Diversity of bacterial community in freshwater of Woopo wetland

Diversity of bacterial community in water layer of Woopo wetland was investigated. Cultivable bacterial strains were isolated by the standard dilution plating technique and culture-independent 16S rRNA gene clones were obtained directly from DNA extracts of a water sample. Amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) was applied onto both of the isolates and 16S rRNA gene clones. Rarefaction curves, coverage rate and diversity indices of ARDRA patterns were calculated. Representative isolates and clones of all the single isolate/clone phylotype were partially sequenced and analyzed phylogenetically. Sixty-four and 125 phylotypes were obtained from 203 bacterial isolates and 235 culture-independent 16S rRNA gene clones, respectively. Bacterial isolates were composed of 4 phyla, of which Firmicutes (49.8%) and Actinobacteria (32.0%) were predominant. Isolates were affiliated with 58 species. Culture-independent 16S rRNA gene clones were composed of 8 phyla, of which Proteobacteria (62.2%), Actinobacteria (15.5%), and Bacteroidetes (13.7%) were predominant. Diversity of 16S rRNA gene clones originated from cultivation-independent DNA extracts was higher than that of isolated bacteria.     

杨树根系浸提液对3种牧草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

采用不同浓度(3、10和30mg/mL)的南林95杨〔PopulusdeltoidsBartr.cv.Lux×P.euramericana(Dode)Guineircv.I 45/51〕和NL 80351杨(P.deltoidsBartr.cv.Lux×P.deltoidsBartr.cv.Harvard)根系浸提液,处理杨树 牧草复合经营系统中3种主要牧草种子,探讨杨树根系浸提液对牧草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:南林95杨和NL 80351杨根系浸提液对3种牧草种子的萌发及幼苗的生长有一定影响。这2个无性系根系浸提液对紫花苜蓿(MedicagosativaL.)、白三叶(TrifoliumrepensL.)和杂交狼尾草(PennisetumalopecuroidesL.×P.americanumL.)的种子发芽率、幼苗高生长、根长生长及种子活力主要表现为抑制作用,在浓度较高时影响尤为明显;但2个无性系根系浸提液对白三叶的高生长(南林95杨30mg/mL除外)表现出一定的促进作用;在3mg/mL浓度时,2个无性系根系浸提液对白三叶的种子活力也有一定的促进作用。     

Rapid and efficient isolation of highly specific antibodies from an antiserum against a pool of proteins

Antibodies with desired specificity to proteins of interest provide important and versatile tools for detecting and localizing specific proteins in organisms. With the rapidly increasing number of genes cloned, the demand for antibodies to the gene products is increasing greatly. We developed a procedure to isolate highly specific antibodies to an insect intestinal mucin (IIM) from a polyclonal antiserum, which served as a “library of antibodies,” by using an E. coli lysate of the IIM cDNA clone. This procedure allows rapid and efficient isolation of target protein specific antibodies from a polyclonal antiserum made against a pool of antigens.     

PHYLOGENY OF FOUR DINOPHYSIACEAN GENERA (DINOPHYCEAE,DINOPHYSIALES) BASED ON rDNA SEQUENCES FROM SINGLE CELLS AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES1

Dinoflagellates are a highly diverse and environmentally important group of protists with relatively poor resolution of phylogenetic relationships, particularly among heterotrophic species. We examined the phylogeny of several dinophysiacean dinoflagellates using samples collected from four Atlantic sites. As a rule, 3.5 kb of sequence including the nuclear ribosomal genes SSU, 5.8S, LSU, plus their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 and 2 regions were determined for 26 individuals, including representatives of two genera for which molecular data were previously unavailable, Ornithocercus F. Stein and Histioneis F. Stein. In addition, a clone library targeting the dinophysiacean ITS2 and LSU sequences was constructed from bulk environmental DNA from three sites. Three phylogenetic trees were inferred from the data, one using data from this study for cells identified to genus or species (3.5 kb, 28 taxa); another containing dinoflagellate SSU submissions from GenBank and the 12 new dinophysiacean sequences (1.9 kb, 56 taxa) from this study; and the third tree combing data from identified taxa, dinophysiacean GenBank submissions, and the clone libraries from this study (2.1 kb, 136 taxa). All trees were congruent and indicated a distinct division between the genera Phalacroma F. Stein and Dinophysis Ehrenb. The cyanobionts containing genera Histioneis and Ornithocercus were also monophyletic. This was the largest molecular phylogeny of dinophysoid taxa performed to date and was consistent with the view that the genus Phalacroma may not be synonymous with Dinophysis.     

3个瑞典能源柳无性系对铅污染耐受性研究

以3个能源柳无性系[能源柳C(Salix fragilis)、能源柳E(Salix viminalis)、能源柳2(Salix dascladus)]插穗为材料,在水培条件下研究了3个无性系在不同浓度铅胁迫下的插穗萌条生长、根系发育和铅中毒的生理生态反应,并通过隶属函数法对它们耐铅性进行综合评价,探索瑞典能源柳在修复铅污染环境方面的利用价值.结果显示:低浓度铅胁迫(Pb 200 mg·L-1)能促进'能源柳C'和'能源柳2'根系的生长,同时根长增加、根数增多;当铅浓度继续增加时(>Pb 400 mg·L-1),3个能源柳无性系生物量显著下降(P<0.05).随着铅胁迫浓度的增加,3个无性系细胞膜透性显著高于对照(P<0.05);'能源柳2'叶片的叶绿素含量先上升后降低,其他2个无性系则持续降低,并大多与对照有显著差异.3个能源柳无性系的抗铅能力大小为'能源柳C'＞'能源柳2'＞'能源柳E'.研究发现,若以生物量减少20%作为指标来确定植物耐性临界值的上限标准,则3个能源柳无性系在铅污染环境中均有一定的适应性;能源柳是一种较好的耐铅性植物,可用于铅污染土壤的修复.     

Systematic characterization of Escherichia coli genes/ORFs affecting biofilm formation

To understand the nature and function of bacterial biofilm and the process of its formation, we have performed systematic screening of a complete set of Escherichia coli genes/open reading frames (ORFs) to identify those that affect biofilm development upon over-expression. In contrast to the biofilm of strain AG1 used as a control, some of the genes/ORFs when over-expressed led to the formation of an abnormal biofilm such as thin, mat-like, filamentous or one easily detaching from various surfaces. Disruptants of selected genes were constructed in order to clarify their roles in the different stages of biofilm formation. Our results suggest that diverse metabolic pathways contribute to the development of biofilm.     

Fertilization of poplar clones in the nursery

Summary Results of experiments with four poplar clones and various chemical fertilizers in a nursery in southern Greece are presented. At the end of the first growth period the heights of the four clones, without fertilizers, decreased in the order of I-214>I-262>cv. campeator > black poplar 1/64 with significant differences only between black poplar 1/64 and the rest of the clones.Of the fertilizer nutrients N, P, K and Mg only N improved heights of all clones significantly and especially of the clone I-214. One hundred and 200 kg of P fertilizer per ha had minimal or negative effect on height increase of all clones.Ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate all at 400 kg N per ha were found equally effective in improving height growth of the clone I-214 but ammonium nitrate is the N fertilizer of choice by its higher N content and relatively lower price.Ammonium nitrate at 200 kg N per ha, in two or three equal dosages, during the first growth period, June–July, gave the maximum height increase for two consecutive years of the clone I-214. Six hundred kgs, of N per ha reduced height increase of the same clone and increased losses of N, as NO₃ ^–, in drainage water.