基因组改组技术选育耐酸性琥珀酸放线杆菌

以琥珀酸产生菌Actinobacillus succinogenes CGMCC 1593为出发菌,分别经过紫外线-甲基磺酸乙酯(UV-EMS)和紫外线-硫酸二乙酯(UV-DES)诱变处理,得到7株耐酸性有所提高的突变株.以此作为候选菌库,经3轮原生质体递进融合,筛选获得4株可以在pH 5.6下生长的改组菌株.其中改组菌株F3-21在pH 5.6的完全液体培养基中生长的OD值是原始菌的7倍,在pH 5.2条件下仍能生长;其摇瓶发酵48h琥珀酸产量较原始菌株提高48%.在5L发酵罐中进行分批发酵,当控制pH在较低值(5.6～6.0)时,F3-21厌氧发酵48h积累琥珀酸38.1g/L,较出发菌株提高了45%;当控制pH在6.5～7.0时,F3-21厌氧发酵32h积累琥珀酸40.7g/L.F3-21在5L发酵罐中进行补料分批发酵,厌氧发酵72h,产琥珀酸达67.4g/L.结果说明基因组改组技术能够改进琥珀酸放线菌的耐酸性能及其琥珀酸的产量.     

胸膜肺炎放线杆菌三聚体自转运黏附素茎部功能区表达及其与猪肺组织结合蛋白的筛选分析

【目的】胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae,APP)可引发猪的传染性胸膜肺炎,给世界养猪业造成了巨大损失。黏附是APP在致病过程中的第一步,新型黏附分子——三聚体自转运黏附素(Trimeric autotransporter adhesin,TAA)是该菌感染肺组织的重要毒力因子,茎部区2 464-2 574氨基酸(BD3)序列区域在细菌的黏附中发挥重要作用,但其如何结合肺脏组织尚属未知。本文表达TAA的茎部功能区,筛选其在肺组织中的结合蛋白。【方法】原核表达及纯化TAA功能区BD3蛋白,与猪肺组织共孵育,通过免疫共沉淀技术捕获BD3的结合蛋白并质谱鉴定。构建猪c DNA文库获取该蛋白核酸序列,进行生物信息学分析。【结果】经质谱分析获得与BD3结合的猪肺组织蛋白的肽段,数据库搜寻比对发现角蛋白1为TAA BD3区与猪肺组织结合的蛋白;构建c DNA文库筛选并测序后获知其基因序列。生物信息学分析显示该序列与猪源及人源角蛋白核酸序列相似性低,猪源细胞角蛋白1作为一个单独的进化分支,与其他角蛋白差异较大;该蛋白在8-100 aa处有一个跨膜区;主要二级结构元件为α螺旋和β折叠;该蛋白在82-362 aa处存在一个G蛋白α亚单位,在515-552 aa处存在一个TSP1区域(凝血酶敏感蛋白1型重复区域)。【结论】与TAA茎部BD3结合的猪肺组织角蛋白1的发现,为TAA黏附肺组织细胞的研究奠定基础,有助于揭示APP专嗜肺组织的致病机制。     

Salient biochemical characters of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

A total of 136 strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were studied for 135 features. All isolates were small nonmotile capnophilic gram-negative rods which grew with no requirement of X or V growth factors. They all decomposed hydrogen peroxide, were oxidase-negative and benzidine-positive, reduced nitrate, produced strong alkaline and acid phosphatases, and fermented fructose, glucose and mannose. Variable fermentation results were obtained with dextrin, maltose, mannitol and xylose. Some isolates produced small amounts of gas. Representative strains of Haemophilusaphrophilus were morphologically and biochemically quite similar to A. actinomycetemcomitans. Characters which should prove to be useful to identify and distinguish these two species include catalase reaction, fermentation of lactose, starch, sucrose and trehalose, and resistance to sodium fluoride. This information allows a rapid diagnosis by species and may be helpful in studies of infections involving these organisms.Abbreviations ONPG O-nitrophenyl--d-galactopyranoside     

Antigenic secreted proteins from Haemophilus paragallinarum. A 110-kDa putative RTX protein

Haemophilus paragallinarum is the causal agent of infectious coryza, an economically important disease for the poultry industry. This bacterium secreted proteins of 25-110 kDa during its growth in brain heart infusion, tryptic soy broth, or Luria-Bertani glucose phosphate media, all lacking serum. Some of these proteins were recognized by sera from chickens experimentally infected with H. paragallinarum. A 110-kDa protein was recognized by a serum pool from convalescent-phase pigs naturally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and also by a rabbit polyclonal serum against Apx I as well as a rabbit serum against Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin, suggesting the presence of an RTX-like protein in H. paragallinarum. H. paragallinarum secreted proteins could be important immunogens in the control of infectious coryza.     

Genetic and antigenic characteristics of ApxIIA and ApxIIIA from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 15

Apx toxins produced by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae are essential components of new generation vaccines. In this study, apxIIA and apxIIIA genes of serovars 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 15 were cloned and sequenced. Amino acid sequences of ApxIIA proteins of serovars 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 15 were almost identical to those of serovars 1, 5, 7, 9 and 11–13. Immunoblot analysis showed that rApxIIA from serovars 2 and 15 reacts strongly with sera from animals infected with various serovars. Sequence analysis revealed that ApxIIIA proteins has two variants, one in strains of serovar 2 and the other in strains of serovars 3, 4, 6, 8 and 15. A mouse cross‐protection study showed that mice actively immunized with rApxIIIA/2 or rApxIIIA/15 are protected against challenge with A. pleuropneumoniae strains of serovars 3, 4, 6, 8, 15, and 2 expressing ApxIII/15 and ApxIII/2, respectively. Similarly, mice passively immunized with rabbit anti‐rApxIIIA/2 or anti‐rApxIIIA/15 sera were found to be protected against challenge with strains of serovars 2 and 15. Our study revealed antigenic and sequence similarities within ApxIIA and ApxIIIA proteins, which may help in the development of effective vaccines against disease caused by A. pleuropneumoniae.     

重组猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌毒素ApxI对小鼠的急性毒性和免疫保护性研究

研究了猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌毒素Ⅰ重组表达蛋白(包括粗提包涵体和经复性处理的重组蛋白)对小鼠的急性毒性以及免疫保护性,并和天然毒素Ⅰ(由APP血清10型菌的培养物上清提取)做了对比。在急性毒性试验中,3种蛋白均以200μg只的剂量腹腔注射小鼠,并分别于24h、7d和14d后眼眶放血致死,检测血常规和血液生化相关指标。结果表明,3种蛋白均不引起小鼠死亡,且重组表达蛋白对小鼠的生长、血常规和血液生化指标没有显著影响。在免疫保护性试验中,用3种蛋白乳化后免疫小鼠,2周后加强免疫1次,并在每次免疫后采血检测其效价,二免2周后用致死剂量的APP血清10型菌(1.09×108cfu)腹腔攻毒。结果表明,天然毒素和复性的重组表达蛋白均具有良好的免疫原性,对小鼠具有较好的免疫保护效力。     

Induction of protective immune responses against the challenge of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by the oral administration of transgenic tobacco plant expressing ApxIIA toxin from the bacteria

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. Among the virulence factors, ApxIIA, a bacterial exotoxin, is reportedly expressed in many serotypes and is considered as a candidate for the development of a vaccine against the bacterial infection. Previously, we isolated a field strain of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 in Korea and characterized its exotoxins to develop an oral vaccine. In this study, we initially confirmed the immunogenicity of ApxIIA expressed in Escherichia coli. We then developed transgenic tobacco expressing ApxIIA and tested its efficacy to induce a protective immune response against A. pleuropneumoniae infection after oral administration of the plant powder. We observed that protective immune responses were induced in mice after oral administration of the plant powder once a week for 4 weeks. Immunoassays revealed that the levels of antigen-specific immunoglobulin G against ApxIIA increased in mice that were fed a powder made from the transgenic plant, but not in mice fed a powder made from wild-type tobacco. Additionally, mice fed the transgenic plant powder were protected from an injection of a lethal dose of A. pleuropneumoniae. These results support that the transgenic plant may be a suitable candidate for an oral vaccine that could be used effectively against A. pleuropneumoniae infection.     

A single-step transconjugation system for the introduction of unmarked deletions into Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 7 using a sucrose sensitivity marker

Research on the porcine respiratory tract pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae requires the availability of improved genetic tools. Therefore, using the sacB gene of Bacillus subtilis, we developed a sucrose-based counterselection system that allows rapid curing of an Escherichia coli-A. pleuropneumoniae shuttle vector as well as the introduction of unmarked mutations into the A. pleuropneumoniae chromosome. A cassette containing the Tn903 kanamycin resistance determinant (km(r)) and the sacB gene expressed from the A. pleuropneumoniae omlA promoter was introduced by homologous recombination into the ureC gene of A. pleuropneumoniae. The resultant stable plasmid cointegrates were kanamycin-resistant, sucrose-sensitive, and urease-positive. A simple counterselection on sucrose-containing agar plates without an additional transconjugation step allowed the efficient isolation of urease-negative A. pleuropneumoniae mutants that had lost the km(r)-sacB cassette.