东方蝾螈消化道5-羟色胺免疫活性细胞的分布与形态学观察,前插2

采用ABC免疫组织化学方法对东方蝾螈Cynops orientalis消化道内5-羟色胺免疫活性内分泌细胞的分布及形态进行观察.结果显示,5-羟色胺(5-HT)细胞从食管到直肠各段均有分布,其中十二指肠的分布密度最高,空肠次之,幽门和直肠部最低.5-HT细胞形态多样呈圆形、锥体形和梭形等,根据其形态认为东方蝾螈消化道5-HT免疫活性细胞具有内分泌、外分泌两种功能.     

Description of a new cryptic,shallow‐water tonguefish (Pleuronectiformes: Cynoglossidae: Symphurus) from the western North Pacific Ocean

Combined results based on morphological characters and analyses of partial sequences of the 16s rRNA and coI genes confirm the validity of a new, cryptic, symphurine tonguefish from the western North Pacific Ocean. Symphurus leucochilus n. sp., a diminutive species reaching sizes to c. 67 mm standard length, is described from nine specimens that were collected from fish‐landing ports and from trawls made at c. 150 m off Taiwan and Japan. Symphurus leucochilus shares many similar features with those of Symphurus microrhynchus and that of several undescribed species that are morphologically similar to S. microrhynchus. Symphurus leucochilus has also been misidentified as Symphurus orientalis in fish collections because of shared similarities in some aspects of their morphology. The new species differs from all congeners by the following combination of meristic, morphological and pigmentation features: a predominant 1–2–2–2–2 pattern of interdigitation of proximal dorsal‐fin pterygiophores and neural spines; 12 caudal‐fin rays; 89–92 dorsal‐fin rays; 76–80 anal‐fin rays; 49–51 total vertebrae; four hypurals; 75–83 longitudinal scale rows; 32–35 transverse scales; 15–17 scale rows on the head posterior to the lower orbit; absence of a fleshy ridge on the ocular‐side lower jaw and a membranous connection between the anterior nostril and lower part of the eye; a narrow interorbital space and dorsal‐fin origin anterior to the vertical through the anterior margin of the upper eye; absence of both dermal spots at bases of anterior dorsal‐fin rays and melanophores on the isthmus; uniformly yellow to light‐brown ocular‐side colouration without bands; dorsal and anal fins with alternating series of dark rectangular blotches and unpigmented areas; a uniform white blind side and a bluish‐black peritoneum. Despite overall similarities in morphology between S. leucochilus and S. orientalis, as well as between two of the nominal species morphologically similar to S. microrhynchus, analyses of partial 16s rRNA and coI gene sequences show that S. leucochilus, S. orientalis and the two other nominal species represent three distinct lineages within the genus Symphurus.     

木质纤维素水解液副产物对东方伊萨酵母乙醇发酵的影响

为了客观评判耐高温东方伊萨酵母HN-1利用木质纤维素水解液生产燃料乙醇的潜力,本文采用单因素试验和响应面中心组合试验研究了木质纤维素水解液有毒副产物甲酸钠(1.0-5.0 g/L)、乙酸钠(2.5-8.0 g/L)、糠醛(0.2-2.0 g/L)、5-羟甲基糠醛(0.1-1.0 g/L)和香草醛(0.5-2.0 g/L)对其乙醇发酵的影响。结果表明,木质纤维素水解液有毒副产物对东方伊萨酵母HN-1乙醇发酵的影响较小,除添加2 g/L香草醛或添加1 g/L 5-羟甲基糠醛可使乙醇产量分别降低20.38%和11.2%外,其他抑制物的添加对乙醇的生成未有显著影响。但是,当副产物浓度较高时,可以显著抑制菌体生长,添加1-5 g/L甲酸钠、2.5-8.0 g/L乙酸钠、0.4-2 g/L糠醛或0.5-2 g/L香草醛,发酵36 h时菌体细胞干重分别较对照下降了25.04%-37.02%、28.83%-43.82%、20.06%-37.60%和26.39%-52.64%。中心组合试验结果表明各抑制物交互作用对乙醇的生成影响不显著。该研究表明木质纤维素水解液副产物对东方伊萨酵母HN-1乙醇发酵的影响较小,适合用于纤维乙醇发酵。     

金塔柏扦插不定根形成与内源激素的调控研究

金塔柏（Platycladus orientalis ‘Beverleyensis’）是重要的观赏树种。生长素（IAA）、玉米素（ZT）、脱落酸（ABA）和茉莉酸（JA）在金塔柏扦插不定根再生过程中起着重要的调控作用,但不同发育阶段内源激素的动态变化及其对不定根发生的影响仍不清楚。以金塔柏半木质化枝条为材料,采用连续组织切片技术观察了不定根发生过程,利用高效液相色谱串联质谱法检测了4种内源激素含量的动态变化。结果表明,金塔柏不定根原基起源于愈伤组织、髓射线、木质部、维管形成层、次生韧皮部、皮层、髓射线与形成层交界处等部位,属于多位点发生模式和多类型生根方式。在不定根形成过程中,随着愈伤组织的形成,IAA和ZT含量下降,ABA和JA含量升高;随着根原基的分化,IAA和ZT含量缓慢升高,ABA和JA含量下降;随着不定根形成与伸长,IAA、ZT、JA逐渐升高,ABA维持在低水平。激素平衡分析发现,IAA/ABA比值和IAA/JA比值下降、IAA/ZT比值上升利于愈伤组织的形成,反之利于根原基的诱导分化,而IAA/ABA比值升高,IAA/ZT和IAA/JA维持在较低水平利于不定根形成与伸长。研究结果为揭示不同内源激素对金塔柏扦插不定根再生的调节作用提供了依据。     

风信子试管苗芽体培养中的全息现象初探

风信子试管苗,取其芽体及切块在离体培养时存在全息现象,主要表现为,在风信子芽体的不同位置的切段上。不定芽发生的数量和频率呈梯度变化;在风信子芽体的不同大小的切段上,循着切段越小不定芽的分化数越少这一规律变化,这些现象都遵循了生物全息律。适当的激素浓度对全息胚的表现具有一定的促进作用。     

北京山区侧柏人工林水分利用效率及其影响因素

水分利用效率(WUE)是衡量植物抗旱性的一个重要指标,研究其动态变化及其影响因素能为北京山区植被建设提供参考.本研究基于稳定碳同位素技术,通过测定北京山区侧柏人工林在生长季的水分利用效率,探究气象因子、土壤因子和大气CO₂浓度对侧柏短期WUE的影响.结果表明: 1)侧柏生长季内的短期WUE呈现先降低后增加的变化特征,7月侧柏的短期WUE最低(2.69 mmol·mol^-1),10月侧柏的短期WUE最高(13.88 mmol·mol^-1).2)叶内外水汽压差(VPD)、大气温度(T_a)、土壤湿度(M_s)、空气相对湿度(RH)和大气CO₂浓度(C_a)是植物WUE的影响因素,5个影响因素对侧柏短期WUE变化的累计解释率达89.7%;太阳辐射(R_a)和风速(W_s)与侧柏短期WUE没有显著关系.3)VPD和T_a是影响侧柏短期WUE的主要因素,两者组成的主成分可以解释53.9%的侧柏短期WUE变化,其中VPD对侧柏短期WUE的影响高于T_a;M_s和RH是影响侧柏短期WUE的次要因素,两者组成的主成分可以解释25.4%的侧柏短期WUE变化,其中M_s对植物短期WUE的影响高于RH;C_a对侧柏短期WUE的影响较小,主要由C_a和T_a组成的主成分可以解释10.3%的侧柏短期WUE变化.     

水麻果多酚的提取纯化及其抗氧化、抗肿瘤活性作用

为提取分离水麻果多酚,探索水麻果多酚的抗氧化及抗肿瘤能力。本研究通过单因素试验和正交试验优化水麻果多酚超声提取工艺,使用大孔树脂纯化水麻果多酚,通过测定水麻果多酚的总还原力以及清除·OH、DPPH·、ABTS·的能力来表征其抗氧化活性,以宫颈癌Hela细胞和肺癌A549细胞为抗肿瘤研究对象,测定水麻果多酚的抗肿瘤作用。在最优超声提取工艺条件下,即乙醇浓度为60%,料液比为1∶30,超声功率200 W,超声温度为70℃,提取时间为40 min,水麻果多酚得率为3. 29%,纯化产物总酚含量为40. 47 mg/100 mg,水麻果多酚的总还原力与维生素C相当,对·OH、DPPH·、ABTS·均具有显著清除作用,可抑制Hela细胞和A549细胞的生长增殖,并导致癌细胞产生大量活性氧,出现凋亡形态特征。该提取工艺简单、高效且多酚得率高,提取物经大孔树脂纯化后总多酚含量显著提高,且具有显著的抗氧化和抗肿瘤活性。     

Sap flow characteristics and its responses to precipitation in Robinia pseudoacacia and Platycladus orientalis plantations

Aim In the loess hilly region, drought stress frequently occurs during the late spring and early summer as a result of insufficient water supply and asynchronous changes between temperature and precipitation. Our objective was to quantify the characteristics of water-consumption through transpirations and their responses to precipitation in the dominant plantations in this region. Methods Thermal dissipation probe (TDP) was used to measure the sap flow density (F_d) of Robinia pseudoacacia and Platycladus orientalis from April through October in 2009 in Ansai National Ecological Experimental Station. Environmental variables, including meteorological factors and soil water content, were simultaneously measured. Important findings The diurnal variation of F_d exhibited a single-peak curve during the growing season of R. pseudoacacia and P. orientalis. The maximum F_d was three times greater in R. pseudoacacia (0.12068 m³·m^-2·h^-1) than that in P. orientalis (0.03737 m³·m^-2·h^-1). Except in the rapid-growth season (July to August), the F_d of these two species during the post-precipitation period were significantly higher than that during the pre-precipitation period. The F_d of P. orientalis and R. pseudoacacia was well fitted with transpiration (VT), an integrated index calculated from both vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and solar radiation (R_s), using an exponential saturation function. Generally, F_d increased in response to rising VT, while these values tended to be stable when VT reached about 50 kPa (W·m^-2)^1/2. Furthermore, R. pseudoacacia showed more sensitive to precipitation (p < 0.001) than P. orientalis, according to different hydraulic conductance model coefficients (fitting parameter b) between pre- and post-precipitation periods. Therefore, R. pseudoacacia could be considered as a precipitation-sensitive species, while P. orientalisasa precipitation-insensitive species. Through analyzing the different responses of plantation species to precipitation in the loess hilly region, this study provides a scientific basis for the local plantation management from the aspect of tree water use during ecological restoration.