东方扁虾精子发生的超微结构

应用电镜技术研究了东方扁虾（Thenus orientalis)精子发生的全过程,精原细胞呈椭圆形,其染色质分布较均匀,线粒体集中于细胞一端形成“线粒体区”。初级精母细胞较大,染色质凝聚成块,次级精母细胞核质间常出现大的囊泡,胞质内囊泡丰富而线粒体数量却明显减少,早期精细胞核发生极化、解聚,部分胞质被抛弃。中期精细胞外观呈金字塔形,分为三区;正在形成的顶体位于塔顶,核位于塔基部,居间的细胞质基质内富含膜复合物,后期精细胞顶体进一步分化。形成顶体帽和内、外顶体物质等三个结构组份。成熟精子核呈盘状或碗状,具有5-6条内部充满微管的辐射臂。     

东方铃蟾消化道5-羟色胺免疫活性细胞的免疫组织化学定位

应用5-HT抗血清,以ABC(avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex)免疫组织化学方法,对东方铃蟾(Bombinaorientalis)消化道内的5-HT免疫活性细胞(5-Hydroxytryptamine immunoreactive cell,5-HT cell)进行了免疫组织化学的定位研究和形态学观察,并探讨其分布型的成因及细胞形态与功能的关系。结果表明,5-HT细胞在东方铃蟾消化道的各个部位均有分布,其中以胃贲门部分布密度为最高:(55.73±10.67)个/mm2;胃幽门部次之:(42.99±5.25)个/mm2;直肠部最低:(6.37±4.78)个/mm2。5-HT细胞的形态多样:圆形、椭圆形、锥体形、长锥体形等,其中食管和直肠以圆形和椭圆形为主,小肠部则以长锥体形为主,其细长突起指向肠腔或固有膜。细胞分布于上皮基部、上皮细胞之间、腺泡上皮细胞之间或固有膜内;胃贲门部、胃体及胃幽门部5-HT细胞主要分布于腺泡上皮之间,也有的分布于胃上皮之间;肠部5-HT细胞主要分布于肠上皮之间。提示了东方铃蟾5-HT细胞分布型的形成与各部位消化功能及其食性和食物组成有关;5-HT细胞形态与其内、外、旁分泌功能是相适应的。     

Growth-inhibiting effects of seco-tanapartholides identified in Artemisia princeps var. orientalis whole plant on human intestinal bacteria

AIMS: The present work aimed at isolating antibacterial constituents from the whole plant of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis active towards nine human intestinal bacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS: The growth-inhibiting activities of materials derived from the Artemisia whole plant towards test bacteria were examined using an impregnated paper disc method. The biologically active constituents of the Artemisia whole plant were characterized as the sesquiterpene lactones seco-tanapartholides A and B by spectroscopic analysis. In a test using 1 mg per disc, seco-tanapartholides A and B produced a clear inhibitory effect against Clostridium perfringens, Bacteroides fragilis and Staphylococcus aureus. These compounds did not affect the growth of test lactic acid-producing bacteria (Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bif. breve, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lact. casei) and Escherichia coli, whereas weak growth inhibition towards Bif. bifidum was observed. At 0.5 mg per disc, seco-tanapartholides A and B exhibited moderate growth inhibition towards Cl. perfringens but weak growth inhibition towards Bact. fragilis and Staph. aureus. CONCLUSIONS: Inhibitory action of seco-tanapartholides A and B towards specific bacteria without any adverse effects on lactic acid-producing bacteria may be an indication of at least one of the pharmacological actions of A. princeps var. orientalis whole plant. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: These naturally occurring Artemisia whole plant-derived materials could be useful as a new preventive agent against various diseases caused by harmful intestinal bacteria such as clostridia.     

Guaiacylglycerol-7'-O-methyl 8'-vanillic acid ether and related compounds from Boreava orientalis

The threo and erythro forms of guaiacylglycerol-7'-O-methyl 8'-vanillic acid ethers, threo and erythro guaiacylglycerol 8'-vanillin ethers, and threo guaiacylglycerol 8'-(4-hydroxymethyl-2-methoxyphenyl) ether have been isolated from fruits of Boreava orientalis. Structural determinations were made on the basis of UV, MS, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectral data, including two-dimensional shift correlation. The relative configurations were assigned on the basis of 1H-NMR chemical shifts.     

东方蝾螈(Cynops orientalis)灯刷染色体的工作图谱

自Gall(1954)采用直接从卵母细胞胚泡取得灯刷染色体进行活体观察方法以来,对许多动物,特别是两栖类动物的灯刷染色体作了详细的研究和比较,并作出了一些工作图谱(working map)。为了在东方蝾螈(Cynops orientalis)开展工作,我们研究了它们的灯刷染色体的形态,并据此绘出了工作图谱。     

陕北南部侧柏生长与生态因子的关系

分别用灰色关联分析、数量化方法Ｉ及多元逐步筛选回归方法分析了陕北南部气候、地形及土壤肥力与侧柏生长的关系,并对不同林分中侧柏的生长做了讨论。结果表明,气候因子中的降水量,地形因子中的坡位对侧柏径生长的影响很大,而坡度的影响主要表现在对侧柏高度生长的影响上。土壤含水量和有机质含量在侧柏林、松柏混交林阶段与侧柏径生长呈显著正相关,栎类树对侧柏生长有显著抑制作用,而松类树对无明显影响。     

对虾体表共栖纤毛虫一新种——拟恩茨聚缩虫(纤毛动物门:缘毛目)

本文报道了共栖于对虾体表的缘毛类纤毛虫一新种,拟恩茨聚缩虫。通过活体观察,蛋白银法及干银法染色对其形态学,口器结构及银线系做了全面研究,并与相似种做了讨论和比较。     

Evidence for domestication of Lens nigricans (M.Bieb.) Godron in S Europe

Evidence for domestication of Lens nigricans (M.Bieb.) Godron in S Europe. Small disjunct populations of the wild lentil Lens nigricans were found in secondary and man-made habitats throughout S Europe. Much larger populations of this species were found in primary habitats in SE Spain, S Italy and along the Adriatic coast of Yugoslavia. The majority of the L. nigricans populations were cytogenetically alike. One population differed from them by one reciprocal translocation, and another two by four chromosomal rearrangements. The L. nigricans accessions from S Europe were invariably cross-incompatible with L. nigricans of the Middle-East and with the cultivated lentil L. culinaris. The latter two were cross-compatible and their hybrids partially fertile. The existence of small L. nigricans populations in man-made habitats was interpreted as escapes from cultivation. Being cross-incompatible with L. culinaris these L. nigricans populations apparently were derived from a domesticated form of L. nigricans.     

东方胎球蚧的生物学特性及防治

东方胎球蚧在长春年生1代,以2龄若虫固着在二年生枝条的芽腋、分枝和不光滑处群集越冬。3月末至4月初开始活动为害。越冬若虫为害盛期为4月下旬至6月初。此时虫体明显膨大。5月下旬至6月上旬为成虫期和卵盛期。7月初起当年若虫自介壳下爬出分散转移到叶片、叶炳和嫩枝上为害,老虫共2龄。调查未见雄虫,均行孤雌生殖。主要天敌有黑缘红飘虫和一种寄生性小峰。当前生产上可在若虫越冬后为害盛期前和当年若虫出壳分散期。因地制宜地用有机磷或合成菊酯类杀虫剂进行常规喷雾。防治效果均较好。     

北京山区侧柏人工林水分利用效率及其影响因素

水分利用效率(WUE)是衡量植物抗旱性的一个重要指标,研究其动态变化及其影响因素能为北京山区植被建设提供参考.本研究基于稳定碳同位素技术,通过测定北京山区侧柏人工林在生长季的水分利用效率,探究气象因子、土壤因子和大气CO₂浓度对侧柏短期WUE的影响.结果表明: 1)侧柏生长季内的短期WUE呈现先降低后增加的变化特征,7月侧柏的短期WUE最低(2.69 mmol·mol^-1),10月侧柏的短期WUE最高(13.88 mmol·mol^-1).2)叶内外水汽压差(VPD)、大气温度(T_a)、土壤湿度(M_s)、空气相对湿度(RH)和大气CO₂浓度(C_a)是植物WUE的影响因素,5个影响因素对侧柏短期WUE变化的累计解释率达89.7%;太阳辐射(R_a)和风速(W_s)与侧柏短期WUE没有显著关系.3)VPD和T_a是影响侧柏短期WUE的主要因素,两者组成的主成分可以解释53.9%的侧柏短期WUE变化,其中VPD对侧柏短期WUE的影响高于T_a;M_s和RH是影响侧柏短期WUE的次要因素,两者组成的主成分可以解释25.4%的侧柏短期WUE变化,其中M_s对植物短期WUE的影响高于RH;C_a对侧柏短期WUE的影响较小,主要由C_a和T_a组成的主成分可以解释10.3%的侧柏短期WUE变化.