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91.
Sites of entry of water into the symplast of maize roots 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
92.
The chemical composition of isolated endodermal cell walls from the roots of the five monocotyledoneous species Monstera deliciosa Liebm., Iris germanica L., Allium cepa L., Aspidistra elatior Bl. and Agapanthus africanus (L.) Hoffmgg. was determined. Endodermal cell walls isolated from aerial roots of M. deliciosa were in their primary developmental state (Casparian bands). They contained large amounts of lignin (6.5% w/w) and only traces
of suberin (0.5% w/w). Endodermal cell walls isolated from the other four species were in their tertiary developmental state.
Lignin was still the more abundant cell wall polymer with amounts ranging from 3.8% (w/w, A. cepa) to 4.5% (w/w, I. germanica). However, compared to endodermal cell walls in their primary state of development (Casparian bands), tertiary endodermal
cell walls contained significantly higher amounts of suberin, ranging from 1.8% (w/w, I. germanica) to 3.0% (w/w, A. africanus). Thus, chemical characterization of endodermal cell walls from five different species revealed that lignin was the dominant
cell wall polymer in the Casparian band of M. deliciosa, whereas tertiary endodermal cell walls contained, in addition to lignin, increasing amounts of suberin (I. germanica, A. cepa, A. elatior and A. africanus). Besides the two biopolymers lignin and suberin, cell wall carbohydrates in the range of between 40 and 60% were also quantified.
The sum of all cell wall compounds investigated by gas chromatography resulted in a recovery of 50–80% of the dry weight of
the isolated cell wall material. Quantitative chromatographic results in combination with microscopic studies are consistent
with the existence of a distinct suberin lamella and lignified tertiary wall deposits. From these data it can be concluded
that the barrier properties of the endodermis towards the apoplastic transport of ions and water will increase from primary
to tertiary endodermal cell walls due to their increasing amounts of suberin.
Received: 23 August 1997 / Accepted: 28 January 1998 相似文献
93.
Tubular evaginations of the plasmalemma of the scutellar epithelial cells of barley are described. The evaginations are similar to those present at other sites where solute flux occurs for a limited period only and wall development of the transfer-cell form has not occured. Differential uptake of the fluorescent dyes fluorescein, which moves into the symplast, and 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulphonic acid, which remains in the apoplast only, indicates that the scutellar epithelial cells contain the boundary between the apoplast and symplast. We suggest that i) the plasmalemma evaginations, which have a specific form and localisation, may be referred to as plasmatubules rather than by the general term plasmalemmasome, and that ii) the plasmatubules may act in membrane amplification in a short-term structural modification which is an alternative to transfer cells.Abbreviation ANS
8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulphonic acid 相似文献
94.
Apoplast as the site of response to environmental signals 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Takayuki Hoson 《Journal of plant research》1998,111(1):167-177
When the life cycle of plants is influenced by various environmental signals, the mechanical properties of the cell wall are
greatly changed. These signals also modify the levels and structure of the cell wall constituents and such modifications are
supposed to be the cause of the changes in the wall mechanical properties. These changes in the cell wall, the major component
of the apoplast, can be recognized as the response of plants to environmental signals. The analysis of the mechanism leading
to the response suggests that the apoplast is involved not only in the response but also in the perception and transduction
of environmental signals in concert with the receptors of signals located on the plasma membrane. Thus, the apoplast plays
a principal role in the communication of plants with the outer world and enables the plants to adapt themselves and survive
in the environment full of stresses. 相似文献
95.
Tansley Review No. 22 What becomes of the transpiration stream? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
M. J. CANNY 《The New phytologist》1990,114(3):341-368
96.
Umeo Takahama 《Physiologia plantarum》1993,89(4):791-798
The aqueous phase of cell walls in stems of Kalanchoë daigremontiana Hamet et Perrier de la Bâthie (apoplast) contained ascorbic acid (AA) and dehydroascorbic acid (DHA). Ratios of AA/(AA + DHA) were 0.31 ± 0.12 (SD, n = 4), whereas those of whole stems (tissues plus apoplast) were >0.9. The amounts of (AA + DHA) in the stems were 1970 ± 190 (SD, n = 4) nmol g−1 fresh weight and those in the apoplast were 14 ± 2 (SD, n = 4) nmol g−1 fresh weight of stems. Ratios of AA/(AA + DHA) differed in different tissues of the stems. The ratios of AA/(AA + DHA) of apoplast plus symplast were in the following order: pith ⋍ epidermis plus cortex > vascular bundle system, and those of apoplast were: pith > epidermis plus cortex > vascular bundle system. Ratios of AA/(AA + DHA) in the apoplast of the different tissues decreased to about 1/3 of the original values after wounding, while the amounts of (AA + DHA) remained largely unaffected. In contrast, soluble apoplastic peroxidase activities increased 30- to 70-fold on wounding. Hydrogen peroxide infiltrated into stems caused a rapid oxidation of AA. Coniferyl alcohol was oxidized by peroxidase in intercellular washing fluid and by cell wall-bound peroxidase. The oxidation of coniferyl alcohol by peroxidase in intercellular washing fluid was completely inhibited as long as AA was present in reaction mixtures. The oxidation of the coniferyl alcohol by cell wall-bound peroxidase was partially inihibited by AA and the degree of inhibition was dependent upon the concentration of AA. The possible functions of AA in the apoplast are discussed in relation to the control of peroxidase-dependent oxidation of phenolics. 相似文献
97.
Plants require substantial resistance against freezing and pathogens for overwintering. These two traits are acquired through
cold acclimation. In contrast to freezing tolerance, molecular basis of disease resistance acquired through cold acclimation
is poorly understood. Recent studies have suggested that pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins that are secreted into the apoplast
during cold acclimation are responsible for the disease resistance. Interestingly, some of the cold-induced PR proteins display
both antifungal and antifreeze activities, suggesting a dual function in protecting plants from overwintering stresses. The
signaling pathway for cold-induced disease resistance is currently unknown but can be independent of pathogen-induced defense
mechanisms. 相似文献
98.