植物多酚的定量分析方法和生态作用研究进展

植物多酚是植物体内最重要的次生代谢物质.由于其特殊的结构特征和生物学活性,植物体中多酚潜在的生态学意义受到广泛关注.本文综述了植物多酚在生态领域的研究进展,并对其未来的研究方向进行了展望和预测;通过分析各种植物多酚的定性定量方法的优缺点,试图为研究植物多酚的非化学专业研究人员提供一些简单通用的分析方法.     

两种莪术类药用植物姜黄素提取物对小鼠抗氧化活性研究

本研究通过对两种莪术类药用植物姜黄素提取物,结合3种姜黄素的含量分析其对小鼠的抗氧化药效。通过高效液相色谱法测定总姜黄素提取物中3种姜黄素的含量。选取48只雌性小鼠,随机分成4组分别灌胃提取液(含1组喂基础饲料)。正常饲喂14 d后,小鼠采血测定SOD (超氧化物歧化酶)、CAT (过氧化氢酶)、GSH-Px (谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶)、XOD (黄嘌呤氧化酶)及NO (一氧化氮)、MDA (丙二醛)含量。结果表明,经姜黄素提取液灌胃的小鼠,SOD、CAT、XOD活性升高,NO含量下降;GSH-PX活性普遍升高,MDA含量普遍下降;2种莪术抗氧化活性具有差异性,浓度或含量与抗氧化活性不具有正相关关系;产地不同,也是影响体内抗氧化活性的因素之一。     

Design,synthesis and evaluation of novel 4-dimethylamine flavonoid derivatives as potential multi-functional anti-Alzheimer agents

A series of 4-dimethylamine flavonoid derivatives 5a–5r were designed, synthesized and evaluated as potential multi-functional anti-Alzheimer agents. The results showed that most of the synthesized compounds exhibited high acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity at the micromolar range (IC₅₀, 1.83–33.20 μM for AChE and 0.82–11.45 μM for BChE). A Lineweaver–Burk plot indicated a mixed-type inhibition for compound 5j with AChE, and molecular modeling study showed that 5j targeted both the catalytic active site (CAS) and the peripheral anionic site (PAS) of AChE. Besides, the derivatives showed potent self-induced Aβ aggregation inhibitory activity at 20 μM with percentage from 25% to 48%. In addition, some compounds (5j–5q) showed potent oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) ranging from 1.5- to 2.6-fold of the Trolox value. These compounds should be further investigated as multi-potent agents for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.     

治疗肝纤维化的蛋白质药物研究进展

肝纤维化是肝脏出现瘢痕组织,瘢痕尽管在肝脏的位置有异,但是均一致表现为细胞外基质的增生和性质转变,尤其在疾病的早期。蛋白质药物在治疗疾病方面有许多优势,我们将用于治疗肝纤维化的蛋白质药物做出总结,为新药研究提供思路。     

The antitumor and antioxidative activities of polysaccharides isolated from Isaria farinosa B05

The water-soluble intra-polysaccharides WIPS1 and water-soluble extra-polysaccharides WEPS1 were isolated from Isaria farinosa B05 through ethanol precipitation and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Their characteristics were determined by chemical analysis, gas chromatography, GPC and IR spectroscopy. The results show that WIPS1 contained 90.3% carbohydrate, 8.00% uronic acid, 7.15% protein and three kinds of monosaccharides including mannose, galactose and glucose with a molar ratio of 8.0:4.8:1.0. WEPS1 contained 93.4% carbohydrate, 8.06% uronic acid, 4.40% protein and three kinds of monosaccharides including mannose, galactose and glucose with a molar ratio of 21.6:4.7:1.0. WIPS1 and WEPS1 had a molecular weight of 42 and 208kDa, respectively. The in vivo tests in mice indicate that WIPS1 and WEPS1 had significant antitumor and antioxidative activities to some extent.     

A κ-carrageenan derived oligosaccharide prepared by enzymatic degradation containing anti-tumor activity

Depolymerization of -carrageenan was performed using carrageenase isolated from the cell-free medium of a culture of marine Cytophaga sp. MCA-2. The low-molecular-weight carrageenans after ultrafiltration and lyophilization were sulfonated with formamide-chlorosulfonic acid. The anti-tumor activity of the products with different molecular weight was determined by using Sarcoma 180 tumor in mouse. A carrageenan oligosaccharide with a molecular weight of 1726, administered orally at a dose of 100 mg kg^–1 mouse markedly inhibited tumor formation. However, the anti-tumor activity of high-sulfonated carrageenan was much less than that of the non-sulfonated or light-sulfonated preparation. The activities of the latter products on superoxide dismutase and catalase were enhanced considerably, which suggests that carrageenan oligosaccharide was effective in promoting the antioxidation ability and eliminating danger from free radicals. The preparations showed special effects on immunological regulation, especially the phagocytosis ratio and phagocytosis index of macrophage, which might be beneficial for the anti-tumor activity. Although no anti-tumor activity of this product was detected in vitro, suggesting that its activity differs between in vitro and in vivo, this 1726 molecular weight product provides a potent clinical use in tumor treatment.     

小檗碱抗氧化和抗炎作用用于糖尿病治疗的机制研究进展

研究表明氧化应激反应和慢性炎症反应是2型糖尿病糖、脂代谢紊乱和胰岛素抵抗发生的重要病理机制。小檗碱是中药黄连的主要有效成分之一。体内、外研究证实小檗碱可通过抗氧化和抗炎作用发挥对2型糖尿病的治疗作用。本文就小檗碱抗氧化和抗炎作用用于2型糖尿病治疗的分子机制研究进展作一综述。小檗碱抗氧化和抗炎作用机制复杂,目前的研究显示小檗碱可通过AMPK通路、MAPK通路、Nrf2通路和NF-κB通路发挥抗氧化和抗炎作用。然而,小檗碱的抗氧化和抗炎作用仍需进一步的深入研究证实。明确小檗碱的抗氧化和抗炎作用的分子机制,有助于进一步了解小檗碱治疗糖尿病作用的机理,为探寻治疗糖尿病的天然药物提供理论依据。     

米老排叶片营养成分与利用前景分析

为探讨米老排(Mytilaria laosensis)叶片的潜在利用价值和开发前景,对其叶片的营养成分进行了测定.结果表明,9 a生植株的幼嫩叶片中粗蛋白、粗脂肪和水分含量显著低于成熟叶片;2 a生和10 a生米老排叶片的膳食纤维含量均超过50％,总糖含量为15.04％～16.25％;幼树叶片的维生素C含量[1651m...     

Effects of several acetylated chitooligosaccharides on antioxidation,antiglycation and NO generation in erythrocyte

Three kinds of chitooligosaccharides (COS) with different degrees of deacetylation were prepared and named MD90, MD70 and MD50, respectively. Antioxidation, antiglycation and nitric oxide (NO) promotion in erythrocyte of these samples were investigated. The results showed that COS, especially MD90 had obviously inhibitory effects on oxidation and glycation. In addition, MD90 displayed stronger effect on increasing endogenous NO content than both MD70 and MD50, whose degrees of deacetylation were lower. The results indicated that amino group in COS has a certain effect on the activities of COS. As COS have a conformed activity to treat diabetes, the results of this study may be meaningful for further understanding the mechanism of the action.     

益生菌潜在的抗衰老作用

在机体衰老的过程中,会出现2种明显的生理变化即免疫功能衰退和氧化损伤,本文从益生菌的免疫调节作用和抗氧化作用两方面讨论了它们对衰老过程的影响,提出益生菌潜在的抗衰老作用与其抗氧化和免疫调节作用之间存在必然的联系。目前,在部分加速衰老模型中对益生菌抗衰老的研究结果令人鼓舞。本文分析了现在普遍采用的几种衰老评价模型的机制,并指出在筛选和评价益生菌的抗衰老作用时,有必要进一步建立和完善采用与衰老过程相关酶作为靶位酶的体外抗衰老模型,如单胺氧化酶抑制模型或可以反应氧化损伤的细胞模型如Caco-2细胞模型。在此基础上,应用特定的衰老动物模型对体外试验所获得的结果予以验证,以期更客观有效地评价益生菌发挥其抗衰老功效的作用机制。