全文获取类型
收费全文 | 350篇 |
免费 | 26篇 |
国内免费 | 9篇 |
专业分类
385篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 6篇 |
2021年 | 11篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 11篇 |
2017年 | 22篇 |
2016年 | 27篇 |
2015年 | 19篇 |
2014年 | 20篇 |
2013年 | 25篇 |
2012年 | 14篇 |
2011年 | 7篇 |
2010年 | 11篇 |
2009年 | 18篇 |
2008年 | 25篇 |
2007年 | 23篇 |
2006年 | 17篇 |
2005年 | 18篇 |
2004年 | 9篇 |
2003年 | 9篇 |
2002年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 2篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有385条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Human blood was sheared between rotating polyethylene disks and plasma hemoglobin measured at intervals to produce kinetic
hemolysis curves (KHC), plotted as free hemoglobin concentration vs time. The KHC produced by blood samples incubated in the
presence of penicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, and amikacin lie always below those for control samples, indicating a reduction
in hemolysis; this reduction was greater as the drug concentration was increased. Explanations in terms of alterations in
red cell structure were sought by several characterization tests of amikacin-loaded blood samples. Drug-localization studies
demonstrated that significant fractions of the total dosage were associated with the red-cell membrane. Resistive pulse spectroscopy
was used to show how amikacin affected cell size, deformability, and osmotic fragility; results were sensitive to storage
age of the blood. In all cases, the effect of shearing was to reduce cell size, deformability, and osmotic fragility. Mechanisms
for hemolytic protection by drugs are proposed. 相似文献
2.
Marzieh Taghipour Shamsollah Ayoubi Hossein Khademi 《Soil & Sediment Contamination》2011,20(8):921-937
Heavy metals’ origin, accumulation, and distribution in soil have been the focus of much attention by many researchers. The objective of this study was to recognize the sources of heavy metals in surface soils in Hamadan Province in western Iran using multivariate geostatistical techniques. A total of 263 surface (0–10 cm) soil samples and 18 rock samples from major parent materials were collected. Cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) contents of the samples were determined. Selected soil physical and chemical characteristics were also measured. A multivariate geostatistical analysis was performed to identify the common source of heavy metals. The quantities of Co, Cr, and Ni were found to be associated with parent rocks, corresponding to the first factor termed the “lithologic component.” The second factor was mainly attributed to Cu, which also comprised the first and third factors, indicating a mixed source both from lithologic and anthropogenic inputs. Zn and Pb contents were related to the anthropogenic activities and comprised the third factor. A significant correlation was found between metals from the lithogenic sources and selected soil properties such as soil organic matter, clay, CEC, and carbonate, indicating an interaction among them. Generally, Zn and Pb showed a less significant correlation with soil properties. 相似文献
3.
Hepatitis B virus(HBV) is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Its chronic infection can lead to chronic liver inflammation and the accumulation of genetic alterations to result in the oncogenic transformation of hepatocytes. HBV can also sensitize hepatocytes to oncogenic transformation by causing genetic and epigenetic changes of the host chromosomes. HBV DNA can insert into host chromosomes and recent large-scale whole-genome sequencing studies revealed recurrent HBV DNA integrations sites that may play important roles in the initiation of hepatocellular carcinogenesis. HBV can also cause epigenetic changes by altering the methylation status of cellular DNA, the post-translational modification of histones, and the expression of micro RNAs. These changes can also lead to the eventual hepatocellular transformation. These recent findings on the genetic and epigenetic alterations of the host chromosomes induced by HBV opened a new avenue for the development of novel diagnosis and treatments for HBV-induced HCC. 相似文献
4.
Bunias orientalis 《Acta Oecologica》1999,20(6):621
A 2-year field experiment was performed to assess regeneration, establishment and growth of the invasive polycarpic perennial Brassicaceae Bunias orientalis L. from transplanted juveniles and propagules (seeds, fruits and root fragments). Further treatments were: different planting depths of the propagules, different root fragment sizes and a varied competition intensity by the matrix vegetation. In contrast to a high number of individuals established from planted juveniles (ca. 90 %), only relatively few propagules gave rise to seedlings or regenerating plants (0–16 %). However, upon emergence, all plants showed low mortality. Although the number of regenerated or recruited plants was affected by all treatments, only one treatment level (the use of very small root fragments of 1 cm length) completely failed in establishing plants. Plants experiencing low competition intensity attained high aboveground performance and reproductive output as well as reproductive success within two growth periods. Under high competition intensity recruitment, regeneration and growth were strongly negatively affected. The high morphological plasticity of rosette growth of B. orientalis seems to be advantageous for persistence in such situations. The results show that young B. orientalis plants are robust and can efficiently sequester and translate elevated resources into rapid growth and early reproductive output although the species is a rather long-lived iteroparous perennial. In addition, population foundation or regeneration can be based on both seeds and root fragments, even when buried under a thick soil layer. This seems to be a very efficient adaption to habitats which are subject to anthropogenic soil perturbations. 相似文献
5.
6.
Stapanian Martin A. Sundberg Scott D. Baumgardner Greg A. Liston Aaron 《Plant Ecology》1998,139(1):49-62
A probability-based sampling scheme was used to survey plant species composition in forests of 16 states in seven geopolitical regions of the United States (California, Colorado, Minnesota, and parts of the Pacific Northwest, Southeast, Mid-Atlantic, and Northeast) in 1994. The proportion of alien species relative to the total species number and to canopy cover in the ground stratum (0–0.6 m height) was evaluated in 279 plots. Visually evident anthropogenic disturbances (e.g., artificial regeneration, logging, prescribed burning, and grazing by livestock), if any, were recorded on each plot. In each of the seven regions we quantified (1) the percentage of the number of species and total cover comprised of alien species, (2) the difference in these percentages for disturbed and undisturbed plots, and (3) the origin or native range for the alien species.The percentage of alien species ranged from approximately 4.5% (Colorado) to approximately 13.2% (California). The percentage of alien species cover ranged from approximately 1.5% in Colorado to 25% in California. In five regions, species introduced from temperate Eurasia comprised the largest proportion of alien species and cover. In the Southeast, species introduced from far eastern and subtropical Asia dominated the alien flora. In the Mid-Atlantic, the majority of alien species was Eurasian and the majority of alien species cover consisted of far eastern and subtropical Asian species.The proportion of plots in which at least one alien species was recorded was significantly higher in disturbed than undisturbed plots in the Southeast and marginally significantly higher ($p=0.053$) in the Northeast. These results are consistent with other published studies that indicate that anthropogenic disturbance affects the structure and composition of both the ground stratum and upper canopy of forest habitats. In other regions, however, no significant differences were found. 相似文献
7.
Background
In somatic cancer genomes, delineating genuine driver mutations against a background of multiple passenger events is a challenging task. The difficulty of determining function from sequence data and the low frequency of mutations are increasingly hindering the search for novel, less common cancer drivers. The accumulation of extensive amounts of data on somatic point and copy number alterations necessitates the development of systematic methods for driver mutation analysis.Results
We introduce a framework for detecting driver mutations via functional network analysis, which is applied to individual genomes and does not require pooling multiple samples. It probabilistically evaluates 1) functional network links between different mutations in the same genome and 2) links between individual mutations and known cancer pathways. In addition, it can employ correlations of mutation patterns in pairs of genes. The method was used to analyze genomic alterations in two TCGA datasets, one for glioblastoma multiforme and another for ovarian carcinoma, which were generated using different approaches to mutation profiling. The proportions of drivers among the reported de novo point mutations in these cancers were estimated to be 57.8% and 16.8%, respectively. The both sets also included extended chromosomal regions with synchronous duplications or losses of multiple genes. We identified putative copy number driver events within many such segments. Finally, we summarized seemingly disparate mutations and discovered a functional network of collagen modifications in the glioblastoma. In order to select the most efficient network for use with this method, we used a novel, ROC curve-based procedure for benchmarking different network versions by their ability to recover pathway membership.Conclusions
The results of our network-based procedure were in good agreement with published gold standard sets of cancer genes and were shown to complement and expand frequency-based driver analyses. On the other hand, three sequence-based methods applied to the same data yielded poor agreement with each other and with our results. We review the difference in driver proportions discovered by different sequencing approaches and discuss the functional roles of novel driver mutations. The software used in this work and the global network of functional couplings are publicly available at http://research.scilifelab.se/andrej_alexeyenko/downloads.html.Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2105-15-308) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献8.
The objectives of the present survey were to formulate a zoocenological analysis of the gastropod communities in clay pit
ponds, as well as to determine the relationships between the gastropods and their environments, and to evaluate the water
habitats in terms of their ecological-conservation value. The physical and chemical parameters of water, gastropod species
and macrophytes occurring in the ponds indicate mesotrophic conditions. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) reveals a correlation
between gastropod density and nitrates, a correlation between gastropod density and alkalinity, and additionally shows a correlation
between gastropod density and chlorides. The pond surface area, nitrates, chlorides concentrate, alkalinity, and substratum
have all affected these gastropod communities. The occurrence of the first permanent population of Ferrissia clessiniana (Jickeli, 1882) was recorded in Poland. Valvata naticina Menke 1845 has become a critically rare species (CR) due to the pollution of water environments. Five other species, e.g.
Anisus vorticulus (Troschel, 1834) and Planorbis carinatus O.F. Müller, 1774 are recorded on the Polish Red List of Species. The clay pit ponds of the Ciechanowska Upland, because
of their distinctive environmental features, provide a refuge where a number of rare, threatened and alien gastropod species
live. 相似文献
9.
Erin L. Crowgey Deborah L. Stabley Chuming Chen Hongzhan Huang Katherine M. Robbins Shawn W. Polson Katia Sol-Church Cathy H. Wu 《Journal of biomolecular techniques》2015,26(1):19-28
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies provide the potential for developing high-throughput and low-cost platforms for clinical diagnostics. A limiting factor to clinical applications of genomic NGS is downstream bioinformatics analysis for data interpretation. We have developed an integrated approach for end-to-end clinical NGS data analysis from variant detection to functional profiling. Robust bioinformatics pipelines were implemented for genome alignment, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), small insertion/deletion (InDel), and copy number variation (CNV) detection of whole exome sequencing (WES) data from the Illumina platform. Quality-control metrics were analyzed at each step of the pipeline by use of a validated training dataset to ensure data integrity for clinical applications. We annotate the variants with data regarding the disease population and variant impact. Custom algorithms were developed to filter variants based on criteria, such as quality of variant, inheritance pattern, and impact of variant on protein function. The developed clinical variant pipeline links the identified rare variants to Integrated Genome Viewer for visualization in a genomic context and to the Protein Information Resource’s iProXpress for rich protein and disease information. With the application of our system of annotations, prioritizations, inheritance filters, and functional profiling and analysis, we have created a unique methodology for downstream variant filtering that empowers clinicians and researchers to interpret more effectively the relevance of genomic alterations within a rare genetic disease. 相似文献
10.
Chukwujindu M. A. Iwegbue Godwin E. Nwajei Osayanmo I. Eguavoen 《Soil & Sediment Contamination》2012,21(1):19-30
The study of the concentrations of Cr, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cu in soils under different land uses in rural, semi-urban, and urban zones in the Niger Delta was carried out with a view to providing information on the effects of the different land uses on the concentrations of trace elements in soils. Our results indicate significant variability in concentrations of these metals in soils under different land uses in rural, semi-urban, and urban zones. The maximum concentrations of metals in the examined soil samples were 707.5 mg.kg?1, 161.0 mg.kg?1, 2.6 mg.kg?1, 59.6 mg.kg?1, 1061.3 mg.kg?1, and 189.2 mg.kg?1 for Cr, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cu, respectively. In the rural zone, the cassava processing mill is a potent source of Ni, Cr, Cu, and Zn while agricultural activities are a source of Cd, and automobile emissions and the use of lead oxide batteries constitute the major sources of Pb. In the urban zone, soils around the wood processing mill showed elevated concentrations of Cu, Cr, Zn, and Ni, while soils around automobile mechanic works and motor parks showed elevated levels of Pb. Elevated Cd concentrations were observed in soils under the following land uses: urban motor park, playground, welding and fabrication sheds, and metallic scrap dump. The contamination/pollution index of metals in the soil follows the order: Ni > Cd > Cr > Zn > Cu > Pb. The multiple pollution index of metals at different sites were greater than 1, indicating that these soils fit into “slight pollution” to “excessive pollution” ranges with significant contributions from Cr, Zn, Cd, Ni, and Cu. 相似文献