生长抑素联合双歧杆菌四联活菌治疗急性胰腺炎的效果及对肠粘膜屏障功能的影响

目的:探究生长抑素联合双歧杆菌四联活菌治疗急性胰腺炎的效果及对肠粘膜屏障功能的影响。方法:选取2015年8月～2018年8月我院收治的急性胰腺炎患者98例,根据患者入院先后顺序分为两组。对照组患者给予生长抑素治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合双歧杆菌四联活菌片治疗。比较两组患者的临床治疗效果,临床症状和指标的恢复时间及胃肠动力的恢复情况,治疗前后D-乳酸、二胺氧化酶(DAO)和尿乳果糖和甘露醇的比值(L/M)水平的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组患者的总有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05),腹痛、腹胀、腹膜刺激征、血淀粉酶和尿淀粉酶恢复正常时间均显著短于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患者的血清D-乳酸、DAO和L/M水平均较治疗前显著下降,且观察组以上指标均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。此外,观察组患者的腹内压显著低于对照组,肠鸣音恢复时间显著短于对照组,胃肠减压引流量显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:与单用生长抑素相比,生长抑素联合双歧杆菌四联活菌可更迅速缓解急性胰腺炎患者的临床症状及指标,恢复胃肠动力,并显著改善患者的肠粘膜屏障功能,利于患者的康复。     

Effects of acute heat stress and subsequent stress removal on function of hepatic mitochondrial respiration,ROS production and lipid peroxidation in broiler chickens

In order to investigate the effects of acute heat stress and subsequent stress removal on function of hepatic mitochondrial respiration, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation in broiler chickens, 128 six-week-old broiler chickens were kept in a controlled-environment chamber. The broiler chickens were initially kept at 25 °C (relative humidity, RH, 70 ± 5%) for 6 d and subsequently exposed to 35 °C (RH, 70 ± 5%) for 3 h, then the heat stress was removed and the temperature returned to 25 °C (RH, 70 ± 5%). Blood and liver samples were obtained before heat exposure and at 0 (at the end of the three-hour heating episode, this group is also abbreviated as the HT group), 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 h after the stress was removed. The results showed that acute heat stress induced a significant production of ROS, function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, antioxidative enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)] activity, and formation of malondialdehybe (MDA). Within the first 12 h after removal of the heat stress, the acute modification of the above parameters induced by heat stress gradually approached to pre-heat levels. The results of the present study suggest that acute exposure to high temperatures may depress the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. This leads to over-production of ROS, which ultimately results in lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. When the high temperature was removed, the production of ROS, mitochondrial respiratory function and oxidative injury that were induced by acute heat exposure gradually approached the levels observed before heating, in a time-dependent manner.     

Renal Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury: A Mouse Model of Injury and Regeneration

Renal ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients and occlusion of renal blood flow is unavoidable during renal transplantation. Experimental models that accurately and reproducibly recapitulate renal IRI are crucial in dissecting the pathophysiology of AKI and the development of novel therapeutic agents. Presented here is a mouse model of renal IRI that results in reproducible AKI. This is achieved by a midline laparotomy approach for the surgery with one incision allowing both a right nephrectomy that provides control tissue and clamping of the left renal pedicle to induce ischaemia of the left kidney. By careful monitoring of the clamp position and body temperature during the period of ischaemia this model achieves reproducible functional and structural injury. Mice sacrificed 24 hr following surgery demonstrate loss of renal function with elevation of the serum or plasma creatinine level as well as structural kidney damage with acute tubular necrosis evident. Renal function improves and the acute tissue injury resolves during the course of 7 days following renal IRI such that this model may be used to study renal regeneration. This model of renal IRI has been utilized to study the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of AKI as well as analysis of the subsequent renal regeneration.     

急性心肌梗死患者冠脉介入治疗后血浆apelin的变化及作用

目的:观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者围手术期血浆apelin的表达变化,分析AMI合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血浆apelin的表达与预后的相关性,探讨apelin在冠脉介入治疗(PCI)中的心脏保护作用。方法:72例于2012年2月~8月在我院心内科接受冠状动脉造影确诊为AMI并成功完成PCI的冠心病患者,分别在术前、术后0小时、术后4小时、术后24小时收集血清,酶联免疫吸附法测定血浆apelin-13水平;进一步对糖尿病及非糖尿病AMI患者(每组各20例)进行亚组分析,随访两组患者在术后6个月时主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)。结果:AMI患者术后0 h组apelin水平与术前基线水平明显降低(31.54±5.48 vs35.15±6.48 ng/L,P0.05);术后4小时及24小时组apelin水平较术前明显升高(39.65±5.48 vs 35.15±6.48 ng/L,43.93±5.37 vs35.15±6.48 ng/L,P0.05)。糖尿病与非糖尿病组apelin水平术前无明显差异;糖尿病组在术后各时间点的apelin水平均明显高于非糖尿病组(31.12±5.50 vs 29.21±6.53 ng/L,40.57±5.37 vs 33.49±3.89 ng/L,43.50±7.41 vs 34.54±3.52 ng/L,P0.05)。两组术后6个月随访T2DM组LVEF值改善明显高于NT2DM组,但MACCE事件无明显差异。结论:AMI患者PCI术后存在血浆apelin表达的升高,其中糖尿病患者在术后血浆apelin表达较非糖尿病患者明显增高,提示PCI冠脉血运重建可促进糖尿病患者apelin分泌,调节胰岛素抵抗改善预后。     

磁场对急性胃损伤的治疗效应及其机制的实验研究

目的：探讨腹部恒磁场作用,对大鼠急性胃损伤模型的治疗效应及其作用机制.方法：10只健康SD大鼠,以indomethacin胃灌注法复制急性胃损伤模型,以表面磁强度为1300-1600GS,钡铁氧体恒磁场作用大鼠腹部3小时,观察胃损伤指数及病理损伤积分,同时对血浆中内皮素（endothelin,ET）、一氧化氮（nitric oxide,NO）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）及超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）水平进行比较.结果：恒磁场腹部作用后,大鼠胃损伤指数及病理损伤积分较对照组均显著减轻（p均〈0.05）;血浆ET-1和NO水平却无无明显改变（p均〉0.05）,血GSH-Px和SOD含量较对照组均明显升高（p均〈0.05）.结论：腹部1300-1600GS恒磁场作用3小时,对大鼠急性胃损伤具有明显的治疗效应,磁场的这一效应可能与其增加血浆中清除氧自由基的GSH-Px和SOD活性有关.     

实验性腹膜炎时内毒素血症及肺脏的变化

目的探讨实验性腹膜炎时,内毒素与肺损伤的变化.方法用酵母多糖A腹腔注射制备大鼠急性实验性腹膜炎模型,随机分为模型组和对照组;观察实验性腹膜炎时,肺损伤变化.结果模型组内毒素、肺匀浆脂质过氧化物,以及白细胞计数均明显增高;而还原谷胱甘肽(GSH)明显降低,与对照组比差异有显著性(P＜0.05).结论实验性腹膜炎时,内毒素的形成、细菌因子的释放及脂质过化与肺损害有一定的联系.     

Eficacia y eficiencia de las unidades geriátricas de agudos: un tópico clásico revisitado

Previous meta-analyses have shown that the hospital admission of older patients in acute geriatric units (AGU) compared to admission to other conventional units, significantly reduced the risk of functional deterioration during hospitalization, increasing the possibility of returning home, with an added reduction in cost of hospitalization. A new meta-analysis on the subject has recently been published in Age and Aging, which adds six new studies to the five clinical trials analyzed in previous meta-analyses. This article analyzes the results of this new meta-analysis, delving into the characteristics of the new studies included and making some considerations on the implications for care in the future development of AGU.     

Battling for Ribosomes: Translational Control at the Forefront of the Antiviral Response

In the early stages of infection, gaining control of the cellular protein synthesis machinery including its ribosomes is the ultimate combat objective for a virus. To successfully replicate, viruses unequivocally need to usurp and redeploy this machinery for translation of their own mRNA. In response, the host triggers global shutdown of translation while paradoxically allowing swift synthesis of antiviral proteins as a strategy to limit collateral damage. This fundamental conflict at the level of translational control defines the outcome of infection. As part of this special issue on molecular mechanisms of early virus–host cell interactions, we review the current state of knowledge regarding translational control during viral infection with specific emphasis on protein kinase RNA-activated and mammalian target of rapamycin-mediated mechanisms. We also describe recent technological advances that will allow unprecedented insight into how viruses and host cells battle for ribosomes.     

丹红注射液对急性脑梗死患者血尿酸与胆红素水平的影响

目的:探究丹红注射液对急性脑梗死患者血尿酸与胆红素水平的影响。方法:选取2015年2月到2016年2月我院神经内科收治的急性脑梗死患者96例,根据随机数字对照表分为对照组与试验组,每组各48例。对照组给予患者钙离子拮抗剂尼莫地平缓释片和抗血小板凝集剂阿斯匹林肠溶片治疗,试验组采用常规药物治疗联合给予丹红注射液治疗。观察并比较两组患者的临床疗效以及治疗前后血尿酸与胆红素水平的变化情况。结果:治疗后,两组患者的NIHSS评分及血尿酸与胆红素水平均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),且与对照组相比,试验组的NIHSS评分及血尿酸与胆红素水平更低(P0.05)。结论:丹红注射液对急性脑梗死患者具有显著的治疗效果,推测可能与降低血尿酸与胆红素的水平有关。