乌头营养器官中生物碱组织化学与积累动态研究

应用组织化学、荧光显微观察与生物碱提取技术相结合,研究了成熟的乌头(Aconitum carmichaelii)各营养器官中生物碱的分布及不同生长期生物碱含量的变化。结果表明,生物碱主要分布在主根(川乌)次生韧皮部薄壁组织细胞与束间形成层的外侧细胞以及不定根(附子)和茎基部的内皮层和韧皮部外侧薄壁细胞中,叶中含量极少,主根、不定根和茎中生物碱的含量峰值分别出现在8月、7月和5月,而叶中生物碱含量很低且随时间的变化不明显。     

Preparative isolation and purification of chemical components from Aconitum coreanum by high-speed counter-current chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection

Aconitum coreanum (Lèvl.) Rapaics (Guanbaifu in Chinese) is a widely used, centuries-old Chinese herb. A preparative high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) method was employed for isolation and purification of alkaloids from the crude extract of Aconitum coreanum (Lèvl.) Rapaics using ethyl acetate-n-butanol-methanol-0.2 m HCl (7:2:2:7, v/v) as a two-phase solvent system. Six alkaloids, including GFO, GFQ, GFZ, hetisinone, hetisine and GFAA, were obtained in one-step separation. The purity of these compounds was 97.6, 93.8, 91.8, 91.9, 96.2 and 91.1%, respectively.     

四川毛莨科两新变种

1　彭州岩乌头　新变种　图1图1　彭州岩乌头Ｆｉｇ.1　ＡｃｏｎｉｔｕｍｒａｃｅｍｕｌｏｓｕｍＦｒａｎｃｈｖａｒ.ｐｅｎｇｚｈｏｕｅｎｓｅＷ.Ｊ.ＺｈａｎｇｅｔＧ.Ｈ.ＣｈｅｎＡｃｏｎｉｔｕｍｒａｃｅｍｕｌｏｓｕｍＦｒａｎｃｈ.ｖａｒ.ｐｅｎｇｚｈｏｕｅｎｓｅＷ.Ｊ.ＺｈａｎｇｅｔＧ.Ｈ.Ｃｈｅｎ,ｖａｒ.ｎｏｖ.Ｆｉｇ.1Ａ.ｒｈｏｍｂｉｆｏｌｉｕｍＣｈｅｎｖａｒ.ｐｅｎｇｚｈｏｕｅｎｓｅＷ.Ｊ.ＣｈａｎｇｅｔＧ.Ｈ.ＣｈｅｎｉｎＷｅｓｔＣｈｉｎａＪｏｕｒｎ.Ｐｈａｒｍ.Ｓｃｉｅｎ.10(1):54,ｆｉｇ.2.1995,ｎｏｍ.ｎｕｄ.Ａ…     

卧龙乌头的名实问题

发现卧龙乌头Aconitum wolongense W．T. Wang的模式实际上包含两种植物,即毛果甘青乌头A． tanguticum (Maxim．)Stapf．var．trichocarpum Hand.-Mazz．和展毛大渡乌头A．franchetii Fin.et Gagnep．var．villosum W．T. Wang,故将该种予以归并。     

四川乌头属二新种

描述了自四川西部发现的毛茛科乌头属二新种,细盔乌头和疏叶乌头,并给出其等与近缘种的区别特征。     

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from callus cultures of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall

Plants were obtained via somatic embryogenesis in callus derived from in vitro raised leaf and petiole explants of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. Callus was induced on a Murashige-Skoog medium supplemented with either 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-d 1 mg l^-1) and kinetin (KN 0.5 mg l^-1) with coconut water (CW 10% v/v) or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA 5 mg l^-1) and benzylaminopurine (BAP 1 mg l^-1). Somatic embryos appeared after 2–3 months or 2 subculture passages when 2,4-d or NAA induced source of the callus was transferred to a MS medium containing BAP (1 mg l^-1) and NAA (0.1 mg l^-1). For successful plantlet formation, the somatic embryos were transferred to a medium containing 1/4 strength MS nutrient with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA 1 mg l^-1). Alternatively, the somatic embryos were dipped in a concentrated solution of IBA for 5 min and placed on a hormone free medium. Complete plantlets were formed after 4 weeks and were transferred successfully to soil.CIMAP Publication No. 1020.     

Improvement of Aconitum napellus micropropagation by liquid culture on floating membrane rafts

An efficient method was developed using floating membrane rafts (Liferaft) for the micropropagation of Aconitum napellus (Ranunculaceae), a cut flower crop with a low natural propagation rate. This was achieved by introducing shoot tips into culture on Murashige and Skoog's (1962) solid medium, or liquid medium-supported rafts, supplemented by different levels of benzyl adenine (BA). Optimum shoot proliferation on solid medium required 4mg/l BA, whereas for expiants supported on rafts optimal proliferation was achieved at 0.25mg/l BA. Maximum shoot proliferation was found using the floating rafts (propagation ratio of 4.2 per month), 45% higher than the maximum value on solid medium. A similar value could be obtained on solid medium after a period of 2 months. The optimal response to BA was similar for fresh weight gain and shoot length. Growth in a shallow layer of liquid in shake flasks gives a similar shoot multiplication rate to that on floating rafts; however, submerged leaves brown and die.Abbreviations BA 6-benzylaminopurine - GA₃ Gibberellic acid - IBA indole-3-butyric acid - IAA indole-3-acetic acid - NAA naphthalene acetic acid     

云南乌头属一新种及其B染色体的初步观察

本文描述了云南乌头属一个新种,即土官村乌头Aconitum tuguancunense Q．E．Yang,并对其B染色体进行了观察,发现其B染色体数目不但在同一居群的不同植株间有变化,即使在同一植株中也不稳定。     

紫乌头中的二萜生物碱研究

从紫乌头(Aconitum episcopale Levl.)全草中分离出五个二萜生物碱,其中一个为首次从自然界得到,通过光谱分析鉴定为 deacetylbeterophy-lloidine(?),其余四个化合物分别鉴定为 heterophylloidine(?),song-orine(?),talatisamine(?),14-acetyltalatisamine(?),均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

花葶乌头中的三个新二萜生物碱

从花葶乌头根中分到三个新二萜生物碱成分:花葶乌头宁(scaconine)、花葶乌头碱(scaconitine)及N-去乙酰花葶乌头碱(N-deacetylscaconitine)。经质谱、红外光谱、紫外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱解析及皂化、水解、甲基化、氧化、常法乙酰化及全乙酰化反应验证,其结构分别证明为(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)、及(Ⅲ)。