Sexual (MATa/) and sexual (MATa/a) strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which are completely isogenic except at the MAT locus, were compared in their response to ultraviolet radiation. The effects of UV on survival, mitotic intragenic recombination, photoreactivation, and transformation efficiency with UV-irradiated plasmid DNA were examined. The sexual strain had enhanced survival and higher rates of mitotic intragenic recombination compared with the asexual strain. Exposure to visible light subsequent to irradiation increased the survival of both sexual and asexual strains, and decreased their rates of mitotic intragenic recombination. Similar results were obtained by Haladus and Zuk (1980) in their examination of sexual strains homozygous for rad6-1, and wild-type sexuals.
Our sexual strain was also consistently more proficient at transforming plasmid DNA, whether that DNA had been irradiated or not. When pre-irradiated with 25 J/m2 of UV, MATa/ cells transformed more efficiently than MATa/a cells. When subsequently exposed to light, the ability of these pre-irradiated cells to transform decreased for both strains with increasing irradiation of the plasmid. A smaller decrease in transformation efficiency occurred when cells of both strains were kept in the dark.
When pre-irradiated with 100 J/m2, the MATa/ cells showed a 2-fold increase in their transformation efficiency of both irradiated and unirradiated plasmids by up to 2-fold, a phenomenon not seen in the MATa/a cells even when pre-irradiated with much higher doses of UV. This increase in transformation efficiency was not, however, seen in the MATa/ cells when they were exposed to visible light after UV irradiation. These results suggest that cells with the MATa genotype have a UV-inducible system that increases the efficiency of transformation in the absence of visible light. This increase in transformation is not an induced increase in the repair of plasmid DNA, but rather an increase in the ability of pre-irradiated MATa/ cells to take up exogenous DNA. MATa/a cells do not appear to have a similarity inducible system. To the best of our knowledge, this phenomenon has not been previously reported. 相似文献
Nullisomic analysis of waxy (Wx) protein of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. “Chinese Spring” using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that threeWx loci,Wx-A1, Wx-B1, andWx-D1, located on chromosome arms 7AS, 4AL, and 7DS, produce three distinct Wx subunit groups, subunit group-A (SGA), SGB, and
SGD, respectively. SGA has a higher molecular weight and a more basic isoelectric point (pI) than the other two. SGB and SGD
have the same molecular weight but a slightly different pI range. Owing to the detection of these three subunit groups, we were able to identify the expression of three waxy genes
in wheat endosperm and to find two types of mutants among Japanese wheat cultivars, one lacking SGA and the others SGB. These
results suggest the possibility of breeding a waxy wheat. 相似文献
We compared tyrosinase activity (TH, DO, and native PAGE-defined isozymes) and melanin production in participate and soluble fractions of hairbulb melanocytes of lethal yellow (Ay/a C/C), nonagouti black (a/a C/C), and albino (a/a c2J/c2J) of 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-day regenerating hairbulbs. With respect to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopa oxidase (DO) activities, Ay/a melanocytes possessed only 25-35% of the activity of a/a; there were no genotype differences in either the subcellular distribution of activity in soluble and particulate fractions or in the relative increases of activity over the 12-day developmental period. TH data on wild-type agouti (AwJ/AwJ) mice over the 3-11 day regeneration interval showed an activity intermediate between that of a/a and Ay/a; the rate of TH increase reflected black and yellow phases of the agouti hair cycle. Analyses of the number and densities of dopa-sensitive bands following native PAGE of 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-day hairbulb fractions of a/a and Ay/a mice suggested stage-dependent patterns. A comparison of rates and amounts of melanin production in 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-day fractions showed consistent melanin production in Ay/a to be 10-20% that of a/a; however, fold increases in melanin production over the four stages were similar between genotypes. Overall, tyrosinase activity data support the notion that agouti locus modification of tyrosinase activity is a graded or quantitative rather than a qualitative phenomenon. 相似文献
Summary The SMO genetic locus in strains of the fungus Magnaporthe grisea that infect weeping lovegrass, directs the formation of correct cell shapes in asexual spores, infection structures, and asci. We have identified and characterized a Smo– strain of M. grisea that infects rice. The smo mutation in this strain segregates as a single gene mutation and is allelic to previously identified smo alleles. A marked reduction in pathogenicity co-segregates with the Smo– phenotype, suggesting that the SMO locus plays a role in rice pathogenicity. A family of dispersed repeated DNA sequences, called MGR, have been discovered in the nuclear DNA of M. grisea rice pathogens. Genetic crosses between Smo– rice pathogens and Smo+ non-rice pathogens were used to follow the segregation of the SMO locus and individual MGR sequences. Using DNA blot analysis with cloned MGR hybridization probes, we mapped the SMO locus to a chromosomal region flanked by two closely linked MGR sequences. We demonstrated that the copy number of MGR sequences could be reduced in subsequent crosses to non-rice pathogens of M. grisea, and that new MGR sequences did not occur following meiosis indicating that these sequences are stable in the genome. We conclude that restriction fragment polymorphism mapping with cloned MGR sequences as hybridization probes is an effective way to map genes in the rice blast fungus. 相似文献
We carried out a quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping experiment in two phenotypically similar inbred mouse strains, C57BL/6J and C58/J, using the open‐field assay, a well‐established model of anxiety‐related behavior in rodents. This intercross was initially carried out as a control cross for an ethylnitrosurea mutagenesis mapping study. Surprisingly, although open‐field behavior is similar in the two strains, we identified significant QTL in their F2 progeny. Marker regression identified a locus on Chr 8 having associations with multiple open‐field measures and a significant interaction between loci on Chr 13 and 17. Together, the Chr 8 locus and the interaction effect form the core set of QTL controlling these behaviors with additional loci on Chr 1 and 6 present in a subset of the behaviors. 相似文献
Negative correlations between quality traits and fruit size may hamper the breeding of fresh market tomato varieties for better organoleptic qualities. In a recent QTL analysis, QTLs with large effects on fruit weight, locule number and several quality traits were detected in the distal 50 cM of chromosome 2, but favorable alleles for fruit weight and locule number were unfavorable to quality traits. Substitution mapping was undertaken to determine whether the effects were due to a single QTL or to several tightly linked QTLs. Several chromosomal segments were characterized using near-isogenic lines. Five of them appeared to be involved in one or several traits. Considering the five segments from the top to the bottom of the region, the QTLs detected in each segment controlled the variation of: (1) fruit weight, (2) soluble solids content and dry matter weight, (3) fruit weight, (4) locule number and (5) fruit weight, dry matter weight, total sugars, titratable acidity and soluble solids content. This last cluster illustrates an antagonism between fruit weight and four quality traits, as favorable alleles are not conferred by the same parent in both cases. Nevertheless, several antagonistic QTLs were separated from each other in the first four segments, holding the promise for marker-assisted improvement of fruit quality traits without compromising the fruit size. 相似文献