全文获取类型
收费全文 | 459篇 |
免费 | 40篇 |
国内免费 | 10篇 |
专业分类
509篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 6篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 10篇 |
2020年 | 11篇 |
2019年 | 3篇 |
2018年 | 17篇 |
2017年 | 12篇 |
2016年 | 15篇 |
2015年 | 16篇 |
2014年 | 23篇 |
2013年 | 31篇 |
2012年 | 22篇 |
2011年 | 32篇 |
2010年 | 21篇 |
2009年 | 22篇 |
2008年 | 32篇 |
2007年 | 23篇 |
2006年 | 17篇 |
2005年 | 13篇 |
2004年 | 18篇 |
2003年 | 21篇 |
2002年 | 14篇 |
2001年 | 14篇 |
2000年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有509条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Response of Picea rubens seedlings to intermittent mist varying in acidity, and in concentrations of sulfur-, and nitrogen-containing pollutants 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Jay S. Jacobson Twylene Bethard Laurence I. Heller James P. Lassoie 《Physiologia plantarum》1990,78(4):595-601
Two-year-old red spruce seedlings ( Picea rubens Sarg .) growing in. field chambers were repeatedly exposed to acidic mist with a factorial combination of 3 fluctuating levels of acidity: median pH values of 3.0 (range of 2.5 to 3.5), 3.5 (range of 3.0 to 4.0), and 4.0 (range of 3.5 to 4.5). and 3 ion compositions: sulfate. nitrate and ammonium, and a combination of all 3 ions. The experiment was performed during the growing season over a period of 3.5 months. Mist exposures were intermittent with 5 wet-dry cycles for each 16-h overnight exposure period, Foliar necrosis occurred on seedlings treated with the most acidic mist and was most severe when the mist contained sulfate. At a median pH of 3.5, a value close to that of cloud water occurring in the eastern United States, injury developed with sulfuric acid mist, but not. when the mist contained nitric acid. The combination of high acidity and sulfate significantly decreased volume of aboveground tissues, while high acidity and nitrate increased volume. Root and needle dry weights were not affected. However, high acidity of mist was associated with increased leader shoot length. These results indicate, that there is a risk of foliar injury and changes in growth of red spruce with cloud water at a median acidity of pH 3.5 or below, especially when there are high concentrations of sulfate and low concentrations of nitrate. 相似文献
92.
Keitaro Sou 《生物化学与生物物理学报:生物膜》2008,1778(4):1035-1041
Anionic vesicles containing acidic phospholipids are known complement activators. To clarify which negative physicochemical electrostatic charges on vesicles and structural specificities of acidic lipids are critical to complement activation, the electrostatic properties and activity to complement of two anionic vesicles modified with a carboxylic acid derivative or a conventional acidic phospholipid were compared. Electrophoretic mobility measurements indicated that the negative zeta potential and the electrostatic interactivity of these two anionic vesicles were equal at pH 7.4. However, the infusion of vesicles containing acidic phospholipid induced significant complement activation, while vesicles containing the carboxylic acid derivative failed to activate complement. These results indicate that the negative charge on the surface of vesicles is not critical for the activation complement, suggesting that complement activation is specific to the structure of acidic groups. This finding is likely to be important to the design of anionic biointerfaces and may support the promising medical applications of this anionic vesicle modified with a carboxylic acid derivative. 相似文献
93.
94.
95.
Rayudu Gopalakrishna Usha Gundimeda Sarah Zhou Helena Bui Andrew Davis Thomas McNeill William Mack 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2018,495(1):230-237
Although the function of laminin in the basement membrane is known, the function of soluble “neuronal” laminin is unknown. Since laminin is neuroprotective, we determined whether the soluble laminin-1 induces signaling for neuroprotection via its 67KDa laminin-1 receptor (67LR). Treatment of Neuroscreen-1 (NS-1) cells with laminin-1 or YIGSR peptide, which corresponds to a sequence in laminin-1 β1 chain that binds to 67LR, induced a decrease in the cell-surface expression of 67LR and caused its internalization. Furthermore, intracellular cAMP-elevating agents, dibutyryl-cAMP, forskolin, and rolipram, also induced this internalization. Both soluble laminin-1 and YIGSR induced a sustained elevation of intracellular cAMP under defined conditions, suggesting a causal role of cAMP in the endocytosis of 67LR. This endocytosis was not observed in cells deficient in protein kinase A (PKA) nor in cells treated with either SQ 22536, an inhibitor for adenylyl cyclase, or ESI-09, an inhibitor for the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac). In addition, when internalization occurred in NS-1 cells, 67LR and adenylyl cyclase were localized in early endosomes. Under conditions in which endocytosis had occurred, both laminin-1 and YIGSR protected NS-1 cells from cell death induced by serum withdrawal. However, under conditions in which endocytosis did not occur, neither laminin-1 nor YIGSR protected these cells. Conceivably, the binding of laminin-1 to 67LR causes initial signaling through PKA and Epac, which causes the internalization of 67LR, along with signaling enzymes, such as adenylyl cyclase, into early endosomes. This causes sustained signaling for protection against cell death induced by serum withdrawal. 相似文献
96.
Signaling induced by hop/STI-1 depends on endocytosis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Americo TA Chiarini LB Linden R 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2007,358(2):620-625
The co-chaperone hop/STI-1 is a ligand of the cell surface prion protein (PrP(C)), and their interaction leads to signaling and biological effects. Among these, hop/STI-1 induces proliferation of A172 glioblastoma cells, dependent on both PrP(C) and activation of the Erk pathway. We tested whether clathrin-mediated endocytosis affects signaling induced by hop/STI-1. Both hyperosmolarity induced by sucrose and monodansyl-cadaverine blocked Erk activity induced by hop/STI-1, without affecting the high basal Akt activity typical of A172. The endocytosis inhibitors also affected the sub-cellular distribution of phosphorylated Erk, consistent with blockade of the latter's activity. The data indicate that signaling induced by hop/STI-1 depends on endocytosis. These findings are consistent with a role of sub-cellular trafficking in signal transduction following engagement by PrP(C) by ligands such as hop/STI-1, and may help help unravel both the functions of the prion protein, as well as possible loss-of-function components of prion diseases. 相似文献
97.
98.
Liquefaction is a process for the production of biofuel or value-added biochemicals from non-food biomass. SO3H-, COOH-functionalized and HSO4-paired imidazolium ionic liquids were shown to be efficient catalysts for bagasse liquefaction in hot compressed water. Using SO3H-functionalized ionic liquid, 96.1% of bagasse was liquefied and 50.6% was selectively converted to low-boiling biochemicals at 543 K. The degree of liquefaction and selectivity for low-boiling products increased and the average molecular weight of the tetrahydrofuran soluble products decreased with increasing acidic strength of ionic liquids. Analysis of products and comparative characterization of raw materials and residues suggested that both catalytic liquefaction and hydrolysis processes contribute to the high conversion of bagasse. A possible liquefaction mechanism based on the generation of 3-cyclohexyl-1-propanol, one of the main products, is proposed. 相似文献
99.
Rong Huei Chen Wei Yu Chen Shang Ta Wang Chu Hsi Hsu Min Lang Tsai 《Carbohydrate polymers》2009,78(4):902-907
The objective of this study is to explore the cause(s) of changes in the hydrodynamic volume of chitosan molecules in solutions of different organic acids, at different temperatures and ionic strengths. Change in intrinsic viscosity is used as the parameter to elucidate the causes of changes in the hydrodynamic volume of chitosan molecules in these solutions. Results show that the intrinsic viscosity of chitosan decreases in acetic acid or in malic acid over storage time. These decreases are more pronounced in acetic acid solution than in malic acid solution, more significant in higher temperature than in lower temperature solutions, and greater in solutions without NaCl than in solutions containing higher NaCl. The decrease in intrinsic viscosity can perhaps be attributed to the compounded effects of compaction of the chitosan molecules and/or acidic degradation during storage. 相似文献
100.
Natalia DionisioLetizia Albarrán José J. LópezAlejandro Berna-Erro Ginés M. SalidoRégis Bobe Juan A. Rosado 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular Cell Research》2011,1813(8):1483-1494