Habitat use of juvenile white sturgeon in the Kootenai River, Idaho and British Columbia

Ultrasonic telemetry was used to assess habitat features utilized by 36 endangered juvenile white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus, in the lower 120 km of the Kootenai River of Idaho, USA and British Columbia, Canada during the summer and early fall of 1999 and 2000. All 36 fish were initially captured in pools using gillnets and released there, but most of the subsequent telemetry contacts were in glides, indicating these fish moved freely between the two macro-habitats. The low electivity indices indicated little preference between glides and pools. Most contacts were in glides, in the outside bend of the river channel (50), and in or near a visually defined thalweg. Contacts were most often associated with sand substrates and no cover. Physical habitat characteristics (nose [bottom] water velocity, depth, substrate, and cover) were recorded at 168 contact locations. The combination of significantly greater velocities and depths at contact sites vs. non-contact sites (p < 0.01) indicated these fish actively found and used areas of higher velocity and greater depth within the Kootenai River. There was little cover found for fish in the river other than large sand dunes and depth. The combination of depth and nose velocity data supported the idea that large sand dunes are providing refugia in the form of velocity breaks.     

Effect of starvation and refeeding on digestive enzyme activities in sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) and trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The digestive enzyme activities were determined in Adriatic sturgeon and rainbow trout during starvation and refeeding period. Overall, the digestive enzyme activities are affected in the same sense in both species. The protease and lipase activities were decreased later than amylase activity. Even after 1 month of starvation, both species would be prepared to digest protein and lipids in an effective way. After 72 days of starvation, the digestive machinery of the sturgeon and of the trout shows an altered capacity to digest macronutrients. The capacity to digest proteins and lipids, after 60 days of refeeding, begins to become re-established in sturgeon and trout. In contrast, in this period, the capacity to digest carbohydrates remains depressed in both species.     

中华鲟养殖池背角无齿蚌和鲢鳙鱼生态修复效果比较

2009年5月31日-6月20日在广东省大沙河水库利用微型生态系统比较不同放养密度的褶纹冠蚌(Cristaria plicata)和背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)对水体氮、磷及浮游植物的影响,探讨两种蚌在控制南亚热带水库富营养化水体藻类水华上的可行性。实验结果表明,在褶纹冠蚌和背角无齿蚌处理组中,总氮、总磷和叶绿素a浓度显著增加,而铵氮的浓度显著下降;褶纹冠蚌和背角无齿蚌导致了浮游植物群落组成结构的改变和数量的增加,实验过程中绿藻所占的比例迅速上升。两种蚌之间没有显著的差异,只是在不同的作用强度下,时间上的响应不同。综合实验结果,褶纹冠蚌和背角无齿蚌难以有效地运用于我国华南地区水库的水质改善与富营养化控制。     

Mitochondrial DNA variation, effective female population size and population history of the endangered Chinese sturgeon, Acipenser sinensis

The anadromous Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis), mainly endemic to the Yangtze River in China, is an endangered fish species. The natural population has declined since the Gezhouba Dam blocked its migratory route to the spawning grounds in 1981. In the near future, the completion of the Three Gorges Dam, the world's largest hydroelectric project, may further impact this species by altering the water flow of the Yangtze River. Little is currently known about the population genetic structure of the Chinese sturgeon. In this study, DNA sequence data were determined from the control region (D-loop) of the mitochondrial genome of adult sturgeons (n = 106) that were collected between 1995–2000. The molecular data were used to investigate genetic variation, effective female population size and population history of the Chinese sturgeon in the Yangtze River. Our results indicate that the reduction in abundance did not change genetic variation of the Chinese sturgeon, and that the population underwent an expansion in the past. AMOVA analysis indicated that 98.7% of the genetic variability occurred within each year's spawning populations, the year of collection had little influence on the diversity of annual temporary samples. The relative large effective female population size (N _ef) indicates that good potential exists for the recovery of this species in the future. Strikingly, the ratio of N _ef to the census female population size (N _f) is unusually high (0.77–0.93). This may be the result of a current bottleneck in the population of the Chinese sturgeon that is likely caused by human intervention. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

养殖密度对史氏鲟稚鱼生长的影响

养殖密度对史氏鲟生长影响的研究结果表明 ,在养殖密度分别为 0 .2 32、0 .6 6 5、1.34 7和 2 .46 9kg·m-2 的流水环境中 ,各密度组的史氏鲟稚鱼的生长表现为不等速性 ,但生长离散没有加剧 .试验持续 2 8d后 ,各组的生长表现出显著差异 ,生长效率、特定生长率和日增重都随密度的增大而降低 ,而饵料转化率和净增重随密度的增大而增大 .特定生长率 (SGR)与养殖密度 (D)之间存在着显著的负相关     

从线粒体DNA控制区核苷酸序列论达式鲟、亚洲和北美洲中吻鲟的分类地位

尽管古老的鲟形目鱼类的分类及系统演化一直是中外学者感兴趣的研究课题 ,但迄今仍有诸多谜团未解。其中 ,关于亚洲远东地区和北美地区的中吻鲟 (Acipensermedirostris)的分类地位争论已久。长江水系的达式鲟 (A .dabryanus)和中华鲟 (A .sinensis)及其它鲟属 (Acipenser)鱼类之间的亲缘关系近年来也有异议。为了给上述争议提供更多的科学依据 ,作者测定了线粒体DNA (mtDNA)控制区(D loop) 的核苷酸序列 ,并进行了分子系统学和遗传差异分析。研究结果表明 :⑴UPGMA ,NJ和MP分子系统学分析方法以及遗传差异分析都支持了亚洲远东地区中吻鲟和北美中吻鲟为一个有效种的观点 ;⑵同样研究方法并结合相关群体遗传资料表明 ,长江达式鲟与中华鲟关系最近 ,提出了达式鲟为中华鲟的一陆封类群的假说。最后 ,作者认为本文提出的观点和假说还需要更多的研究来证实。     

中华鲟仔鱼初次摄食时间与存活及生长的关系

研究了延迟投饵对中华鲟开口仔鱼存活及生长的影响。初次开口摄食在11—12日龄,13日龄卵黄基本吸收完毕,营养完全依靠外界供给。12日龄后,延迟投喂时间在1—10天的范围内,仔鱼成活率在46.67—73.33％之间,各组间无显著差异;延迟投喂时间为11d,成活率下降至13.3％;延迟投喂时间为12d,成活率为0。此外,延迟投喂时间在8d(20日龄)之内,42日龄后测量,仔鱼体长和体重与对照组无明显差异;延迟投喂超过9d,则体长和体重的指标明显低于对照组。仔鱼不摄食可以存活的最长时间是42日龄,但延迟投喂12天(24日龄)以上即发生不可逆转饥饿,故其饥饿的不可逆点(PNR)是24日龄。     

两种鱼类Sox基因保守区的克隆和Sox9基因保守区内含子的遗传变异性

Sox基因家族是生物个体发育过程中关键的调控因子,尤其在睾丸、神经、肌肉和骨骼等组织分化和发育过程中发挥着重要的作用(Fosteretal.,1 994 ;PevnyandLovell Badge ,1 997;Schepersetal.,2 0 0 0 ;ClarksonandHarley ,2 0 0 2 ;Changetal.,2 0 0 2 ;Monteroetal.,2 0 0 2 ;Ga     

水族馆不同年龄与发育状况的中华鲟呼吸频率及自发游速的观察

对北京海洋馆长期驯养的40尾不同年龄中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)的自发游泳速度和呼吸频率逐尾监测,比较性腺发育进入快速发育阶段(发育至Ⅱ期末至Ⅲ期)9尾的行为变化,为中华鲟安全驯养和健康评价建立依据。40尾个体均≥3龄,其中,3龄个体全长(122±12)cm,体重(8±2)kg(n=8),30龄以上的个体全长(335±8)cm,体重(220±15)kg(n=4)。所有40尾被测中华鲟的平均游泳速度(44.46±5.62)cm/s(范围30~60 cm/s),不同年龄组无显著差异(P0.05);呼吸频率随年龄增长显著下降(P0.05),接近性成熟年龄(17龄)后多处于10~20次/min,低龄组(3~7龄)多处于30~40次/min。性腺进入快速发育阶段个体的游泳速度与呼吸频率显著升高,平均增幅分别达到50%和60%。结果表明,可以按照年龄及发育阶段对中华鲟的游泳速度和呼吸频率分别制定参数值,为健康判断提供评价基础。     

葛洲坝下游中华鲟产卵场的水文状况及其与繁殖活动的关系

国家一级保护动物中华鲟为江海溯河产卵的洄游性鱼类,1981年即葛洲坝截流前,其产卵场分布在金沙江下游和长江上游的约600km江段。葛洲坝水电工程阻断了其产卵洄游通道,调查发现自1982年以来,中华鲟在葛洲坝下游江段的狭小范围成功产卵。对中华鲟繁殖季节葛洲坝下中华鲟产卵场的水温、流速、流量、含沙量和水位等水文数据进行了分析,并对其与中华鲟产卵的关系进行了探讨。结果表明,葛洲坝截流后,宜昌中华鲟产卵场江段10～11月份的月平均流速及11月份的月平均含沙量发生明显变化（P〈0．001）,而月平均水位、流量及水温的变化不明显。多年观察结果显示,中华鲟产卵时,5种水文因子的参数均有一定的变动范围。1983～2004年期问,37次中华鲟产卵时的日平均水温范围为16．10～20．60℃,平均为18．63℃;日平均水位范围为40．69～47．32m（黄海高程）,平均为43．91m;日平均流量范围为7170～26000m^3／s,平均为13908m^3／s;1983～2000年31次中华鲟产卵时的日平均含沙量范围为0．10～1．32kg／m。,平均为0．46kg／m。;日平均流速为0．81～1．98m／s,平均为1．30m／s。分析得到较适宜中华鲟产卵的水温是18．0～20．0℃,流量是14100m^3／s,水位是42．0～45．0m,含沙量是0．2～0．3kg／m^3,底层流速是1．0～1．7m／s。水温是中华鲟产卵的必备条件,水温适宜的情况下,水位、流速和含沙量出现逐渐从高位下降的趋势、而且各水文要素值均达到其适宜范围时,中华鲟即产卵繁殖。三峡工程运行后,下游江段水温的变化可能会对中华鲟的性腺发育和产卵繁殖产生不利影响,而江水含沙量下降对其产卵繁殖较有利。