大米草对有机汞的耐性、吸收及转化

大米草对营养液中氯化甲基汞(MeHgCl)毒性的临界浓度为15 uml/L,是烟草的3倍.氯化甲基汞处理后,植株体内有机汞总量在增加,而营养液中有机汞总量在减少,无机汞总量则明显增加.这些结果表明,大米草可以吸收有机汞,将有机汞部分地转化为无机汞,并且无机汞较多地积累在植株的地下部,同时有一部分通过扩散或分泌进入营养液中.大米草对汞的积累作用和把有机汞转化为无机汞的转化作用在环境污染的植物修复方面有重要的利用价值.     

三种正常与矮化植物的木材比较观察

本文比较观察了三种不同木材类型的正常与矮化树木的木材结构:针叶材的太白红杉(Larix chinensis Beissn.)、散孔材的辽东桤木(Alnus sibirica Fisch.)和环孔材的蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica Fisch.)。这些植物在个体发育过程中,各年的年轮宽度及管状分子长度、宽度等变化,存在各自的规律性。这些规律并不因生长环境的差异而变更。不过,逆境下生长的矮化植株的年轮宽度和管状分子的大小明显地比正常的要窄小,同时在木材结构的其它数量性状上,也有较大变化;然而,其各自的种属定性特征仍保持稳定。这些似乎可说明:生态环境的变化对木材结构的数量性状有较大影响,但是对木材种属的定性特征则无明显作用。     

具有重大历史意义的苏州会议

40年前于1979年,在苏州召开的中国古生物学会第三届全国会员代表大会暨第12次学术年会盛况空前,在中国古生物学发展史上具有非常重要的意义。它标志着中国古生物学研究步入发展的新阶段,优秀成果大量涌现、学术交流频繁;此后的数年里学会活动空前活跃、会员人数大幅增加,从此学会活动正规化;中国古生物学界重新回到国际大家庭,对外交流频繁。     

五里河沉积物汞的时空变化规律

研究了历史上受纳氯碱污染的辽宁省葫芦岛市五里河沉积物中总汞、甲基汞25年中的时空变化规律.结果表明,经过25年的变化,在人工治理和自然净化作用下,五里河不同地点沉积物总汞和甲基汞含量总体上呈现明显下降的趋势,甲基汞下降尤为显著;但沉积物中汞含量依然处于较高水平,总汞含量为0.491～26.395 mg·kg-1,平均13.766 mg·kg-1,超过辽宁省土壤汞背景值(0.037 mg·kg-1)371倍,甲基汞含量为0.253～12.079 μg·kg-1,污染严重的断面是污染源附近的化工桥以及下游河口附近的茨山北桥.     

外源褪黑激素对水貂血清主要生殖激素年周期变化的影响

为探究埋植外源褪黑激素(MLT)对水貂血清主要生殖激素年周期变化的影响,实验选用4月龄雌貂和雄貂各72只,分为A、B、C、D组,A组(雌貂)和C组(雄貂)不做任何处理,B组(雌貂)和D组(雄貂)于2018年7月7日至2019年7月7日埋植外源MLT.实验期间,每隔30 d每组随机选取3只水貂,心脏采血并分离血清,共12...     

三峡水库蓄水初期鱼体汞含量及其水生食物链累积特征

于2011-2012年在三峡库区干流水域及7条典型支流采集了11种鱼类样品,以稳定同位素(δ13C和δ15N)营养等级分析为基础,研究了三峡水库蓄水后的鱼类汞含量水平及其食物链累积特征.结果表明,库区鱼类(以鲤为例)平均总汞含量为57.1 μg/kg,与蓄水前鱼体总汞水平相当,但在库区不同水域鱼体总汞含量差异显著:干流入库水域(洛碛断面)鱼体总汞含量平均值为88.0μg/kg,显著高于水库腹区水域(巫山断面)的平均值43.1μg/kg.稳定同位素分析表明,库区支流鱼体的δ13C范围为-22.08‰--28.92‰,大于干流鱼体的δ13C范围(-23.11‰--26.87‰),表明支流鱼类的食物来源具有更明显的湖沼型特征.同时,支流鱼类食物链上汞的累积放大效率显著高于干流水域.水文水动力差异可能是库区内汞累积等生态过程存在空间差异的重要原因.     

鼎湖山南亚热带森林细根生产力与周转

 报道了鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林和针阔叶混交林群落0～40cm土层中细根(≤2mm和2～5mm)的现存量、死亡量、生产力和周转率,并比较了用“连续钻取土芯法”和“埋无根土柱法”来估算表层土(0～20cm)细根生产力的差异。结果表明：在0～40cm土层中,季风常绿阔叶林≤2mm和2～5mm细根现存量分别为6.59t·hm-2和4.81t·hm-2,死根比率各为29.9％和22.9％;针阔叶混交林≤2mm和2～5mm细根现存量分别为5.35t·hm-2和4.24t·hm-2,死根比率各为34.4％和24.0％。细根现存量的季节性变化不显著。季风常绿阔叶林细根年分解量、年死亡量和年净生产力分别为0.90,1.59,2.65t·hm-2·a-1 (≤2mm)和0.41,0.63,1.25t·hm-2·a-1(2～5mm),针阔叶混交林的相应数值各为0.80,1.4l,2.42t·hm-2·a-1(≤2mm)和0.37,0.62,1.21t·hm-2·a-1(2～5mm)。季风常绿阔叶林细根年周转率为0.57 (≤2mm)和0.34次·a-1(2～5mm),针阔叶混交林分别为0.69(≤2mm)和0.38次·a-1(2～5mm)。     

Annual changes in hair length of the Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata fuscata)

The hair length of Japanese monkeys was investigated for a period of one year and the molting phenomenon was clarified. Nine monkeys were employed in the study. The molting of the Japanese monkey was found to be of a seasonal type and occurred once during the year. The molting continued for one to four months in each monkey. The hair of the Japanese monkeys was wholly replaced during the period from April to August. The hair length was thus short in summer, and long in winter. Hair replacement in pregnant females began after parturition and was generally later than that in other individuals. During molting, both new and old hairs could be observed simultaneously in the same region of the body. The hair replacement ended around summer when the hair became the shortest. The new hairs continued to grow after molting and became the longest towards autumn or winter. Thus, the summer coat and the winter coat were essentially the same in the Japanese monkey. Such annual changes in the hair of the Japanese monkey were considered to be suitable for the climate of Japan.     

The storage effect due to frequency-dependent predation in multispecies plant communities

Frequency-dependent seed predation (FDP) has been shown to be a powerful coexistence mechanism in models of annual plant communities. However, FDP undermines the competition-based coexistence mechanism called the storage effect (SEc), which relies on temporal environmental fluctuations that drive fluctuations in competition. Although environmental fluctuations also drive fluctuations in predation, a storage effect due to predation (SEp) may not arise due to a time lag between a change in the environment and the resulting change in the predation rate. Here we show how SEp can arise with multispecies FDP, and in a two-species setting with density-dependent frequency-dependence, partially compensating for the reduction in SEc, in the presence of predation. These outcomes occur when predatory behavior is flexible, and can accommodate to changes in prey abundances on a within-year time scale, leading to changes in predator preferences in response to prey abundances in a given year. When predator preferences are determined by average prey abundances over several years, FDP is still a strong coexistence mechanism but undermines SEc without creating SEp.     

Bacterial mercury resistance from atoms to ecosystems

Bacterial resistance to inorganic and organic mercury compounds (HgR) is one of the most widely observed phenotypes in eubacteria. Loci conferring HgR in Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria typically have at minimum a mercuric reductase enzyme (MerA) that reduces reactive ionic Hg(II) to volatile, relatively inert, monoatomic Hg(0) vapor and a membrane-bound protein (MerT) for uptake of Hg(II) arranged in an operon under control of MerR, a novel metal-responsive regulator. Many HgR loci encode an additional enzyme, MerB, that degrades organomercurials by protonolysis, and one or more additional proteins apparently involved in transport. Genes conferring HgR occur on chromosomes, plasmids, and transposons and their operon arrangements can be quite diverse, frequently involving duplications of the above noted structural genes, several of which are modular themselves. How this very mobile and plastic suite of proteins protects host cells from this pervasive toxic metal, what roles it has in the biogeochemical cycling of Hg, and how it has been employed in ameliorating environmental contamination are the subjects of this review.