细穗玄参的脂溶性化学成分

从细穗玄参(Scrofella chinensis Maxim．)全草中分离并鉴定了8个化合物。利用光谱(MS、NMR、UV)和化学方法分别鉴定为5,7,3′-三羟基-4′-甲氧基黄酮(1)、3,5-二羟基-7,4′-二甲氧基黄酮(2)、5,6,7-三羟基-4′-甲氧基黄酮(3)、β-谷甾醇(4)、胡萝卜苷(5)、对甲氧基苯甲酸(6)、对苯酚(7)及二十九碳脂肪酸(8)。8个化合物均为首次从该植物中发现。     

磷脂酶A2在诱导红豆杉细胞产生活性氧中的作用

对磷脂酶A2(PLA2)在真菌诱导中国红豆杉细胞产生活性氧中的作用进行研究,结果表明：PLA2非特异抑制剂可降低真菌诱导子诱导产生的H2O22通过钙离子螯合和PLA2特异抑制剂实验,表明参与H2O2产生的PLA2为胞质CaO^2 依赖型2对PLA2诱导H202产生的机理进行分析,发现亚油酸可缓解PLA2抑制剂对诱导的活性氧的抑制作用,而且亚油酸单独处理可导致H2O2的发生,其它的脂肪酸也具有类似诱导H2O2发生的作用.不同离子型的脂肪酸对H2O2产生的影响不同,阴离子型脂肪酸较非离子型脂肪酸更能促进活性氧的发生.这些结果表明,PLA2可能通过产生脂肪酸或其衍生物激活H2O2的产生酶系.     

太白红杉生殖年龄及其影响因素分析

研究了太白红杉的平均生殖年龄、最高生殖年龄和最小生殖年龄以及与环境之间的关系。结果表明太白红杉的平均生殖年龄为78．59a,最小生殖年龄为26a,最大生殖年龄为208a;其中南坡太白山最小生殖年龄26a、最高生殖年龄153a、平均生殖年龄72．97a;北坡最小生殖年龄29a、最高生殖年龄208a、平均生殖年龄92a。海拔和年降水与平均生殖年龄呈正相关,坡度与最高生殖年龄呈正相关,最高生殖年龄与最小生殖年龄呈正相关,表明提早生殖会减少太白红杉的生殖寿命。     

野生珍稀药用植物七叶一枝花的成分含量分析

利用分光光度计、高效液相色谱仪和等离子光谱仪对华中地区珍稀药用植物七叶一枝花[Paris polyphylla Smith var.chinensis(Franch．)Hara]根茎的化学成分薯蓣皂甙元、黄酮、19种游离氨基酸、微量元素进行了分析。结果显示：薯蓣皂甙元含量为0．62％,黄酮含量为0．0628%,总游离氨基酸含量为0．33%,微量元素中钙为0.77％,镁为0.20％,钾为0.98%,铁为0．20%,锌为44．8mg／kg,磷为746mg／kg。     

中国对虾抗WSSV及其它经济性状的QTL定位初步研究

以中国对虾抗WSSV选育群体第四代雌虾和野生中国对虾雄虾为亲本,采用人工精荚移植方式产生F1代家系,家系内个体姊妹交获得R家系材料,42尾R家系个体采用口饲法进行WSSV（White Spot Syndrome Virus）攻毒实验,获得个体抗WSSV及其它相关数据。构建了中国对虾的AFLP（Amphfied Fragment Length Polymorphism）分子标记遗传连锁图谱。利用MAPMAKER／QTL1．1软件进行了中国对虾体长、全长、体重及抗WSSV性状的QTL（Quantitative TraitsLoci）定位分析,首次实现了中国对虾重要经济性状的QTL定位。在LOD值大于2．0的条件下,共检测到和体长相关的QTL位点1个,与全长相关的QTL位点2个,与体重相关的QTL位点2个,与抗WSSV性状相关的位点2个,分别位于3个连锁群上,位点变异解释率从26．6％-66．9％不等。在其中的1个连锁群上检测到了体重、全长和抗WSSV性状相关的三个QTL位点,1个连锁群上检测到了体重和抗WSSV性状相关的两个QTL位点,1个连锁群上检测到了全长和体长相关的两个QTL位点。表明在中国对虾在此生长阶段,抗WSSV性状和个体大小存在一定程度的正相关关系[动物学报54（6）：1075-1081,2008]。     

中华芦荟组培苗与正常苗某些理化特性的比较研究

对中华芦荟（Aloe vera L.var.chinensis) 组培苗与正常苗的干重,含水量,可溶性糖含量,叶绿素及类胡萝卜素含量,蛋白质含量及蛋白质电泳,光合速率,呼吸速率,超氧化物歧化酶活性等理化指标进行了比较研究,结果表明,中华芦荟组培苗与正常苗的上述各项指标均差异不显著,证明植物组织培养方法是中华芦荟快繁的一条有效途径,可用组培苗来代替正常的扦插苗。     

中国对虾（Penaeus chinensis）4个种群的同工酶遗传变异

采用水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术分析了中国对虾（Penaeuschinensis）黄渤海沿岸种群（YP）、朝鲜半岛西海岸种群（KP）和2个养殖种群（CP1和CP2）的同工酶遗传变异水平。每个种群随机选取50尾中国对虾进行同工酶检测。在所分析的12种同工酶编码的20个基因位点中,有4个是多态位点。4个种群的多态位点比例（P0.99）分别为15%、20%、10%和20%。种群平均杂合度（观测值）（Ho）分别为0.014±0.007、0.020±0.010、0.010±0.007和0.033±0.017。4个种群的位点有效等位基因数（Ne）分别为1.015±0.008、1.023±0.011、1.011±0.007和1.042±0.022。杂合子平衡偏离指数（D）分别为+0.037、-0.030、-0.098和-0.030。2个地理种群（YP和KP）的遗传相似性系数（I）和遗传距离（D     

The role of glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products in oviposition and host-plant finding by cabbage webworm, Hellula undalis

The cabbage webworm, Hellula undalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a tropical pest on crucifers (Brassicaceae), differentiated among host‐plant species for oviposition in laboratory and field tests. White mustard, Sinapis alba (L.) var. Selinda, was the preferred host‐plant, followed by Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. et. Coss var. Canadian brown mustard, and pak‐choi, Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. Joi Choi, Black Behi and Bai Tsai. Glucosinolates (GS), secondary plant compounds characteristic to the Cruciferae plant family, and their breakdown products were analyzed by using HPLC and GC‐MS‐techniques. Species differed in GS composition and concentration. Content of GS was highest in S. alba with progressively lower contents detected in B. juncea and B. chinensis. The aromatic GS, 4‐hydroxybenzyl‐GS and benzyl‐GS, were detected in S. alba. In B. juncea the alkenyl GS, allyl‐GS, dominated, whereas in varieties of B. chinensis indolyl and alkenyl GS predominated. Oviposition of H. undalis females on the non‐host‐plant Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis (L.) Fruwirth was stimulated by application of GS extracts from the crucifer species; the extract from S. alba was preferred, followed by extracts from B. juncea and B. chinensis. Hydrolysis of GS in the plant extract from B. chinensis causes loss of the oviposition stimulatory effect of the extract. Application of the GS, allyl‐GS, and benzyl‐GS also stimulated oviposition by H. undalis. Significantly more eggs were laid on leaves treated with the aromatic GS, benzyl‐GS, than with the alkenyl GS, allyl‐GS. Host‐plant odor attracted H. undalis females but not males, in behavioral assays conducted in a Y‐tube olfactometer. Low concentrations of the GS hydrolysis product, allyl‐isothiocyanate, induced anemotaxis of females, but a high concentration of allyl‐isothiocyanate was repellent. Oviposition by H. undalis females was not stimulated by host‐plant volatiles. Females laid eggs on inserted traps and the walls of the Y‐tube regardless of presence or absence of host‐plant odor. The relevance of these results in the context of crucifer‐insect interactions is discussed.     

Responses of riparian trees to interannual variation in ground water depth in a semi-arid river basin

We investigated the physiological and growth responses of native (Populus fremontii S. Wats. and Salix gooddingii Ball) and exotic (Tamarix chinensis Lour.) riparian trees to ground water availability at the free‐flowing Hassayampa River, Arizona, during dry (1997) and wet (1998) years. In the drier year, all species experienced considerable water stress, as evidenced by low shoot water potentials, low leaf gas exchange rates and large amounts of canopy dieback. These parameters were significantly related to depth of ground water (DGW) in the native species, but not in T. chinensis, in 1997. Canopy dieback was greater in the native species than in T. chinensis when ground water was deep in 1997, and dieback increased rapidly at DGW > 2·5–3·0 m for the native species. Analysis of combined data from wet and dry years for T. chinensis tentatively suggests a similar physiological sensitivity to water availability and a similar DGW threshold for canopy dieback. In 1998, shoot water potential and leaf gas exchange rates were higher and canopy dieback was lower for all species because of increased water availability. However, T. chinensis showed a much larger increase in leaf gas exchange rates in the wet year than the native species. High leaf gas exchange rates, growth when water is abundant, drought tolerance and the maintenance of a viable canopy under dry conditions are characteristics that help explain the ability of T. chinensis to thrive in riparian ecosystems in the south‐western United States.