Dietary isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis via thiol modification of DNA topoisomerase IIα

Studies in animal models have indicated that dietary isothiocyanates (ITCs) exhibit cancer preventive activities through carcinogen detoxification-dependent and -independent mechanisms. The carcinogen detoxification-independent mechanism of cancer prevention by ITCs has been attributed at least in part to their ability to induce apoptosis of transformed (initiated) cells (e.g. through suppression of IκB kinase and nuclear factor κB as well as other proposed mechanisms). In the current studies we show that ITC-induced apoptosis of oncogene-transformed cells involves thiol modification of DNA topoisomerase II (Top2) based on the following observations. 1) siRNA-mediated knockdown of Top2α in both SV40-transformed MEFs and Ras-transformed human mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells resulted in reduced ITC sensitivity. 2) ITCs, like some anticancer drugs and cancer-preventive dietary components, were shown to induce reversible Top2α cleavage complexes in vitro. 3) ITC-induced Top2α cleavage complexes were abolished by co-incubation with excess glutathione. In addition, proteomic analysis revealed that several cysteine residues on human Top2α were covalently modified by benzyl-ITC, suggesting that ITC-induced Top2α cleavage complexes may involve cysteine modification. Interestingly, consistent with the thiol modification mechanism for Top2α cleavage complex induction, the thiol-reactive selenocysteine, but not the non-thiol-reactive selenomethionine, was shown to induce Top2α cleavage complexes. In the aggregate, our results suggest that thiol modification of Top2α may contribute to apoptosis induction in transformed cells by ITCs.     

Synthesis and antitumor activities of novel α-aminophosphonates dehydroabietic acid derivatives

A series of novel α-aminophosphonate derivatives containing DHA structure were designed and synthesized as antitumor agents. In vitro antitumor activities of these compounds against the NCI-H460 (human lung cancer cell), A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma cell), HepG2 (human liver cancer cell) and SKOV3 (human ovarian cancer cell) human cancer cell lines were evaluated and compared with commercial anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), employing standard MTT assay. The pharmacological screening results revealed that many compounds exhibited moderate to high levels of antitumor activities against the tested cancer cell lines and that most demonstrated more potent inhibitory activities compared with the commercial anticancer drug 5-FU. The action mechanism of representative compound 7c was preliminarily investigated by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, Hoechst 33258 staining, JC-1 mitochondrial membrane potential staining and flow cytometry, which indicated that the compound can induce cell apoptosis in NCI-H460 cells. Cell cycle analysis showed that compound 7c mainly arrested NCI-H460 cells in G1 stage.     

脱氧胆酸钠对人脐静脉内皮细胞凋亡的影响

目的:探讨脱氧胆酸钠(SD)对体外培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)凋亡的影响。方法:(1)以不同终浓度(0、0.015mg/mL、0.05 mg/mL、0.15 mg/mL、0.5 mg/mL、1.0 mg/mL)的脱氧胆酸钠分别作用于人脐静脉血管内皮细胞,使用CCK-8检测细胞活力、TUNEL荧光染色检测细胞凋亡;(2)以终浓度为0.15 mg/mL的SD作用于HUVEC4、8、12 h后用Western blot检测Caspase-3、7、9蛋白及PARP活化情况;(3)观察Caspase-3抑制剂Z-DEVD-FMK对0.15 mg/mL脱氧胆酸钠组的影响。结果:CCK8结果显示随SD浓度(0~1.0 mg/mL)及作用时间(0~12 h)增加,HUVEC活力降低,0.15 mg/mL时活力为80%,1.0 mg/mL时细胞活力仅不到10%;Tunel检测示随着SD浓度的增加HUVEC凋亡明显增多;Western Blot结果示SD作用于HUVEC后Caspase-3、7、9蛋白及PARP活化明显增加;Z-DEVD-FMK明显抑制了0.15 mg/mLSD引起的PARP活化。结论:脱氧胆酸钠(SD)通过启动Caspase级联反应介导了人脐静脉内皮细胞的凋亡。     

活性氧诱导线粒体损伤导致晶体上皮细胞凋亡

目的探讨线粒体损伤在活性氧诱导晶体上皮细胞凋亡中的作用。方法以过氧化氢为处理因素,MTT方法测定过氧化氢对晶体上皮细胞的半数致死浓度(IC50),使用确定的IC50处理培养的人晶体上皮细胞,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测DNA片段化降解,流式细胞术检测细胞线粒体跨膜电位(Δψm)变化、透射电镜观察细胞线粒体形态,定量免疫印迹检测胞质溶胶中细胞色素c含量的变化及caspase-3的活化。结果过氧化氢对晶体上皮细胞的IC50是32.24μmol/L。32.24μmol/L的过氧化氢处理12h可以检测到晶体上皮细胞染色体DNA发生片段化降解;6h可以检测到线粒体跨膜电位去极化,且随时间延长逐渐加强;18h透射电镜观察可见明显的线粒体膜损伤。定量免疫印迹分析显示细胞色素c在胞质溶胶中的表达逐渐提高及caspase-3活化加强。结论活性氧可能是通过诱导线粒体结构和功能损伤导致晶体上皮细胞凋亡。     

Involvement of gene expressions in apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells induced by rattlesnake venom

INTR0DUCTIONApoptosisisapathway0fcelldeathcharacterizedbyaseriesofspecificmor-phologicalchanges.Thegreatmajority0fprogrammedcelldeathfr0minsectstomammalsexhibitstrikingc0nsistentmorph0l0gicalfeatures,typicalforap0pt0sis,suggestingthatam0lecularmachineryforcelldeathhasbeenc0nservedinthean-imalkingd0m.ThismachinerywhichisstilllargelyunchaJracterized,executesaseries0fchangesinthecellsresultinginthecondensati0nofthenucleus,fragmentation0fDNAandplasmamembranechangesliketheformationofap0pt0tic…     

A nonfibrillar form of the fusogenic prion protein fragment [118-135] induces apoptotic cell death in rat cortical neurons

Neuronal loss is a salient feature of prion diseases. However, its cause and mechanism, particularly its relationship with the accumulation and precipitation of the pathogenic, protease-resistant isoform PrP(Sc) of the cellular prion protein PrP(C), are still an enigma. Several studies suggest that neuronal loss could occur through a process of programmed cell death, which is consistent with the lack of inflammation in these conditions. By analogy with the pathological events occurring during the development of Alzheimer's disease, controversies still exist regarding the relationship between amyloidogenesis, prion aggregation, and neuronal loss. We recently demonstrated that a prion protein fragment (118-135) displayed membrane-destabilizing properties and was able to induce, in a nonfibrillar form, the fusion of unilamellar liposomes. To unravel the mechanism of prion protein neurotoxicity, we characterize the effects of the human Pr[118-135] peptide on rat cortical neurons. We demonstrate that low concentrations of the Pr[118-135] peptide, in a nonfibrillar form, induce a time- and dose- dependent apoptotic cell death, including caspase activation, DNA condensation, and fragmentation. This toxicity might involve oxidative stress, because antioxidant molecules, such as probucol and propyl gallate, protect neurons against prion peptide toxicity. By contrast, a nonfusogenic variant Pr[118-135, 0 degrees ] peptide, which displays the same amino acid composition but several amino acid permutations, is not toxic to cortical neurons, which emphasizes the critical role of the fusogenic properties of the prion peptide in its neurotoxicity. Taken together, our results suggest that the interaction between the Pr[118-135] peptide and the plasma membrane of neurons might represent an early event in a cascade leading to neurodegeneration.     

姜黄素诱导人胰腺癌PANC-1细胞凋亡的机制研究

目的：胰腺癌恶性程度高、进展快、预后差,姜黄素对于抑制恶性肿瘤的发生和进程具有广泛的生物学效应。但姜黄素能否诱导人胰腺癌细胞凋亡,其具体作用机制如何？目前仍无报道。本研究拟观察姜黄素对人胰腺癌PANC．1细胞凋亡的影响,探讨姜黄素诱导PANC．1细胞凋亡的机制。方法：不同浓度姜黄素处理人胰腺癌PANC-1细胞,流式细胞仪检测PANC-1细胞凋亡率,并分析Caspase-9和Caspase-3活性的变化,同时通过RT—PCR和Westemblot分析PANC-1细胞中P53表达的变化。结果：PANC-1细胞经不同浓度的姜黄素处理后,可以显著诱导细胞凋亡,并呈现一定的剂量依赖性,提示姜黄素具有一定抗肿瘤活性。姜黄素能够同时增加Caspase-9和Caspase-3的活性,并呈现一定的剂量依赖性,提示姜黄素可能通过Caspase-9和Caspase-3途径来诱导PANC．1细胞凋亡的发生。RT—PCR和westernblot结果显示,姜黄素可以显著增加PANC-1细胞中P53蛋白表达水平。结论：姜黄素可以显著诱导PANC-1细胞凋亡的发生,提高Caspase-9和Caspase-3的活性,同时增加的P53表达,并呈现一定的剂量依赖性,提示姜黄素诱导PANC-1细胞凋亡的过程可能与增加细胞中Caspase-9,Caspase-3以及P53的表达有关。本研究探讨了姜黄素诱导PANC-1细胞凋亡的分子机制,为姜黄素的进一步应用提供了新的思路和理论支持,在人胰腺癌的临床治疗中具有一定的潜在应用价值。     

Poly(ADP-ribose) signaling in cell death

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) is a reversible protein modification carried out by the concerted actions of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes and poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) decomposing enzymes such as PAR glycohydrolase (PARG) and ADP-ribosyl hydrolase 3 (ARH3). Reversible PARylation is a pleiotropic regulator of various cellular functions but uncontrolled PARP activation may also lead to cell death. The cellular demise pathway mediated by PARylation in oxidatively stressed cells has been described almost thirty years ago. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have only begun to emerge relatively recently. PARylation has been implicated in necroptosis, autophagic cell death but its role in extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis appears to be less predominant and depends largely on the cellular model used. Currently, three major pathways have been made responsible for PARP-mediated necroptotic cell death: (1) compromised cellular energetics mainly due to depletion of NAD, the substrate of PARPs; (2) PAR mediated translocation of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria to nucleus (parthanatos) and (3) a mostly elusive crosstalk between PARylation and cell death/survival kinases and phosphatases. Here we review how these PARP-mediated necroptotic pathways are intertwined, how PARylation may contribute to extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis and discuss recent developments on the role of PARylation in autophagy and autophagic cell death.     

细胞凋亡过程中bcl-2基因的甲基化

为探讨凋亡过程中,ｂｃｌ－２基因下调与该基因甲基化状态的关系,用５－氟尿嘧啶（５－Ｆｕ）诱导小鼠成纤维细胞ＮＣ３Ｈ１０,ＴＣ３Ｈ１０及人乳腺癌细胞ＭＣＦ－７的凋亡,分别检测了这三种细胞凋亡过程中ｂｃｌ－２的表达变化,与其调控区及编码区的甲基化状况．我们曾观察到５－Ｆｕ作用２４～４８ｈ出现细胞存活率下降,ＤＮＡ梯状断裂及细胞周期凋亡峰显现等典型凋亡现象．Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ杂交显示,在５－Ｆｕ作用１２ｈ时ｂｃｌ－２ｍＲＮＡ水平已明显降低．由此,我们用小鼠ｂｃｌ－２（ｍｂｃｌ－２）及人ｂｃｌ－２（ｈｂｃｌ－２）基因调控区ＰＣＲ扩增片段及ｂｃｌ－２编码区（ｃＤＮＡ）片段作为探针,与５－Ｆｕ作用１２ｈ的细胞ＤＮＡ的ＭｓｐⅠ／ＨｐａⅡ酶切产物进行Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交,以未作用的细胞ＤＮＡ同样酶切杂交为对照．通过杂交带谱的变化,分析ｂｃｌ－２基因的甲基化状况．结果显示：ｍｂｃｌ－２及ｈｂｃｌ－２在５－Ｆｕ作用１２ｈ后调控区甲基化水平增高,但其编码区甲基化状态皆未出现可检出的变化．上述结果提示：ｂｃｌ－２基因调控区甲基化水平升高可能与该基因下调有关     

miR-10a通过FBXW7-ZEB2轴调控非小细胞肺癌肿瘤化疗耐药的动物实验研究

摘要 目的：通过动物实验,具体探讨微小RNA（miR-10a）通过含F-框WD重复域蛋白7（FBXW7）-E盒锌指结合蛋白2（ZEB2）轴调控非小细胞肺癌的肿瘤化疗耐药作用。方法：非小细胞肺癌模型小鼠（n=42）随机平分为三组-模型组、miR-10a组与环磷酰胺组,模型组给予生理盐水0.2 mL腹腔注射,环磷酰胺组给予环磷酰胺20 mg/kg腹腔注射,miR-10a组给hsa-miR-10a mimics 15 mg/kg 联合环磷酰胺20 mg/kg腹腔注射,1次/d,持续给药14 d。结果：miR-10a组与环磷酰胺组治疗第7 d与第14 d的肿瘤体积低于模型组,miR-10a组低于环磷酰胺组（P<0.05）。miR-10a组与环磷酰胺组治疗第14 d与第28 d的瘤体质量低于模型组,抑瘤率高于模型组,miR-10a组与环磷酰胺组对比差异也有统计学意义（P<0.05）。miR-10a组与环磷酰胺组治疗第14 d与第28 d的肿瘤细胞凋亡指数高于模型组,miR-10a组高于环磷酰胺组（P<0.05）。miR-10a组与环磷酰胺组治疗第14 d与第28 d的血清FBXW7、ZEB2含量低于模型组,miR-10a组低于环磷酰胺组（P<0.05）。miR-10a组与环磷酰胺组治疗第14 d与第28 d的FBXW7、ZEB2 mRNA与蛋白相对表达水平低于模型组,miR-10a组低于环磷酰胺组（P<0.05）。结论：过表达miR-10a能抑制非小细胞肺癌小鼠的FBXW7-ZEB2轴的激活,抑制血清FBXW7、ZEB2的表达,从而促进肿瘤细胞凋亡,改善肿瘤化疗耐药性,促进缩小肿瘤体积。