MRI扫描联合血清4项肿瘤标志物诊断原发性肝癌的临床价值研究

目的:探究磁共振成像(MRI)扫描联合血清4项肿瘤标志物诊断原发性肝癌(PHC)的临床价值。方法:将我院从2017年9月~2019年8月收治的65例PHC患者(肝癌组)纳入研究,另选取同期我院收治的60例良性肝病患者作为对照组。比较两组MRI图像特征。此外,检测并比较两组血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)和甲胎蛋白异质体(AFP-L3)、高尔基体蛋白73(GP73)、磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖-3(GPC-3)水平。以病理诊断为金标准,分析不同诊断方式应用于PHC患者诊断中的效能。结果:PHC患者的MRI图像表现为边界清晰,呈类圆形或不规则分叶状,肝癌组T1WI呈低或稍低信号人数占比高于对照组,且T2WI、DWI呈高信号强度人数占比高于对照组(均P<0.05)。肝癌组血清AFP、AFP-L3、GP73、GPC-3水平均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。以病理诊断为金标准,MRI联合血清AFP、AFP-L3、GP73、GPC-3诊断PHC的灵敏度、特异度以及准确度分别为95.24%(40/42)、95.65%(22/23)、95.38%(62/65),均高于MRI诊断的73.81%(31/42)、69.57%(16/23)、72.31%(47/65)(P<0.05),以及血清4项肿瘤标志物联合诊断的80.95%(34/42)、73.91%(17/23)、78.46%(51/65)(P<0.05)。结论:PHC患者血清AFP、AFP-L3、GP73、GPC-3水平升高,MRI扫描联合血清AFP、AFP-L3、GP73、GPC-3检测可作为诊断PHC的有效手段。     

脾多肽注射液对原发性肝癌患者超声学改变及AFP水平的影响

目的:探讨脾多肽注射液对原发性肝癌患者超声学改变及AFP水平的影响。方法:选取我院肿瘤科收治的原发性肝癌患者168例,随机分为对照组和研究组,每组84例。对照组患者予以经导管动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗,研究组在对照组基础上予以脾多肽注射液治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后肿瘤血供情况、血清肿瘤标志物水平、外周血免疫细胞水平、临床疗效及不良反应发生率。结果:研究组治疗有效率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与对照组比较,研究组治疗后肿瘤内动脉、肿瘤周边动脉血流分级水平较低,肿瘤周边门脉血流分级水平较高,治疗后血清AFP、CA19-9、GGT、AFU水平较低,治疗后外周血NK细胞、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+比值水平较高,CD8~+T淋巴细胞水平较低(P0.05);研究组恶心呕吐、食欲不振、白细胞减少、发热、乏力疲劳等不良反应的发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:脾多肽注射液能够有效减少原发性肝癌患者肿瘤组织的血供,降低AFP、CA19-9、GGT、AFU水平,减轻免疫抑制,提高临床疗效,降低不良反应的发生率。     

Denaturation studies reveal significant differences between GFP and blue fluorescent protein

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is an unusually stable fluorescent protein that belongs to a family of related auto-fluorescent proteins (AFPs). These AFPs have been generated from jellyfish GFP by mutating the amino acids in the chromophore or its vicinity. Variants that emit light in the blue region (Blue Fluorescent Protein, BFP), red region, or yellow region are readily available and are widely used in diverse applications. Previously, we had used fluorescence spectroscopy to study the effect of pH on the denaturation of GFP with SDS, urea, and heat. Surprisingly, we found that SDS, urea or heat, did not have any significant effect on the fluorescence of GFP at pH 7.5 or 8.5, however, at pH 6.5, the protein lost all fluorescence within a very short period of time. These results suggested that GFP undergoes a structural/stability shift between pH 6.5 and 7.5, with the GFP structure at pH 6.5 being very sensitive to denaturation by SDS, urea, and heat. In the present study, we wanted to explore whether the stability or structure of the closely related BFP is also pH dependent. As expected, we found heat-induced denaturation and renaturation of BFP to be pH dependent, very much like GFP. However, when exposed to other denaturants like urea/heat or SDS we found BFP to behave very differently than GFP. Unlike GFP, which at pH 8.5 and 7.5 is very resistant to SDS-induced denaturation, BFP readily lost about 20% of its fluorescence at pH 8.5 and about 60% fluorescence at pH 7.5. Also, our denaturation and renaturation studies show that under certain conditions, BFP is more stable than GFP, such that under conditions where GFP is completely denatured, BFP still retained significant fluorescence. Taken together, our preliminary results show that despite being very similar in both amino acid sequences and overall structures, there may be subtle and important structural/conformational differences between BFP and GFP.     

ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN-MEDIATED TARGETING—A NEW STRATEGY TO OVERCOME MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE OF TUMOUR CELLSIN VITRO

The possibility of overcoming the multidrug resistance of human malignant cells by using doxorubicin conjugated to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was studied. It was shown that this type of antitumour drugs, penetrating the cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis with AFP as a vehicle, raises the sensitivity of the tumour cells that are resistant due to the expression of the multidrug resistance genemdr1. The sensitivity of antibiotic-resistant cell lines SKVLB (a human ovarian carcinoma) and MCF-7 AdrR (a human breast carcinoma) increased by 10- and 4-fold, respectively, when AFP-conjugated doxorubicin was used. The rationale of using human AFP-antitumour drug conjugates for the development of new chemotherapeutic approaches to cancer treatment is discussed.     

免疫聚合酶链反应技术的建立及其对甲胎蛋白的检测

免疫ＰＣＲ是一种新的具高敏感性的抗原检测技术,它类似传统的ＥＬＩＳＡ法,若与抗体连接的酶用ＤＮＡ片段代替,则该ＤＮＡ片段可用于ＰＣＲ扩增。以链酶亲合素搭桥将生物素标记的抗体与ＤＮＡ相连建立了免疫ＰＣＲ技术,并将其用于检测甲胎蛋白（ＡＦＰ）,其敏感性比ＥＬＩＳＡ法高１０４。因此,免疫ＰＣＲ有可能作为一种具高敏感性的检测手段用于临床早期诊断     

新疆荒漠昆虫光滑鳖甲cDNA文库的构建及功能基因筛选

以过冬后早春的新疆荒漠拟步甲属昆虫光滑鳖甲(Anatolica Polita borealis)成虫为研究材料,应用SMARTTM cDNA Library Construction技术,通过总RNA提取,反转录合成cDNA,定向构建至噬菌体载体λTripEx2,经体外包装构建了光滑鳖甲的cDNA表达文库。测试结果表明库容量为2.2×106,重组率为84.8%。通过对cDNA文库克隆的序列测定和初步生物信息学分析,获得28个光滑鳖甲表达序列标签(ESTs),包括17个EST(60.7%)与NCBI中已注册的已知功能基因相似性较高,另外的11个EST(39.3%)则没有发现与之相似的序列,推测可能是功能未知的新基因。同时,利用PCR扩增文库技术从cDNA文库中克隆获得了光滑鳖甲的抗冻蛋白基因,初步表明光滑鳖甲cDNA表达文库构建的成功,为深入研究新疆荒漠昆虫的抗冻机理及发现新的昆虫功能基因奠定了基础。