高效液相色谱法对农业样品中氨基酸含量的测定

介绍了采用一种新型的国产氨基酸色谱柱ＹＷＧＡ—Ａ柱,对与农业有关的多种样品进行氨基酸测定的方法。这种色谱柱可使全部氨基酸得到完全的分离,且柱效高,柱压低,价格便宜。农业样品的品种多,比较复杂,文中还对不同样品的前处理做了简要叙述。氨基酸的分析方法采用的是柱前衍生ＯＰＡ法,还对此方法测定中的一些问题进行了讨论。     

鸡粪中氨基酸含量测定与开发利用

本文对蛋鸡饲料与鸡粪进行了１３次１６种氨基酸含量的测定分析,氨基酸含量稳定,鸡粪中氨基酸含量比常用的部分饲料中氨基酸含量高。鸡对饲料中蛋白质的利用率仅为２９％;大部分蛋白质仍在鸡粪中,从分析结果看,１００克鸡粪中含有各种氨基酸１０．４５克。鸡粪取材广泛,价格低廉,氨基酸便于提取,有广阔的开发利用前景。     

L-lysine is a barbiturate-like anticonvulsant and modulator of the benzodiazepine receptor

Our earlier observations showed thatl-lysine enhanced the activity of diazepam against seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), and increased the affinity of benzodiazepine receptor binding in a manner additive to that caused by -aminobutyric acid (GABA). The present paper provides additional evidence to show thatl-lysine has central nervous system depressant-like characteristics.l-lysine enhanced [³H]flunitrazepam (FTZ) binding in brain membranes was dose-dependent and stimulated by chloride, bromide and iodide, but not fluoride. Enhancement of [³H]FTZ binding byl-lysine at a fixed concentration was increased by GABA but inhibited by pentobarbital between 10^–7 to 10^–3M. While GABA enhancement of [³H]FTZ binding was inhibited by the GABA mimetics imidazole acetic acid and tetrahydroisoxazol pyridinol, the enhancement by pentobarbital andl-lysine of [³H]FTZ binding was dose-dependently increased by these two GABA mimetics. The above results suggest thatl-lysine and pentobarbital acted at the same site of the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex which was different from the GABA binding site. The benzodiazepine receptor antagonist imidazodiazepine Ro15-1788 blocked the antiseizure activity of diazepam against PTZ. Similar to pentobarbital, the anti-PTZ effect ofl-lysine was not blocked by Ro15-1788. Picrotoxinin and the GABA, receptor antagonist bicuculline partially inhibitedl-lysine's enhancement of [³H]FTZ binding with the IC₅₀s of 2 M and 0.1 M, respectively. The convulsant benzodiazepine Ro5-3663 dose-dependently inhibited the enhancement of [³H]FTZ binding byl-lysine. This article shows the basic amino acidl-lysine to have a central nervous system depressant characteristics with an anti-PTZ seizure activity and an enhancement of [³H]FTZ binding similar to that of barbiturates but different from GABA.     

Antide B,an antagonist of LHRH with cis-3-(4-pyrazinylcarbonylaminocyclohexyl)alanine in position 5

Summary Several LHRH antagonists with trans-3-(4-pyrazinylcarbonylaminocyclohexyl)alanine (trans-PzACAla) in the position 5 were synthesized and their antiovulatory activity was compared with the activity of the analogs containing cis-PzACAla in this position. In all cases cis-isomer produced more potent analogs. Introduction of cis-PzACAla in the position 5 of Antide gave Antide B which completely inhibits ovulation at a dose of 0.5µg/rat. Antide B releases negligible histamine (ED₅₀ = 104µg/mL), and has excellent solubility in water. Also, an improved synthesis of cis-PzACAla is reported, involving the hydrogenation of 4-aminophenylalanine on a rhodium catalyst to give the desired cis-isomer with a 53% yield.Abbreviations Cpa 3-(4-chlorophenyl)alanine - ILys N-isopropyllysine - Nal 3-(2-naphthyl)alanine - NicLys N-nicotinoyllysine - Pal 3-(3-pyridyl)alanine - PicLys N-picolinoyllysine - PzACAla 3-(4-pyrazinylcarbonylaminocyclohexyl)alanine - Qal 3-(3-quinolyl)alanine     

New types of biorelevantα-functional carboxylic acids and their application for peptide modification

Summary New methodology for the preparation of L-isoserine and its incorporation into N- and C-terminal position of peptides is described. Furthermore, the new protective group strategy allows regioselective functional group manipulation in multifunctional amino acids like serine and isoserine.     

Incorporation of nitrate nitrogen into amino acids during the anaerobic germination of rice

Summary Incorporation of¹⁵NO₃-into amino acids was studied during the anaerobic germination of rice seeds. In treated coleoptiles, the label was incorporated into glutamine, glutamate, alanine,-aminobutyric acid (Gaba), arginine, aspartate and methionine. These findings are consistent with a primary incorporation of nitrate nitrogen into glutamine, glutamate and aspartate, and their further conversion to alanine, Gaba, arginine and methionine.     

Anodically generated manganese(III) acetate for the oxidation of α — amino acids in aqueous acetic acid: A kinetic study

Summary Manganese(III) acetate was prepared by the oxidation of manganese(II) acetate in aqueous acetic acid by electrolytic method. The anodically generated Mn(III) species was characterised by spectroscopic and redox potential studies. Conditions for the study of kinetics of Oxidation of-amino acids by Mn(III) in aqueous acetic acid was investigated. Plots of log[Mn(III)] versus time for the first order process, or Mn(III) versus time for zero order process were nonlinear. The rate constants computed from [Mn(III)]^1/2 versus time plots were independent of [Mn(III)]₀ indicating that the reaction goes through competitive zero and first order path-ways in [Mn(III)]₀. The kinetic order in [amino acid], [H⁺] and [Mn(II)] were found out. Effect of added anions like CH₃COO^–, F^–, Cl^– and ClO ₄ ^- were investigated. Evidence for the transient existence of the free radical reaction intermediate is given. Dependence of reaction rate on temperature is explained and activation parameters computed from Arrhenius and Eyring plots. A mechanism consistent with the observed results is proposed and discussed.     

Nuclear microanalysis of the monovalent ions distribution in the human amnion

Summary The effect of taurine on the Na⁺, K⁺, Cl^– concentration and distribution in epithelial and compact layers of the human amniotic membrane had been investigated using the Bordeaux nuclear microprobe. Particle induced X-ray emission and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry techniques had been used to provice quantitative measurements. In physiological medium, the monovalent ions concentrations were identical in epithelial and compact layers. The addition of taurine in Hanks' physiological fluid had no effect on Na⁺ concentration, but decreased K⁺ and Cl^– concentration in both layers. The quantitative results were related to electrophysiological observations on the effect of taurine on ionic exchanges through channels and paracellular pathways.     

Enantioselective syntheses of isotopically labelledα-amino acids Preparation of specifically13C-labelled L-lysines

Summary [2-¹³C]-L-lysine, [3,4-¹³C₂]-L-lysine and [5,6-¹³C₂]-L-lysine are prepared from simple, commercially available, highly enriched starting materials as [2-¹³C]-glycine, ethyl [1,2-¹³C₂]-bromo acetate, and [1,2-¹³C₂]-acetonitrile. The introduction of the chiral center is based on a general method starting from the bis-lactim ether of cyclo-(D-Val-Gly). The synthesis of (2R)-[5-¹³C]-3,6-diethoxy-2,5-dihydro-2-isopropylpyrazine is described. The availability of our method for the preparation of specifically enriched bis-lactim ethers allows the synthesis of a great variety of site specific isotopically labelled (L- and D-)-amino acids. Moreover, intermediate 4-[(2R,5S)-3,6-diethoxy-2,5-dihydro-2-isopropyl-5-pyrazinyl]butyronitrile is a valuable precursor in the synthesis of L--aminoadipic acid. The synthetic scheme in this publication makes both L-lysine and L--aminoadipic acid¹³C- or¹⁵N-labelled at any position, easily available. The isotopomers of lysine are obtained on a preparative scale in good yields, with 99%¹³C and high enantiomeric purity (>97% e.e.). Three isotopomers are characterized using various spectroscopic techniques,e.g.,¹H NMR,¹³C NMR and Mass spectrometry.     

Cytotoxicity of boron containing dipeptide analogs

Summary This work is an extension of our previous work (Hall et al., 1993) on the synthesis and cytotoxic activity of boronated peptides. The aim of this work was to carry out structural modifications of the amine terminal in compounds1 and2, to increase water solubility, and its effect on the cytotoxicity to tumor cell lines. Surprisingly, only compounds4,7 and8 were more water soluble than the parent compounds. With the exception of compound4, the new derivatives were generally less effective than the parent compounds (1 and2). There was no apparent correlation between structure and activity. Cytotoxic effect was more pronounced in single cell suspended cells. The growth of solid tumor cell lines was not significantly reduced. The most active derivative, (methanamine)dihydro[[[1-(phenylmethyl)-2-methylamino-2-oxoethyl]amino]carboxy]boron (4), inhibited DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in Tmolt₃ cells. Enzymatic activities, e.g., DNA polymerase, m-RNA polymerase, PRPP amidotransferase, carbamyl phosphate synthetase, TMP-kinase, TDP-kinase, dihydrofolate reductase, and ribonucleoside reductase were reduced after 60 min incubation with4. d(TTP) and d(CTP) pool levels were also reduced by 60 min incubation with4.