组织培养法快速繁殖川乌头种苗

本研究探讨了川乌头组织培养过程中的外植体诱导建立无菌繁殖系;外植体生长分化和增殖培养基的筛选:生根及驯化移栽等关键技术环节,从而使川乌头通过组培快繁实现大规模育苗成为可能.     

紫乌头复合体nrDNA的ITS序列与系统发育分析

对乌头属 Aconitum L. 27个类群的nrDNA ITS序列进行了简约法与邻接法分析,两种方法得到的系统发育树基本一致。乌头亚属subgen. Aconitum 的蔓乌头系 ser. Volubilia 不是一个单系类群,显柱乌头系 ser. Stylosa 与兴安乌头系ser. Ambigua 各自作为单系类群也没有得到支持。特产于云南西北部横断山区的一些种之间存在非常近的系统发育关系,说明这些种可能是近期物种形成的产物。紫乌头 A. delavayi 复合体的不同类群在系统发育树上位     

甘青乌头的生物碱

从甘青乌头 (AconitumTanguticum(Maxim)Stapf.)中分出五个生物碱 ,其中一个为新生物碱 ,命名为Tangutimine ,四个为已知生物碱 ,分别为 :Hetisinone、Talatizamine、Atisine、Hordeine。经IR ,MS ,1H和13 CNMR以及 2DNMR的测定 ,确定了它们的化学结构。其中Talatizamine、Hetisinone为首次从该植物中分得     

Studies on the stability of diester-diterpenoid alkaloids from the genus Aconitum L. by high performance liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI/MSn)

The stability of diester-diterpenoid alkaloids (DDA) from plants of the genus Aconitum L. has been studied in different solvents and pH buffers. The HPLC/ESIMS method for analysing the concentration of DDA was established and DDA's decomposition products were elucidated by HPLC/ESI-MS/MS(n). In different solvents, e.g. dichloromethane, ether, methanol and distilled water, the decomposition pathways of DDA are quite different and their difference in stabilities depends on the difference of their structures, in which substituents at the N atom and substituents at C-3 are different. The pyrolytic products of DDA, such as deacetoxy aconitine-type alkaloids, have been observed in the above solvents, whereas 8-methoxy-14-benzoyl aconitine-type alkaloids have been obtained only in methanol. Furthermore, the experimental results demonstrate that the stability of DDA depends on pH values of the buffer. Aconine as hydrolysate has been only found in pH 10.0 buffer, and the other hydrolysates and the pyrolyzates of DDA, such as benzoylaconine and deacetoxy aconitine, have been observed in all pH aqueous solutions. The decomposition pathways of DDA in buffers are related to the substituent on the C-3 position. The decomposition pathway of aconitine is similar to that of mesaconitine, but different from that of hypaconitine.     

栾川乌头,河南毛茛科一新种

描述了自河南省发现的毛茛科乌头属一新种——栾川乌头,并给出了此种与近缘种黄花乌头的区别特征。     

辽宁地区产6种乌头(Aconitum)的细胞分类学研究

对我国辽宁地区毛莨科(Ranunculaceae)乌头属(Aconitum) 6个种的染色体的数目和形态进行了研究,并进行了核型分析。其染色体基数为X=8,核型公式为:两色乌头:2n=2x=2m+10sm+4st;蛇岛乌头为:2n=4x=10m+20sm(SAT)+2st+2B;黄花乌头为:2n=4x=4m+12sm(SAT)+8st+1B;北乌头三倍体为:2n=3x=2M+4m+18sm;北乌头4倍体为2n=4x=4m+28sm。同时,对乌头属下某些种的分类学问题进行了探讨。     

乌头根腐病病原菌的分离与鉴定

【背景】四川江油地区栽培乌头极易发生根腐病,植株染病后枯萎死亡,最终影响药材产量。因发病因素和致病菌多样,乌头根腐病的防治向来困难。【目的】鉴定四川江油地区栽培乌头根腐病病原菌,为病害诊断和防治提供理论基础。【方法】采用组织分离法进行病原菌分离;按照Koch’s法则对分离的病菌进行致病性验证;通过形态学观察和真菌r DNA-ITS序列分析,鉴定病原菌种类。【结果】从具有根腐病症状的乌头根部分离得到47株真菌,其中菌株GF3-3、GF3-6和GF6-1是乌头根腐病的致病菌;通过形态特征结合rDNA-ITS序列分析将菌株GF3-3、GF3-6和GF6-1分别鉴定为Fusariumsolani、F.oxysporum和F.proliferatum。【结论】茄腐镰刀菌(F.solani)、尖孢镰刀菌(F. oxysporum)和层出镰刀菌(F. proliferatum)是乌头根腐病的主要病原菌,其中层出镰刀菌引起乌头患根腐病为首次报道。     

Diterpenoid Alkaloids from the Roots of Aconitum kongboense Lauener

Four diterpenoid alkaloids were obtained form the roots of Aconitum kongboense Lauener. Among them, one is a new alkaloid, kongboensine (1), and the structure has been elucidated by spectral evidence. The others were identified as guayewuanine A (2), indaconitine (3) and talatisamine (4) respictevely. 2 and 3 were isolated from this plant for the first time.     

Anomalous Frame of Vessels in the Roots of Aconitum spp.

This paper reports the discovery about a kind of special frame structures consisting of anomalous vessels in the roots from 35 species and varieties of Aconitum. The vessel elements link together assuming the erect, slant and horizontal forms and construct the frame conduit system with certain angles. The results were found by the authors through the histological studies including especially the longitudinal observations in the roots.     

The Chemotaxonomy of Chinese Species of the Genus Aconitum L. (Ranunculaceae)

On the basis of biosynthsis, distribution of diterpenoid alkaloids as well as morphological evolution of Chinese species L. (Ranunculaceae), chemotaxonomy of the genus Aconitum is discussed: 1, Subgen. Lycoctonum, containing lycoctonine-type alkaloids and Subgen. Aconitum containing aconitine-type alkaloids, were probably differetiated at the early stage of evolution of the genus Aconitum and evolved respectively in their own ways. 2, In Subgen. Aconitum: (1) Ser. Bullatifolia, containing mainly atisine-, veatchine-type alkaloids, and amino, alcohol and ester base of aconitine-type, and distributed in Hengduan Mountain and Jingsha River valley, where is the centre of modern differentiation of species of Aconitum, is probably a series from which Chinese species of the genus Aconitum were derived; (2) Ser. Inflata, containing mainly aconitine, mesaconitine and bypaconitine, is an advanced group; (3) Ser. Grsndituberosa, containing mainly aconitine and songorine, is related to Ser. Bulatifolia; (4) Ser. stylosa and Ser. volubilia, containing mainly yunaconitine and other anisyl ester alkaloids form another advanced branch. 3, Ser. Tangutica and A. naviculare of Ser. Rotaundifolia, containing atisine and lactone-type alkaloids may be a specialized group in high mountains and have occurred at early stage of evolution of the genus Aconitum. 4, Subgen. Gymnaconitum, containing atisine-type alkaloids and amino alcohol of aconitine type, may als be a specialized group in high mountains. 5, A. franchetii Finet. et Gagnep. mainly containing ester bases of aconitine-typeand closed to A. chasmanthum Stapf, is best placed into Ser. Ambigua.