations. During the tasks in simulation 1, the predicted muscle activations by SCSO demonstrated less average deviation from the EMG data (6.8% −7.5%) compared to those from SO (10.2%). In simulation 2, SO predicts constant muscle activations and forces, while SCSO predicts increases in the average activations of back and abdominal muscles that better match experimental data. Although the SCSO results are sensitive to some parameters (e.g. musculotendon stiffness), when considering the strategy of the central nervous system in distributing muscle forces and in activating antagonistic muscles, the assigned activations by SCSO are more biofidelic than SO.     

Control of Leaf-footed Bug Leptoglossus zonatus and Shield-backed Bug Pachycoris klugii with Entomopathogenic Fungi

The pathogenicity of three isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuil. and one isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) was assessed in the laboratory against adults of the leaf-footed bug Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Coreidae) and the shield-backed bug Pachycoris klugii Burmeister (Heteroptera: Scutelleridae), the two most frequent pest species in physic nut ( Jatropha curcas L., Euphorbiaceae) plantations in Nicaragua. In a dipping bioassay, the median lethal concentration (LC) of the most efficient strain, M. anisopliae NB, was determined as 4.34 106 50 conidia/ml for adult P. klugii . In a field trial, a scheduled high-volume spray regime using B. bassiana increased fruit yield by 28%, and was more effective than malathion or an aqueous extract of ground neem seeds. The effectiveness of M. anisopliae was further tested in field cages covering entire trees and containing a predetermined number of insects. Mineral oilbased ultra-low volume controlled droplet applications of M. anisopliae at a rate of 1 1010 conidia/tree were made using hand-held Micron ULVA + sprayers. The corrected mortalities ranged from 65% in P. klugii to 94% in L. zonatus.