红菇子实体多糖的理化性质及抗癌活性

红菇（Russula vinosa Lindbl）子实体残渣经热水提取,Sevage法除去蛋白,用乙醇沉淀得到粗多糖,经DEAE-Sephadex A-25纯化,得到精制的红菇多糖,经聚丙烯酰胺凝胶（PACE）电泳和高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析表明其为均一多糖,平均分子量为1．8万,红外光谱分析具有多糖特征吸收峰,紫外光谱未见核酸和蛋白质特征吸收峰,通过纸层析和高效液相色谱（HPLC）以及咔唑-硫酸法分析,判断其含有半乳糖、阿拉伯糖和半乳糖醛酸。总糖含量为89．3％,其中糖醛酸含量为3．36％。给小鼠腹腔注射多糖,能提高腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能和吞噬指数（P〈0．01）,对移植性肿瘤S180有一定的抑制作用。     

大沙鼠行为生态学研究现状

大沙鼠(Rhombomys opimus),属啮齿目(Rodentia)仓鼠科(Cricetidae)沙鼠亚科(Gerbillinae),广泛分布于中亚的哈萨克斯坦、伊朗、阿富汗、蒙古和中国等国,是沙鼠亚科中体型最大的鼠种,是中亚荒漠区的重要建群鼠种。大沙鼠为建立定居点而挖掘复杂的洞穴系统,生活在此洞穴系统内的一个家族通常由2~3代大沙鼠组成。大沙鼠采食梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)等植物,强烈影响荒漠植物的发育和外貌,以及荒漠生态系统的结构和功能。本文对大沙鼠栖息地、采食、储食、警戒、领域、社群、扩散以及昼间活动节律等行为的研究作以综述,分析了亟待深入研究的内容,以加深对该物种生物学特性的认识,并为有效控制该物种、维护荒漠生态系统稳定健康发展以及荒漠化防治提供基础数据。     

天葵子化学成分及抑菌活性研究

为探究天葵子化学成分及其抑菌活性。采用色谱法从天葵子中分离得到13个化合物,利用波谱学等方法鉴定了它们的化学结构,分别鉴定为蝙蝠葛内酯(1)、格列风内酯(2)、β-谷甾醇(3)、胡萝卜苷(4)、对羟基苯乙醇(5)、邻苯二甲酸-二-2-乙基-己酯(6)、小檗碱(7)、木兰碱(8)、唐松草酚定(9)、果糖(10)、紫草氰苷(11)、小檗红碱(12)、bauhinin(13)。其中化合物12和13为首次从天葵子中分离得到。采用滤纸片琼脂扩散法测定了所得化合物的抑菌活性,其中化合物7和12具有明显的抑菌活性,在载药量为5μg/片时,化合物7对白菜软腐病菌和猕猴桃溃疡病菌的抑菌圈直径分别为19.4、13.3mm;化合物12对青枯病菌和猕猴桃溃疡病菌的抑菌圈直径分别为13.2、12.8mm,表明天葵子对于防治作物细菌性病害具有较好的应用前景。     

Synthesis,Structural Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Ruthenium Complexes with Heteroaromatic Carboxylic Acids

The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of two new ruthenium complexes against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa PAO1 (laboratory strain) and P. aeruginosa LES B58 (clinical strain) were evaluated. Complexes, mer‐[Ru^III(2‐bimc)₃] ? H₂O ( 1 ) and cis‐[Ru^IVCl₂(2,3‐pydcH)₂] ? 4H₂O ( 2 ), were obtained using aromatic carboxylic acid ligands, namely, 1H‐benzimidazole‐2‐carboxylic acid (2‐bimcH) and pyridine‐2,3‐dicarboxylic acid (2,3‐pydcH₂). Compounds were physicochemically characterized using X‐ray diffraction, Hirshfeld surface analysis, IR and UV/VIS spectroscopies, as well as magnetic and electrochemical measurements. Structural characterization revealed that Ru(III) and Ru(IV) ions in the complexes adopt a distorted octahedral geometry. The intermolecular classical and weak hydrogen bonds, and π???π contacts significantly contribute to structure stabilization, leading to the formation of a supramolecular assembly. Biological studies have shown that the Ru complexes inhibit the growth of bacteria and biofilm formation by the tested strains and the complexes seem to be a potential as antimicrobial agents.     

中华补血草多酚提取物对自由基的清除能力

采用超声波辅助浸提—大孔树脂吸附法从中华补血草[ Limonium sinense (Girard) Kuntze]根、根茎、叶和花中获得多酚提取物,并对它们的得率和组成成分进行了初步分析;在此基础上,比较研究了不同部位多酚提取物对DPPH·、·OH和O2的清除能力.实验数据表明:中华补血草根、根茎、叶和花多酚提取物的得率分别为12.42％、5.98％、5.27％和3.98％,差异明显;多酚提取物中总酚、原花色素、黄烷醇和总黄酮含量变化幅度较大,分别为51.87％ ～61.60％、5.62％～39.47％、3.69％～12.46％和2.53％ ～35.97％;其中,总酚、原花色素和黄烷醇含量均以根多酚提取物最高,总黄酮含量以花多酚提取物最高,均与其他部位多酚提取物有显著差异.随质量浓度提高,4个部位多酚提取物对3种自由基的清除率总体上逐渐增大;其中根多酚提取物对DPPH·的清除作用最强,半数清除质量浓度(ρSC50)为38.52 μg·L-1,显著低于阳性对照芦丁和BHT(ρSC50分别为67.40和74.25 μg·L-1);花多酚提取物对·OH和O2的清除能力最强,ρSC50分别为53.51和74.00 μg·L-1,均低于芦丁;总体上,4个部位多酚提取物对DPPH·的清除能力由强至弱依次为根、根茎、叶、花,对·OH和O2的清除能力由强至弱依次为花、根、叶、根茎.结果显示:中华补血草不同部位多酚提取物均具有较强的自由基清除能力,其中,根和花多酚提取物中高含量的原花色素和黄酮类成分分别与其自由基清除能力密切相关.     

Alternative splicing variants of human arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase

Arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (As3MT) catalyzes the methylation of trivalent arsenic (As(III)) to monomethylarsonate (MMA(V)) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA(V)), and plays an important role in the detoxification of arsenicals. Here, we report the identification of two splicing variants of the human As3MT gene. One splicing variant was an exon-3 skipping (Δ3) form which produced a premature stop codon, and the other was an exon-4 and -5 skipping (Δ4,5) form which produced a 31.1 kDa As3MT protein. In addition to the full-length mRNA of As3MT, Δ4,5 mRNAs were detected in HepG2, A549, HL60, K562, and HEK293 cells. The methyltransferase activity of the recombinant Δ4,5 As3MT and wild-type As3MT proteins purified from Escherichia coli was determined. Speciation analysis by HPLC–ICP-MS showed a clear peak of MMA(V) after incubation of As(III) with the wild-type As3MT protein, but not with the Δ4,5 As3MT protein. In addition, COS-7 cells transfected with Δ4,5 As3MT cDNA did not convert As(III) to MMA(V) or DMA(V). The lack of methyltransferase activity of Δ4,5 As3MT seems to be related to the deletion of an S-adenosylmethionine-binding site and a critical cysteine residue. These data suggest that the expression pattern of splicing variants of the As3MT gene may affect the capacity for arsenic methylation in cells.     

鹅不食草中具有抗菌活性的三萜类成分

从鹅不食草(Centipeda minima)全草的乙醇提取物中分离得到3个乌苏烷型三萜,其中一个新化合物用波谱学方法鉴定为ursane-20(30)-en-3β,16β,21α-triol(1),二个已知化合物的结构分别为taraxasterol acetate(2),taraxasterol(3)。抗菌试验表明化合物2和3具有较强的抗菌活性。     

Immunomodulatory effect of selenosemicarbazides and selenium inorganic compounds, distribution in organs after selenium supplementation

Antioxidant properties of selenium producing a protective barrier against free radicals play an important role in numerous metabolic and immunologic processes associated with oxidation- reduction reactions which take place during intracellular digestion of phagocyted bacteria. The aim of our study was to examine the properties of an organic compound of selenium, 4-(o-tolilo)- selenosemicarbazide of p-chlorobenzoic acid in terms of its retention in organs, effect on erythropoesis and phagocytic abilities of neutrophiles as well as antioxidant properties in neutrophiles tested with NBT test. This compound as well as inorganic sodium selenate was given to Swiss mice at the dose of 10^–3 g Se/kg for the period of 10 days. The concentrations of selenium in livers of mice treated with sodium selenate and selenosemicarbazide were found to be higher than in controls (18,7 g lg^–1 and 23.2 g lg^–1 vs. 12 g lg^–1, respectively). Analysis of blood cells count has shown a significant decrease in neutrophile levels in both groups treated with selenium. The influence of selenium compounds on phagocytosis and especially NBT test has been determined (3.8% of positive cells in the controls vs. 2.2% and 0.9% in the groups treated with sodium selenate and selenosemicarbazide, respectively). Our preliminary investigations suggest that selenosemicarbazides are biologically active compounds and can modify neutrophile functions.     

Effect of light quality on movement of Pterostichus melanarius (Coleoptera: Carabidae)

Abstract Behaviour of nocturnal insects is routinely observed under red light, but it is unclear how the behaviour under red light compares to behaviour in complete darkness, or under a source of white light. Here, we measure movement behaviour of the nocturnal carabid beetle Pterostichus melanarius Illiger (Coleoptera: Carabidae) using camera recording under a near‐infrared (nir), red or white radiation source. Red light significantly reduced movement speed in females similar to the effect of white light and different from nir. Also movement activity and pause length were affected by radiation source, with a significant difference between nir and white light, and with intermediate values in red light. The results presented here indicate that P. melanarius has different movement behaviour under the three radiation sources and suggest that nir rather than red radiation is most appropriate for measuring behaviour in total darkness. However, in the field total darkness is rare both because of natural light sources such as the moon and stars but increasingly also because of ecological light pollution, and therefore red light may still be of use for observing ecologically and practically relevant natural night‐time behaviour.