Enzymatic Bioconversion of Cycloastragenol-6-O-β-D-glucoside into Cycloastragenol by a Novel Recombinant β-Glucosidase from Phycicoccus sp. Soil748

Cycloastragenol (CA), the genuine sapogenin of astragaloside from Astragalus membranaceus, exhibits diverse pharmaceutical activities. Recently, the efficient production of CA has received considerable attention due to rapidly increasing market demands. In this study, enzyme mining was conducted, based on skeleton and glycosyl similarity, to explore an efficient β-glucosidase for CA preparation. A novel β-glucosidase from Phycicoccus sp. Soil748 (Bgps) was discovered, possessing the efficient conversion rate for cycloastragenol-6-O-β-D-glucoside (CMG) into CA. The optimum temperature and pH value of Bgps were determined as 45 °C and 7.0. The results of kinetic analysis suggested that Bgps catalyzed deglycosylation of CMG more efficiently than other substrates. Furthermore, the optimal substrate concentration of Bgps was up to 80 mg/mL with the conversion rate as 99.2%, suggesting its potential application in CA industrial production by biotransformation.     

AP液抗衰老作用的实验研究

Ｄ－半乳糖皮下注射致Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠亚急性衰老模型,观察ＡＰ液对大鼠衰老指标的影响。实验结果显示,ＡＰ液能明显增加胸腺重／体重的比值,提高血清ＳＯＤ活性和降低血清ＬＰＯ活性。ＡＰ液抗衰老组血清ＳＯＤ活性比衰老模型组增加２５．２９％,血清ＬＰＯ活性下降６．２４％,提示ＡＰ液可能具有抗衰老作用。     

The involvement of macroautophagy in aging and anti-aging interventions

Macroautophagy is a process that sequesters and degrades organelles and macromolecular constituents of cytoplasm for cellular restructuring and repair, and as a source of nutrients for metabolic use in early starvation. Extensive evidence has been reported that macroautophagy process declines with increasing age. This impairment, probably due to ad libitum feeding, may cause accumulation of altered structures leading to the age-related decline in cell functions. It has been suggested that caloric restriction (CR) and disruption of insulin-like signals contrast the process of aging by prolonged stimulation of macroautophagy. According to this hypothesis, it is shown that life-long weekly administration of an anti-lipolytic drug decreases glucose and insulin levels, stimulates autophagy and intensifies anti-aging effects of submaximal CR.     

小檗碱联合松果菊苷抗人脑胶质细胞衰老的实验研究

摘要 目的：探究小檗碱联合松果菊苷抗人脑胶质细胞衰老的作用及其分子机制。方法：采用依托泊苷诱导人脑胶质细胞衰老,使用小檗碱与松果菊苷联合干预,采用β-半乳糖苷酶染色法色观察衰老阳性细胞比例,采用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,采用流式细胞术检测细胞周期,采用Western blot法检测细胞中衰老相关蛋白FoxO1、CAT、SOD2、 Bcl-2的表达水平。结果：小檗碱联合松果菊苷可显著减少依托泊苷诱导的衰老阳性细胞比例,显著增强细胞活力,显著降低G2/M期细胞比例,显著提高FoxO1、CAT、SOD2、Bcl-2的蛋白水平。结论：小檗碱联合松果菊苷可显著抑制依托泊苷诱导的人脑胶质细胞衰老,可能与增强细胞活力、推进细胞周期进程、降低胞内氧化应激水平、抗凋亡等途径有关。     

β—蜕皮甾酮延缓衰老的初步实验研究

观察了β－蜕皮甾酮的抗衰老作用,结果表明,β－蜕皮雷酮能明显延长果蝇寿命,提高大鼠血清SODI知性及GSH－Px活性,降低MDA,提示,β－蜕皮甾酮有一定的抗衰老作用。     

益生菌潜在的抗衰老作用

在机体衰老的过程中,会出现2种明显的生理变化即免疫功能衰退和氧化损伤,本文从益生菌的免疫调节作用和抗氧化作用两方面讨论了它们对衰老过程的影响,提出益生菌潜在的抗衰老作用与其抗氧化和免疫调节作用之间存在必然的联系。目前,在部分加速衰老模型中对益生菌抗衰老的研究结果令人鼓舞。本文分析了现在普遍采用的几种衰老评价模型的机制,并指出在筛选和评价益生菌的抗衰老作用时,有必要进一步建立和完善采用与衰老过程相关酶作为靶位酶的体外抗衰老模型,如单胺氧化酶抑制模型或可以反应氧化损伤的细胞模型如Caco-2细胞模型。在此基础上,应用特定的衰老动物模型对体外试验所获得的结果予以验证,以期更客观有效地评价益生菌发挥其抗衰老功效的作用机制。     

脐血与老人外周血中TIMP2蛋白检测的影响因素及意义

目的探讨不同血浆处理方式对脐血和老人外周血血浆中TIMP2蛋白检测的影响,建立人血浆中TIMP2蛋白检测方法的同时为联合干细胞延缓衰老提供理论基础。 方法采集了15份脐带血和15份老人外周血,利用不同的离心力、不同的储存温度和不同的检测试剂盒对血浆中TIMP2蛋白最终检测含量的影响。多组均数差异比较采用单因素方差分析,两组比较采用独立样本t检验。 结果1?000×g、1?500×g和2?000×g离心力组组间TIMP2蛋白含量差异无统计学意义（P?> 0.05）。4 ℃、-20?℃、-80?℃保存组,保存一周或者两周TIMP2蛋白含量差异均无统计学意义（P?> 0.05）。利用R&D Systems、Abnova和Abcam检测试剂盒均不对全血中TIMP2蛋白最终检测量产生显著影响（P?>?0.05）。脐带血中的TIMP2蛋白含量（147.00±15.92）?pg/ml高于老人外周血中TIMP2蛋白含量（79.56±10.80）?pg/?ml,差异具有统计学意义（P?< 0.01）。 结论不同离心力、血浆储存温度及检测试剂盒间均不影响脐血和老人外周血中TIMP2蛋白最终的检测含量,且脐血血浆中TIMP2蛋白含量高于老人外周血。显示TIMP2蛋白可能与衰老存在直接的相关性,具有与干细胞联合治疗并延缓衰老的潜在价值。     

螺旋藻对衰老小鼠脑功能的保护作用

目的探讨螺旋藻对衰老小鼠脑功能的作用。方法使用D-半乳糖建立小鼠衰老模型,用螺旋藻灌胃进行实验性治疗。持续6周后,检测小鼠的学习记忆能力及脑组织的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力和丙二醛（MDA）含量。结果与对照组相比,模型组小鼠的学习记忆能力下降（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）,SOD活力下降、MDA含量升高;当补充螺旋藻后,实验组的学习记忆能力又不同程度的得到恢复（P〈0.05）,SOD活力升高、MDA的含量下降。结论螺旋藻对衰老小鼠的脑功能具有保护作用。     

Concurrent purification and antioxidant activity of phycobiliproteins from Lyngbya sp. A09DM: An antioxidant and anti-aging potential of phycoerythrin in Caenorhabditis elegans

The present study probes into the purification of phycobiliproteins, and characterization of their in vitro anti-oxidant activity. Moreover, the study also demonstrates the use of antioxidant virtue of phycoerythrin in moderating the phenomenon of aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Phycoerythrin, phycocyanin and allophycocyanin were purified successfully from Lyngbya sp. A09DM by ammonium sulfate fractionation appended with Triton X-100 intercession. The success of protocol was examined by a series of biochemical characterization like SDS-PAGE, native-PAGE, UV–visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy ensuring purity, integrity and functionality of purified phycoerythrin, phycocyanin and allophycocyanin. Purified phycobiliproteins were evaluated for antioxidant and metal ion chelating activity by various in vitro antioxidant assay systems. Results showed significant and dose-dependent antioxidant as well as metal chelating potential of all phycobiliproteins in decreasing order of phycoerythrin > phycocyanin > allophycocyanin. Expansion in lifespan and improvement in pharyngeal pumping of C. elegans were noticed upon pre-treatment with phycoerythrin (100 μg ml⁻¹). Moreover, phycoerythrin mediated increase in worm survival under oxidative stress revealed that the life expansion effect of phycoerythrin on nematode is in part by an action of its antioxidant virtue. These results collectively added up evidence in favor of the ‘free-radical theory of aging’. The present report, for the first time, describes antioxidant potential of phycoerythrin and its use in extending life-span of C. elegans.     

微生态制剂益康口服液对老年大鼠血液流变学的影响

目的：研究微生态制剂益康口服液(由双歧杆菌、乳酸链球菌与中药人参、茯苓、黄芪等药物组成)对老年大鼠血液流变学的影响。方法：大鼠按鼠龄、体重随机分为7组,每组10只(除青年组外其余各组均采用鼠龄24个月大鼠)：(1)青年组、(2)老年组、(3)抗老延年丸组、(4)复方丹参片组、(5)益康口服液I组、(6)益康口服液Ⅱ组、(7)益康口服液Ⅲ组。连续ig 14d,每日1次,在第14天ig 30min后,取颈动脉血进行血液流变学测试。资料结果采用student—t检验。结果：益康口服液能够降低老年大鼠全血与血浆粘度,增强红细胞的变形性,降低红细胞的聚集性。结论：益康口服液可以改善老年大鼠的血液流变性,通过活血化瘀改善循环延缓衰老。