Lilac alcohol epoxide: a linalool derivative in Actinidia arguta flowers

Lilac alcohol epoxide (2-(5-methyl-5-(oxiran-2-yl)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)propan-1-ol), a previously unreported monoterpene, was identified in the solvent extract of the flowers of seven Actinidia arguta genotypes. The diastereomeric lilac alcohol epoxides co-occurred with the lilac aldehydes and alcohols. Another compound, the lilac diol (2-(5-(1-hydroxyethyl)-5-methyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)propan-1-ol) was synthesised as part of our efforts to identify the lilac alcohol epoxide.     

中越猕猴桃地上部分化学成分研究

从中越猕猴桃Actinidia indochinensis 地上部分分得5个化合物,经理化常数和光谱数据鉴定为:2α,3α,24-三羟基-12-烯-28-齐墩果酸(Ⅰ),2α,3α,24-三羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸(Ⅱ),2α,3α,19α-三羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸(Ⅲ),熊果酸(Ⅳ),和β-谷甾醇(Ⅴ).以上均为首次从该植物地上部分获得.     

中华猕猴桃品种'Hort16A'的果实发育特征

To explore the fruit development characteristics of Actinidia chinensis'Hort16A' , fruit shape indexes during 2-154 d after anthesis, contents of soluble sugar and titratable acid in fruit during 30-154 d after anthesis, and contents of organic acid components in fruit during 44-147 d after anthesis were analyzed. The results show that fruit of 'Hort16A' grows rapidly during 30-44 and 58-72 d after anthesis. Content of soluble solid in fruit during 100-140 d after anthesis is slightly higher than that during 2-93 d after anthesis, and increases rapidly during 147-154 d after anthesis. Fruit firmness decreases rapidly during 147-154 d after anthesis. In general, during 30-154 d after anthesis, content of soluble sugar in fruit increases gradually, while content of titratable acid decreases firstly, then increases, and decreases again. In the fruit, tartaric acid is not detected, content of quininic acid is the highest, contents of malic acid and citric acid are higher, and contents of succinic acid and fumaric acid are very low. Total content of organic acids increases firstly and then decreases, and reaches the highest value at 140 d after anthesis. It is suggested that in order to improve fruit quality of'Hort16A' , its cultivation and management plans will be set up based on fruit development characteristics.     

不同初始螺类密度对沉水植物刺苦草Vallisneria spinulosa Yan及其附着藻类的影响

大型水生植物及其附着藻类是浅水湖泊中的重要初级生产者。淡水螺类作为重要的初级消费者,其密度对沉水植物及其附着藻类的影响存在争议。本研究设置4种初始螺类密度（0、40、80、240 ind·m^-2）,研究淡水螺类（椭圆萝卜螺Radix swinhoei H.Adams）对刺苦草（Vallisneria spinulosa Yan）及其附着藻类的直接牧食作用和螺类种群的变化。结果显示,在添加螺处理中,刺苦草和人工基质表面附着藻类的生物量显著降低,同时沉水植物的生长显著增加,在较高初始密度螺类处理中刺苦草产生更多的分株。到实验结束时,螺类的死亡率较高,但3个有螺处理间螺类鲜重无显著差异,而高初始密度螺类条件下的最终密度仍较高,同时个体重量（均重）也较小。在中富营养条件下淡水螺类可以直接牧食沉水植物叶片,但对植物生长的抑制作用不显著,有可能是因为沉水植物并不能作为唯一的食物来源维持螺类种群,同时螺类的种群结构受到水体营养水平等因素的制约。     

猕猴桃属植物线粒体DNA片段PCR-RFLP研究初报

猕猴桃属 ( Actinidia)植物 ,全世界有 66个种 ,约 1 1 8个种下分类单位 (变种、变型 ) [1] 。近来通过对猕猴桃属植物的细胞质 DNA研究证实 ,该属植物细胞质 DNA为单亲遗传 ,其线粒体 DNA为严格的母性遗传 [2 ] ,这一单亲遗传特性为研究猕猴桃属植物分类及系统学提供了新的途径。在高等植物中 ,由于线粒体 DNA的高度保守 ,以及重排率高而突变率低 ,加之在植物组织中的含量较低 ,限制了它在系统学研究中的应用 ,不适合属以上高阶元间的比较研究[3 ] ,但线粒体 DNA序列进化速度快 ,在近缘种内或种间显示出了更大的变异性 ,并且线粒体 …     

猕猴桃属植物形态描述术语辨析

详细讨论并定义了主要的猕猴桃属植物形态描述专业术语,并给出了所有讨论术语的准确对应的英文专业术语。     

猕猴桃在食品加工中的开发利用

猕猴桃是一种营养价值很高的水果,其在食品加工中具有很大的市场开发利用前景。猕猴桃制品营养丰富,风味独特,其鲜果不易贮藏等问题也正在得到解决。猕猴桃制品种类多样,本文从猕猴桃复合饮料,生态特色果酒等以猕猴桃为主要原料的加工产品进行综述,展望了猕猴桃果实的加工利用前景。     

A genome-specific repeat sequence from kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa var. deliciosa)

Summary Six members of a family of moderately repetitive DNA sequences from kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa var. deliciosa) have been cloned and characterized. The repeat family is composed of elements that have a unit length of 463 bp, are highly methylated, occur in tandem arrays of at least 50 kb in length, and constitute about 0.5% of the kiwifruit genome. Individual elements diverge in nucleotide sequence by up to 5%, which suggests that the repeat sequence is evolving rapidly. Homologous sequences were found in A. deliciosa var. chlorocarpa. The repeat sequence was not found under low stringency hybridization conditions in the diploid A. chinensis, the species most closely related to the hexaploid kiwifruit, or in eight other Actinidia species. However, homologous repeats were detected in a tetraploid species, A. chrysantha. The results provide the first molecular evidence to suggest that kiwifruit may be an allopolyploid species.     

燕山山脉软枣猕猴桃的居群结构与动态研究

为探究层间藤本植物软枣猕猴桃（Actinidia arguta）在群落中的生长格局和居群动态变化,以燕山区域内的野生软枣猕猴桃为研究对象,采用样圆法分区域进行了野生软枣猕猴桃的居群结构调查,编制了特定时间生命表并绘制存活曲线。结果表明：燕山区域Ⅰ-Ⅱ径级（幼苗阶段）种群个体分别占总数量的15.39%（东段）、31.25%（中段）和30.76%（西段）,总体居群结构呈"倒金字塔"型,种群表现出衰退趋势。调查区域软枣猕猴桃的高度结构基本符合连续发育特征,相对完整。燕山东段和中段的软枣猕猴桃较明显地趋近Deevey-Ⅱ型指数函数模型,燕山西段介于Deevey Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型之间,但更接近Ⅱ型;燕山山脉软枣猕猴桃居群整体呈现衰退型特征。软枣猕猴桃有较高的保护价值,但其居群数量稀少,自然更新能力较弱,种群未来的生长繁衍不容乐观,应加强关注与保护力度。