测量误差模型中变差系数的性质研究

本文对测量误差模型参数估计的变差系数的性质进行了初步研究.本文结果对参数估计分布性质,特别是分布的离散程度的研究有重要应用价值.     

公立医院病人安全文化影响因素量表开发及筛选研究

目的 构建病人安全文化影响因素量表,评价量表的信度、效度。方法 收集条目,聘请专家评审,用初始量表进行预调研,修改形成应用版量表。采取整群抽样的方法进行调研。采用SPSS17.0、EXCEL2007对数据进行分析,结合多种统计方法对条目进行分析和筛选;评价量表效度采用因子分析以及量表编制的过程;应用克朗巴赫α系数、分半信度及重测信度评价量表的信度。结果 应用专家咨询法以及统计方法对量表条目进行筛选,得到49个条目。各维度的内部一致性良好（＞0.7）,分半信度和重测信度的结果良好,对量表进行因子分析以及内容效度的评估,结果显示效度指标良好。结论 量表具有较好的敏感性,区分性,独立性,代表性以及一致性,具有良好的信度和效度。

     

Social jetlag affects subjective daytime sleepiness in school-aged children and adolescents: A study using the Japanese version of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS-J)

The aim of this study was to elucidate the level of daytime sleepiness in Japanese school-aged children and adolescents, and to examine associated factors including sleep loss and social jetlag using the Japanese version of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS-J). After the linguistic validation of the PDSS-J with a multi-step translation methodology, consisting of forward translation, back translation, expert review and cognitive debriefing interviews, we conducted a psychometric validation for 492 students aged 11–16 years (46.7% boys) of public elementary school, junior high school and high school, using the PDSS-J, the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), and bedtimes and wake-up times on school days and free days. Internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) of the PDSS-J was 0.77, and the test–retest reliability demonstrated by the intraclass coefficient was 0.88. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that both short sleep duration and social jetlag were identified as factors associated with daytime sleepiness, after adjustment for age and sex. PDSS-J scores were significantly higher in the group with large social jetlag with or without sufficient sleep duration than in the group with sufficient sleep duration and small social jetlag. The PDSS-J is an important tool for assessing daytime sleepiness, given its ease of administration and robust psychometric properties. The impact of not only sleep loss but also social jetlag on daytime sleepiness among school-aged children and adolescents must be fully taken into account.     

Reliability criteria of a bioassay using rats trained to detect estrus-specific odor in cow urine

An odor discrimination apparatus was used to quantify the reaction of rats against odor differences of estrous and diestrous urine of cows. Rats were trained to release impulses from a microswitch when they came into contact with estrous but not diestrous urine. After training, the discrimination ability was highly significant (P≤ 0.001) between both urine types. The reaction was specific for cow urine, and no significant discrimination occurred for estrous and diestrous urine from pigs or goats, or that of women. The discrimination of urine diluted with water was still highly significant up to 1:25. Another group of rats was trained to detect camphor. Decreasing concentrations were detected down to 0.1/ug/ml when diluted in water, and down to 1/ug/ml when diluted in estrous urine. Once trained to discriminate between estrous and diestrous urine, rats maintained this ability for 12 mo. Thus, a bioassay was set up to accompany fractionation steps in the laboratory which could lead to the isolation of estrous pheromones in cow urine.     

Age determination in the blackfly Simulium woodi, a vector of onchocerciasis in Tanzania

Abstract. Age-dependent changes in the ovarioles of Simulium woodi (Diptera: Simuliidae) and the age structure of a wild population of this species in the Amani hills of north-eastern Tanzania were studied using the ovarian oil injection technique. Contrary to previous theories, egg sacs degenerate completely and do not form dilatations. The physiological age of the females could be determined only by gonotrophic dilatations formed from degenerating follicles during gonotrophic cycles. In individual females, the proportions of ovarioles with degenerating follicles were 3–54% (mean 22%) in the first cycle and 8–61% (mean 36%) in the second gonotrophic cycle. Agonotrophic degenerating follicles occurred in 2% of ovarioles in 12% of females. Additional information with regard to the degree of parity is given by the level of granulation in the basal body of each ovariole, a group of six to eight cells in the calyx wall enclosed by the end of the ovariolar sheath. Their granulation progressively increased in intensity following each subsequent ovulation.     

Formation of Schiff-base for photoreaction mechanism of red shift of GFP spectra

We have proposed the formation of Schiff-base between R96 and chromophore (CRO) to elucidate the reaction mechanism for the irreversible red shift of green fluorescent protein (GFP) spectra under the absence of oxygen. The difference between absorption energies of reactant and product for our GFP models with CIS(D)/6-31G* level is 0.21 eV, which is in reasonable agreement with the corresponding experimental value of 0.25 eV. We have suggested the irreversible photoreaction mechanism, where the CRO excited from ground (S₀) state to first excited singlet (S₁) state immediately turns to the first excited triplet (T₁) state, and the nucleophilic addition reaction occurs on the T₁ state.     

Genetic polymorphism and evolution in parthenogenetic animals

Summary The enzyme gene variability within parthenogenetic clones of Acyrtosiphon pisum has been followed by gel electrophoresis. No variation was observed within any clone. One enzyme locus was found to vary between clones. No evidence was found to support gene recombination due to the alleged endomeiosis. This hypothesis is proven to be also theoretically untenable. The low average heterozygosity in aphids is explained as a result of directional selection operating upon the parthenogenetic aphid clones, as a consequence of which the heterozygosity is lowered.Dedicated to Professor Friedrich Mechelke on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday     

Predicting spike timing of neocortical pyramidal neurons by simple threshold models

Neurons generate spikes reliably with millisecond precision if driven by a fluctuating current—is it then possible to predict the spike timing knowing the input? We determined parameters of an adapting threshold model using data recorded in vitro from 24 layer 5 pyramidal neurons from rat somatosensory cortex, stimulated intracellularly by a fluctuating current simulating synaptic bombardment in vivo. The model generates output spikes whenever the membrane voltage (a filtered version of the input current) reaches a dynamic threshold. We find that for input currents with large fluctuation amplitude, up to 75% of the spike times can be predicted with a precision of ±2 ms. Some of the intrinsic neuronal unreliability can be accounted for by a noisy threshold mechanism. Our results suggest that, under random current injection into the soma, (i) neuronal behavior in the subthreshold regime can be well approximated by a simple linear filter; and (ii) most of the nonlinearities are captured by a simple threshold process.