Internode length in Pisum. Estimation of GA1 levels in genotypes Le, le and led

The levels of GA₁, 3-epiGA₁ and GA₈ in genotypes Le, le and le^d of Pisum sativum L. were determined by gas chromatography-selected ion monitoring (GC-SIM) after feeds of [³H, ¹³C]-GA₂₀ to each genotype. The levels of endogenous and [¹³C]-labelled metabolites were determined by reverse isotope dilution with unlabelled GA₁, 3-epiGA₁ and GA₈. The results demonstrate a quantitative relationship between the level of GA₁ and the extent of elongation both on a per plant and a per g fresh weight basis. These results are consistent with previous findings in peas and other species possessing a predominant early 13-hydroxylation pathway for GA biosynthesis.
The levels of 3-epiGA₁ also decreased in the genotypic sequence Le, le, le^d although not as rapidly as for the level of GA₁. This may suggest that the alleles at the le locus also influence the formation of 3-epiGA₁.     

青海豌豆根腐病病原菌种类及致病性的研究

豌豆极腐病是青海东部干旱地区豌豆生产上的一种新病害,近年来危害逐年加重,致使豌豆产量遭受严重损失。根据分离鉴定和致病性测定结果,青海豌豆根腐病病原真菌是由茄镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌、豌豆丝囊霉、根串珠霉、立枯丝核菌、腐霉、链孢粘帚霉等复合反染所引起的。经回接试验：镰刀菌和豌豆丝囊霉对豌豆具有较强的致病力;腐霉及其他病原菌则有加强腐烂作用。     

Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of dioxacarb by human peripheral blood lymphocytes CAs and Allium test

Dioxacarb (Elecron, Famid) is a phenyl methylcarbamate insecticide and in vitro cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of this pesticide on human peripheral blood lymphocytes and Allium root meristematic cells were investigated by chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and Allium test. Human lymphocytes were treated with 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 ppm doses of dioxacarb for CAs. CA/cell, abnormal cell % and mitotic index % (MI %) data were obtained from these concentrations in 24 and 48 h treatment periods. Dioxacarb did not increase the CA/cell frequency significantly, so this insecticide was not identified as genotoxic. But it was found cytotoxic especially at 250 and 500 ppm concentrations because of the reduced the MI % and increased the abnormal cell %. In Allium test, 25 ppm (EC50/2), 50 ppm (EC50) and 100 ppm (EC50 × 2) concentrations were used for root growth inhibition (EC50 determination) and Allium mitotic index (MI) determination tests. The used concentrations of dioxacarb induced dose-dependent inhibition of MI and root growth on root meristems. Mitotic inhibition of dioxacarb was found significantly higher than for the positive control. These Allium results indicated the high cytotoxicity of dioxacarb. The present study is the first research on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of dioxacarb by human lymphocyte CAs and Allium test.     

Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lavandula stoechas</Emphasis> aqueous extracts

Lavandula genus is an important member of Labiatae (Lamiaceae) family. People use commonly Lavandula stoechas as a medicinal plant for various diseases around the world and also in Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous extracts (40, 80 and 120 g/L) from L. stoechas flowers on Allium cepa root tip meristem cells. For this purpose, A. cepa onion bulbs were treated with the above-mentioned L. stoechas flower extracts for 72 h. Spring water (pH 7.3) was used as a control. The result of this study sowed that aqueous extracts reduced mitotic index, but induced chromosome aberrations and mitotic aberrations in comparison with control, significantly (p < 0.05). Aqueous extracts induced breaks, stickiness, pole deviations and micronuclei. Furthermore, these effects were related to extract concentrations. These results showed that L. stoechas aqueous extracts have cytotoxic and genotoxic effects.     

不同海拔云南黄连生物量和主要有效成分变化

研究了不同海拔(2 100～2 700 m)下,野生和人工栽培云南黄连的生物量、主要有效成分含量及产量.结果表明:野生云南黄连根茎和根生物量沿海拔梯度呈上升趋势,但无显著性差异(P>0.05);人工栽培云南黄连根茎生物量平均值在海拔2 600 m和2 700 m处分别为87.5 kg·hm^-2和97.0 kg·hm^-2,显著高于海拔2 300 m处(34.8 kg·hm^-2,P<0.05),且海拔2 300、2 600和2 700 m的人工栽培云南黄连根茎和根生物量均大于野生云南黄连,但无显著性差异(P>0.05). 野生云南黄连的根茎和根生物量均与全株生物量呈显著正相关. 野生云南黄连根茎和根小檗碱含量在海拔2 700 m处最高,分别为4.60%和1.93%; 根茎巴马汀和药根碱含量、根药根碱含量在海拔2 600～2 700 m处最高;根巴马汀含量在2 300 m处最高.人工云南黄连根茎和根小檗碱含量在海拔2 600 m处最高,分别为4.41%和1.90%; 根茎巴马汀含量,根小檗碱、巴马汀和药根碱含量在海拔2 600～2 700 m处最高;根茎药根碱含量在海拔2 300 m处最高.海拔2 600～2 700 m处野生云南黄连根茎和根中各有效成分产量显著高于海拔2 100和2 300 m处(P<0.05). 野生云南黄连分株的根茎生物量、根生物量、叶生物量、总生物量、高度和冠幅沿海拔梯度呈先升后降趋势.增大种植密度和加强人工管理可以提高云南黄连生物量和主要有效成分产量.     

NaCl和Na2CO3胁迫对桑树幼苗生长和光合特性的影响

以1年生“青龙桑”幼苗为试验材料,研究了中性盐(NaCl)和碱性盐(Na2CO3)胁迫下桑树幼苗的生长和叶片光合特性.结果表明： 盐胁迫明显降低了桑树幼苗的株高、叶片数、生物量和叶片的光合能力.随着Na+浓度的增加,桑树叶片的气孔导度、蒸腾速率、净光合速率、实际光化学效率、电子传递速率和光化学猝灭系数明显降低,过剩光能以非光化学猝灭形式耗散的比例增加,桑树叶片的光能转化效率和光合能力下降.在Na+浓度＜150 mmol·L-1时,桑树幼苗的光合能力和生长受到的抑制较小,通过增加根冠比进一步适应盐胁迫,但这种保护机制随着盐浓度的增加逐渐降低.在Na2CO3胁迫下,＞50 mmol·L-1Na+浓度对桑树的生长和光合能力表现出较强的抑制作用,并随Na+浓度的增加,抑制程度加大.在NaCl＜150 mmol·L-1时,桑树的光合能力主要依赖植株形态和光合代谢双重途径适应中性盐逆境,而在NaCl浓度＞150 mmol·L-1和碱性盐胁迫下,其主要依赖光合代谢来适应逆境.     

Application of Genetic Bit Analysis (GBATM) for allelic selection in plant breeding

Genetic Bit Analysis (GBA) is a relatively new technique developed to score single-nucleotide polymorphisms among alleles. It is currently being used as a genetic diagnostic tool in human paternity tests as well as in pedigree analysis of farm animals. GBA relies on the polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked colorimetry to distinguish differences among genotypes. The identification of a single-nucleotide polymorphism which distinguished the plastome of cytoplasmic male-sterile onion varieties from the plastome of fertile lines provided a model system for testing the utility of GBA in plants. Our results demonstrate that GBA permits rapid and accurate allele determination in onion breeding lines, resulting in accurate prediction of sterility at the seedling stage. The use of 96-well microtiter plates and automated liquid-handlers allowed semi-automation of Genetic Bit Analysis.     

割草和放牧对大针茅根际与非根际土壤养分和微生物数量的影响

选取内蒙古典型草原大针茅为主要研究对象,研究割草和放牧干扰对其根际与非根际土壤有机碳、全氮、有效氮、全磷、有效磷含量以及微生物数量的影响.结果表明：在割草和放牧干扰下,根际土壤有机碳、全氮、有效氮含量均有不同程度的减少,根际截存效应减弱;土壤全磷由于固定性强不易向植物根部聚集,土壤全磷的根际效应不明显;土壤有效磷异质性较大,在放牧和割草干扰下有不同程度的变化,但根际和非根际间差异不显著;放牧干扰显著减少了土壤微生物的数量;土壤养分的变化与土壤微生物数量的变化关系密切,细菌和真菌的数量变化可能对土壤养分的影响更大;相对于割草,放牧干扰更易造成根际土壤养分的流失及微生物数量的减少.     

箬叶多糖的分离纯化及其理化性质的研究

采用分步提取的方式从中药箬叶中分离得到８种多糖组分：酸性杂多糖ＦＳ、ＦＥ、ＦⅠ,β－Ｄ－葡萄糖醛酸聚糖ＦⅡ和四种半纤维素多糖α－Ｄ－木聚糖ＦⅢ－ａ、ＦⅢ－ｂ、ＦⅣ－ａ及ＦⅣ－ｂ．紫外光谱、红外光谱、凝胶色谱、元素分析等结果表明８种箬叶多糖为纯品．并采用纸层析,气相色谱分析确定其单糖组成．采用高效凝胶渗透色谱ＧＰＣ法测定了４种箬叶多糖ＦＥ、ＦⅠ、ＦⅢ－ａ及ＦⅣ－ａ的重均分子量Ｍｗ、数均分子量Ｍｎ,均为大分子,分子量分布较窄,纯度较高．