Decreased cerebral blood flow and hemodynamic parameters during acute hyperglycemia in mice model observed by dual‐wavelength speckle imaging

In this study, we use dual‐wavelength optical imaging‐based laser speckle technique to assess cerebral blood flow and metabolic parameters in a mouse model of acute hyperglycemia (high blood glucose). The effect of acute glucose levels on physiological processes has been extensively described in multiple organ systems such as retina, kidney, and others. We postulated that hyperglycemia also alters brain function, which in turn can be monitored optically using dual‐wavelength laser speckle imaging (DW‐LSI) platform. DW‐LSI is a wide‐field, noncontact optical imaging modality that integrates the principles of laser flowmetry and oximetry to obtain macroscopic information such as hemoglobin concentration and blood flow. A total of eight mice (C57/BL6) were used, randomized into two groups of normoglycemia (control, n = 3) and hyperglycemia (n = 5). Hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of a commonly used anesthetic drug combining ketamine and xylazine (KX combo). We found that this KX combo increases blood glucose (BG) levels from 150 to 350 mg/dL, approximately, when measured 18 minutes post‐administration. BG continues to increase throughout the test period, with BG reaching an average of 463 ± 20.34 mg/dL within 60 minutes. BG levels were measured every 10 minutes from tail blood using commercially available glucometer. Experimental results demonstrated reductions in cerebral blood flow (CBF) by 55%, tissue oxygen saturation (SO₂) by 15%, and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO₂) by 75% following acute hyperglycemia. The observed decrease in these parameters was consistent with results reported in the literature, measured by a variety of experimental techniques. Measurements with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) were also performed which confirmed a reduction in CBF following acute hyperglycemia. In summary, our findings indicate that acute hyperglycemia modified brain hemodynamic response and induced significant changes in blood flow and metabolism. As far as we are aware, the implementation of the DW‐LSI to monitor brain hemodynamic and metabolic response to acute hyperglycemia in intact mouse brain has not been previously reported.      

Dynamic imaging and quantification of subcellular motion with eigen‐decomposition optical coherence tomography‐based variance analysis

The dynamic properties of subcellular organism are important biomarkers of the health. Imaging subcellular level dynamics provides effective solutions for evaluating cell metabolism and testing the responses of cells to pathogens and drugs in pharmaceutical engineering. In this paper, we demonstrate an innovative approach to contrast the subcellular motion by using eigen decomposition (ED)‐based variance analysis of time‐dependent complex optical coherence tomography signals. This method reveals a superior advantage of contrast to noise ratio when compared with the approach that employs intensity decorrelation. Furthermore, the eigen values derived from ED processing are calculated and applied to assess the power ratios of complex signal invariance that decreases exponentially along time dimension. The validation experiments are performed on the patterned samples of yeast powder mixed with gelatin/TiO2 water solution. Additionally, the proposed method is used to image mouse cerebral cortex in normal and pathological conditions, suggesting the practicality of variance power mapping in analyzing cortical neural activities. The technique promises efficient measurement of subcellular motions with high sensitivity and high throughput for in vivo and in situ applications.     

Modeling Patient-Derived Glioblastoma with Cerebral Organoids

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头针对局灶性脑缺血脑微血管内皮细胞ICAM-1影响的动态观察

目的:在分子水平探讨并阐明脑缺血再灌注脑损伤的炎性机理和针刺对局灶性脑缺血模型脑微血管内皮细胞功能的动态影响。方法:采用大脑中动脉线栓阻塞法建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型;用免疫组化SABC法检测脑缺血后治疗1d、3d、5d、10d细胞间粘附分子-1的表达。结果:针刺不同疗程治疗各组大鼠在治疗前后的神经症状行为评定分析有显著性差异(p＜0．05);模型组ICAM-1脑缺血后ID即出现表达,5D达到表达高峰,各个时间点相比具有显著的统计学意义(P＜0．01)。结论:头针对脑缺血状态下微血管内皮细胞功能的全方位和多层面良性调节机制,并且这种良性机制随着干预时间的选择(早期/6 d)和疗程的适度延长(5天以上),具有明显的累加蓄积效应。     

肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能鉴别左室舒张功能假性正常化的价值

目的:研究冠心病患者左室舒张功能假性正常化与肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能的关系。方法:将75例行选择性冠状动脉造影的患者按冠状动脉病变程度分为单/双支病变组和三支病变组两组,选取48例健康志愿者作为对照组。检测左室舒张功能指标二尖瓣口血流频谱E峰、A峰、E/A比值,同时观察休息时肱动脉反应性充血后内径变化率。结果:单/双支病变组(第一组)E峰、E/A比值下降,肱动脉反应性充血后内径变化率低于正常对照组(P<0.05);三支病变组(第二组)E峰、E/A值无明显改变,肱动脉反应性充血后内径变化率明显低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:肱动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能可作为鉴别冠心病左室舒张功能假性正常的指标。     

淀粉样蛋白A、D-二聚体、肌酸激酶同工酶联合检测对川崎病患儿冠状动脉损伤的诊断价值分析

摘要 目的：探讨血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)、D-二聚体(D-D)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)联合检测对川崎病患儿冠状动脉损伤(CAL)的诊断价值。方法：选取2018年9月～2021年5月我院收治的80例川崎病患儿,根据是否合并CAL分为CAL组(n=34)和NCAL组(n=46)。收集患儿基础资料,并检测SAA、D-D、CK-MB水平。多因素Logistic回归分析川崎病患儿CAL影响因素,受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清SAA、D-D、CK-MB水平对川崎病患儿CAL的诊断价值。结果：与NCAL组比较,CAL组C反应蛋白(CRP)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、SAA、D-D、CK-MB水平升高(P＜0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,CRP、ESR、SAA、D-D、CK-MB为川崎病患儿CAL独立影响因素(P＜0.05)。SAA、D-D、CK-MB、三项联合诊断川崎病患儿CAL的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.661、0.687、0.746、0.799,联合应用的诊断效能最高。结论：血清SAA、D-D、CK-MB是川崎病患儿CAL独立影响因素,且联合检测以上指标可辅助诊断川崎病患儿CAL。     

丁苯酞对颈动脉狭窄大鼠认知功能及海马CA1区神经元凋亡的影响及相关机制研究

摘要 目的：探讨与研究丁苯酞对颈动脉狭窄大鼠认知功能及海马CA1区神经元凋亡的影响及相关机制。方法：将颈动脉狭窄大鼠大鼠（n=42）随机为三组-模型组、低剂量丁苯酞（20 mg/kg）组和高剂量丁苯酞（40 mg/kg）组,每组14只。低剂量丁苯酞组与高剂量丁苯酞组每天给予20 mg/kg、40 mg/kg丁苯酞灌胃治疗,对照组给予等剂量的生理盐水灌胃,持续21 d。结果：低剂量丁苯酞组与高剂量丁苯酞组治疗第7 d、第14 d、第21 d的BBT评分低于模型组（P<0.05）,高剂量丁苯酞组低于低剂量丁苯酞组（P<0.05）。低剂量丁苯酞组与高剂量丁苯酞组治疗第21 d、第28 d的海马CA1区神经元凋亡指数低于模型组,高剂量丁苯酞组低于低剂量丁苯酞组（P<0.05）。低剂量丁苯酞组与高剂量丁苯酞组治疗第21 d、第28 d的脑组织超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase,SOD）活性高于模型组（P<0.05）,丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）活性低于模型组（P<0.05）,高剂量丁苯酞组与低剂量丁苯酞组对比差异都有统计学意义（P<0.05）。低剂量丁苯酞组与高剂量丁苯酞组治疗第21 d、第28 d的海马CA1区BCL2-Associated X（Bax）、B淋巴细胞瘤-2（B-cell lymphoma-2,bcl-2）蛋白相对表达水平高于模型组（P<0.05）,高剂量丁苯酞组高于低剂量丁苯酞组（P<0.05）。结论：丁苯酞在颈动脉狭窄大鼠的应用能提高海马CA1区Bax、Bcl-2蛋白的表达,抑制神经元的凋亡,改善氧化应激状态,从而提高大鼠的认知功能。     

研究报告: 急性缺血性卒中患者血清脑红蛋白的动态变化及临床意义

目的 脑红蛋白（neuroglobin,Ngb）又称神经球蛋白,是一种携氧球蛋白。有研究证明Ngb在脑缺血缺氧疾病中具有神经保护作用,对氧具有高亲和力,有助于预防缺氧缺血性脑损伤,并影响急性缺血性卒中（acute ischemic stroke,AIS）的预后。本研究观察了AIS后血清Ngb水平的变化,并评估了Ngb与卒中严重程度及预后的关系。方法 前瞻性地募集AIS患者和健康对照者进行研究。在AIS患者起病后不同时间点（脑梗死发病后72 h内和第14天）及对照组中分别检测血清Ngb水平,并比较AIS患者与对照组之间的血清Ngb水平。对合并与不合并糖尿病的AIS患者的血清Ngb水平进行比较。分析患者血清Ngb水平与梗死体积及国家卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分之间的相关性。应用受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线评估Ngb对AIS预后的预测价值。结果 AIS患者的血清Ngb水平在脑梗死后72 h内和第14天时分别为105.7（88.3,123.1）μg/L和72.8（58.7,86.9）μg/L。对照组血清Ngb水平为58.2（35.0,81.6）μg/L。AIS发病后72 h内血清Ngb水平较对照组显著升高（P<0.05）。合并与不合并糖尿病的AIS患者血清Ngb水平在发病后72 h内及第14天均无显著差异（P>0.05）。AIS发病72 h内的血清Ngb水平与NIHSS评分显著相关（Spearman相关系数=0.232,P=0.038）。在各时间点,大体积脑梗死组患者血清Ngb水平与中小体积脑梗死组相比无显著性差异（P>0.05）。ROC曲线分析表明,血清Ngb水平对AIS患者的预后具有良好的预测能力。结论 AIS发病后72 h内血清Ngb水平升高。合并与不合并糖尿病的AIS患者血清Ngb水平无显著差异。发病后72 h内的血清Ngb水平与NIHSS评分显著相关。Ngb可能作为卒中严重程度和预后的预测因子。     

Three-dimensional in vivo kinematics and finite helical axis variables of the ovine stifle joint following partial anterior cruciate ligament transection

Partial anterior cruciate ligament (p-ACL) rupture is a common injury, but the impact of a p-ACL injury on in vivo joint kinematics has yet to be determined in an animal model. The in vivo kinematics of the ovine stifle joint were assessed during ‘normal’ gait, and at 20 and 40 weeks after p-ACL transection (Tx). Gross morphological scoring of the knee was conducted. p-ACL Tx creates significant progressive post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA)-like damage by 40 weeks. Statistically significant increases for flexion angles at hoof-strike (HS) and mid-stance (MST) were seen at 20 weeks post p-ACL Tx and the HS and hoof-off (HO) points at 40 weeks post p-ACL-Tx, therefore increased flexion angles occurred during stance phase. Statistically significant increases in posterior tibial shift at the mid-flexion (MF) and mid-extension (ME) points were seen during the swing phase of the gait cycle at 40 weeks post p-ACL Tx. Correlation analysis showed a strong and significant correlation between kinematic changes (instabilities) and gross morphological score in the inferior-superior direction at 40 weeks post p-ACL Tx at MST, HO, and MF. Further, there was a significant correlation between change in gross morphological combined score (ΔGCS) and the change in location of the helical axis in the anterior direction (ΔsAP) after p-ACL Tx for all points analyzed through the gait cycle. This study quantified in vivo joint kinematics before and after p-ACL Tx knee injury during gait, and demonstrated that a p-ACL knee injury leads to both PTOA-like damage and kinematic changes.