Artificial radiofrequency driven life-table parameters of perilla seed bugs (Nysius sp.) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae)

The genus Nysius (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) are polyphagous pests of various plants that damage seeds, foliage, and flowers. Here, we studied the life-table parameters and adult performances of Nysius plebeius Distant and Nysius hidakai Nakatani after exposure to five radiofrequencies: 0 (control), 5, 10, 20, and 30 kHz in infested perilla seeds. In addition, we measured the follow on effects of treatment for four generations (Parent, F1-, F2-, and F3-generation), for both Nysius species. Radiofrequency application significantly affected the life-table parameters of both Nysius species. Radiofrequency exposures affected bug oviposition, developmental period, adult weight, and longevity. Exposure also negatively affected the fecundity of subsequent generations; total developmental period from egg to adult emergence was longer while adult longevity was shorter in the radiofrequency treatments than in the untreated control. Low radiofrequency levels had the greatest effect on the life-table parameters of Nysius species, with the lowest rate of adult emergence and the shortest adult longevity at 5 kHz. The potential of using Nysius bug susceptibilities to radiofrequency as an alternative to chemical treatment is discussed.     

Views on antioxidant mouthwashes as adjunct in periodontal therapy

Clinical decision is often difficult with chlorhexidine mouthwash. The use of antioxidant mouthwashes for the treatment of periodontal disease is in practise. Therefore, it is of interest to collect gleaned information on Antioxidant mouthwashes as periodontal therapy from known literature. Improvement in treatment using antioxidant mouthwashes is reported in several studies. The mouthwash with antioxidants has similar anti-gingivitis, antiplaque and antimicrobial effects as that of chlorhexidine mouthwash.     

Variation in cuticular lipid profiles of black butterflies of the genus Papilio in Japan

Insect (epi)cuticular lipids characterize sex and species and often play an important role in mating behavior. We previously revealed that two black-colored swallowtail butterflies, Papilio polytes and Papilio protenor, show sexual dimorphism and species specificity in cuticular lipid composition and that P. polytes males use specific monoene components for mate discrimination. These findings suggest that their closely related species may have different profiles of cuticular lipids. We examined the cuticular lipid compositions of five Papilio species (P. bianor, P. maackii, P. helenus, P. macilentus, and P. memnon), closely related and sympatric to P. polytes and P. protenor, and discussed whether it is possible to discriminate between sexes, and between species based on their chemical profiles. The cuticular lipids consist mainly of C23–C31 aliphatic hydrocarbons, in which n-tricosane, n-heptacosane, and n-nonacosane are predominant. Several aliphatic ketones, aliphatic acids, and oxygenated terpenoids were also identified as major components shared by several species. There were no components exclusive to a particular species. Conspecific males and females shared most of the components but were mostly distinguishable based on their composition. Moreover, P. helenus males, P. polytes females, and P. protenor females had two different phenotypes of lipid composition. Although unrelated to the genetic lineage, the seven species were classified into four clusters based on their lipid profiles. The first cluster was composed of only P. memnon. The other six species were broadly classified into three clusters consisting of subclusters for each species: 1) P. polytes, P. helenus, P. macilentus, and several P. protenor females; 2) P. bianor and P. protenor; and 3) P. maackii and several P. helenus males. These results indicate that cuticular lipid profiles characterize the species and sex of the Papilio species and may be responsible for mate discrimination among them.     

Uncloaking a Lost Cause: Decolonizing ancestry estimation in the United States

Since the professionalization of US-based forensic anthropology in the 1970s, ancestry estimation has been included as a standard part of the biological profile, because practitioners have assumed it necessary to achieve identifications in medicolegal contexts. Simultaneously, forensic anthropologists have not fully considered the racist context of the criminal justice system in the United States related to the treatment of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color; nor have we considered that ancestry estimation might actually hinder identification efforts because of entrenched racial biases. Despite ongoing criticisms from mainstream biological anthropology that ancestry estimation perpetuates race science, forensic anthropologists have continued the practice. Recent years have seen the prolific development of retooled typological approaches with 21st century statistical prowess to include methods for estimating ancestry from cranial morphoscopic traits, despite no evidence that these traits reflect microevolutionary processes or are suitable genetic proxies for population structure; and such approaches have failed to critically evaluate the societal consequences for perpetuating the biological race concept. Around the country, these methods are enculturated in every aspect of the discipline ranging from university classrooms, to the board-certification examination marking the culmination of training, to standard operating procedures adopted by forensic anthropology laboratories. Here, we use critical race theory to interrogate the approaches utilized to estimate ancestry to include a critique of the continued use of morphoscopic traits, and we assert that the practice of ancestry estimation contributes to white supremacy. Based on the lack of scientific support that these traits reflect evolutionary history, and the inability to disentangle skeletal-based ancestry estimates from supporting the biological validity of race, we urge all forensic anthropologists to abolish the practice of ancestry estimation.     

成人胫骨平台骨折的流行病学特征及其变化趋势的回顾性研究

摘要 目的：回顾性研究成人胫骨平台骨折的流行病学特征及其变化趋势。方法：以我院2014年1月至2019年12月期间收治的1193例成人胫骨平台骨折患者为调查研究对象,根据患者收治的时间将患者分为A组(2014年1月~2015年12月收治,n=369)、B组(2016年1月~2017年12月收治,n=394)、C组(2018年1月~2019年12月收治,n=430)。对三组患者进行统一的问卷调查,并对三组患者的年龄、职业、致伤原因、骨折分型进行归纳统计,分析探讨成人胫骨平台骨折的流行病学特征及其变化趋势。结果：2014年~2019年成人胫骨平台骨折总体流行病学特征：男性患者数量多于女性患者,年龄主要在40~59岁,以从事体力劳动患者居多,骨折致伤原因中主要以交通事故和室内活动跌倒损伤为主,骨折Schatzker分型中以II型、IV型为主。三组年龄对比有差异性,年龄有逐年升高的趋势(P<0.05)。三组性别比例有显著性差异,男女性别比例差异在逐年缩小(P<0.05)。三组患者在职业类型方面也有显著性差异（P<0.05）,但均以体力劳动者居多。在致伤原因中,A组患者以交通事故致伤为主,C组患者以室内活动跌倒损伤为主,组间对比有显著差异(P<0.05)。在骨折分型中,A组以IV型为主,C组以II型为主(P<0.05)。结论：2014年至2019年成人胫骨平台骨折中男性较多,年龄以40~59岁为主,体力劳动者为高发职业,交通事故和室内活动跌倒损伤是最常见的致伤原因,好发骨折分型为Schatzker II型、IV型。变化趋势表现为骨折发病人数逐年上升,发病年龄有老龄化趋势,致伤原因和骨折分型也在逐渐变化。     

Dental stem cell banking: Techniques and protocols

Dental tissue-derived stem cells (DSCs) provide an easy, accessible, relatively noninvasive promising source of adult stem cells (ASCs), which brought encouraging prospective for their clinical applications. DSCs provide a perfect opportunity to apply for a patient's own ASC, which poses a low risk of immune rejection. However, problems associated with the long-term culture of stem cells, including loss of proliferation and differentiation capacities, senescence, genetic instability, and the possibility of microbial contamination, make cell banking necessary. With the rapid development of advanced cryopreservation technology, various international DSC banks have been established for both research and clinical applications around the world. However, few studies have been published that provide step-by-step guidance on DSCs isolation and banking methods. The purpose of this review is to present protocols and technical details for all steps of cryopreserved DSCs, from donor selection, isolation, cryopreservation, to characterization and quality control. Here, the emphasis is on presenting practical principles in accordance with the available valid guidelines.     

人成体心源间充质样细胞表型分析及向心脏谱系诱导分化潜能的研究

目的探讨成人心源性间充质样细胞 (CDMCs)的分子表型及向心脏谱系的分化潜能。方法实验分为:不同培养时间CDMCs (第3、5、7代),并以脐带间充质干细胞 (UCMSCs)为对照。分析各细胞分子表型并向心脏谱系诱导分化。显微镜观察细胞形态;计算生长倍增时间并绘制细胞生长曲线;流式细胞术分析表面标志抗原表达;实时定量PCR和Western blot分别测干细胞多能分子及组织特异性分子mRNA和蛋白表达。结果采用重复测量资料方差分析、单因素方差分析和配对t检验。结果 CDMCs具有UCMSCs形态特征与增殖能力,体外培养1 ~ 7 d,与UCMSCs比较,P3、5、7代CDMCs增殖能力差异无统计学意义 (P> 0.05)。与UCMSCs相比,不同培养时间CDMCs表面标志抗原 (CD90)表达 (冻存前:97.13%±2.00%比59.87%±34.14%、38.83%±11.04%、34.77±14.78%;冻存后:99.83%±0.17%比56.00%±19.47%、47.48±11.88%、41.15±8.68%)降低(P< 0.05)。与UCMSCs相比,不同培养时间CDMCs中Rex1 (0.00±0.00比0.68±0.50、0.29±0.17、0.38±0.50)、Oct3/4 (1.00±0.02比5.28±0.78、3.88±0.95、3.63±0.34)、Nanog(1.00±0.16比7.57±4.69、5.40±3.58、5.34±0.76)以及心脏特异转录因子Nkx2.5 (1.00±0.12比30.60±22.43、19.69±9.65、8.82±4.94)、Gata4 (1.00±0.85比60467±25266、44350±25800、35067±23113)表达均增高,差异有统计学意义 (P均< 0.05)。与诱导前比较,向心肌诱导分化15 d后,不同培养时间CDMCs中cTnT蛋白表达水平 (0.40±0.13比0.98±0.16、0.38±0.18 比0.69±0.15、0.17±0.11比0.70±0.17)增高 (P< 0.05)。结论 CDMCs不仅具备部分干细胞和间充质细胞表型,还具有心脏组织特异性。其具备心脏谱系分化潜能,心肌细胞分化能力可能优于UCMSCs。     

The role of lysyl oxidase-like 2 in the odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells

Adult human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are a unique population of precursor cells those are isolated from postnatal dental pulp and have the ability to differentiate into a variety of cell types utilized for the formation of a reparative dentin-like complex. Using LC-MS/MS proteomics approaches, we identified the proteins secreted from the differentiating hDPSCs in mineralization media. Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) was identified as a protein that was down-regulated in the hDPSCs that differentiate into odontoblast-like cells. The role of LOXL2 has not been studied in dental pulp stem cells. LOXL2 mRNA levels were reduced in differentiating hDPSCs, whereas the levels of other LOX family members including LOX, LOXL1, LOXL3, and LOXL4, are increased. The protein expression and secretion levels of LOXL2 were also decreased during odontogenic differentiation. Recombinant LOXL2 protein treatment to hDPSCs resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the early differentiation and the mineralization accompanying with the lower levels of odontogenic markers such as DSPP, DMP-1 and ALP. These results suggest that LOXL2 has a negative effect on the differentiation of hDPSCs and blocking LOXL2 can promote the hDPSC differentiation to odontoblasts.