Effect of retinyl acetate on transglutaminase 2 activity in carcinogen treated rat liver

Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) has been implicated in wound healing, cellular differentiation, apoptosis and cell survival. TG2 activity increases following acute and chronic liver injury; however, the role of TG2 in tumors, is controversial. TG2 is a retinoid-inducible enzyme. We investigated the effects of retinyl acetate (RA) on the activity and levels of TG2 during the initiation and promotion stages of liver cancer. p-Dimethylaminoazobenzene (p-DAB) was used as initiator and 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was used as promoter in our model of carcinogenesis. Rats were divided into four groups of 24: control, corn oil control, p-DAB + TCDD, and p-DAB + TCDD + RA. Six rats from each group were sacrificed at days 30, 60, 90 and 120. TG2 activity decreased in the p-DAB + TCDD treated group, but TG2 immunostaining scores did not change by days 90 and 120. Neither TG2 enzyme activity nor the immunostaining score of TG2 protein changed in the tissues of the p-DAB + TCDD + RA group by days 90 and 120. TG2 activity was not be ameliorated by RA during the initiation or promotion stages of carcinogen induced liver cancer.     

毛梗豨莶乙酸乙酯部位化学成分及生物活性研究

毛梗豨莶草(Siegesbeckia glabresce)的乙酸乙酯萃取部位具有显著的抑制细胞坏死性凋亡(necroptosis)的活性。为明确毛梗豨莶草的活性成分,该研究采用正相硅胶柱色谱谱(二氯甲烷∶甲醇20∶1～0∶1)、反相ODS柱色谱(30%～100%甲醇)、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、重结晶等方法对毛梗豨莶草乙酸乙酯萃取部位进行了化学成分分离和纯化,并根据理化性质和波谱数据进行了结构鉴定。结果表明:从毛梗豨莶乙酸乙酯部位分离并鉴定了9个化合物,分别为3,7-二甲氧基槲皮素(1)、芹菜素(2)、奥卡宁(3)、okanin-4’-O-β-D-6″-trans-p-coumaroylglucoside(4)、1H-Indole-3-carbaldehyde(5)、对羟基苯甲醛(6)、3,5-二甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲醛(7)、3,4-divanillyltetrahydrofuran(8)、buddlenol D(9)。除化合物1和化合物6外,其余7个化合物均为首次从豨莶属植物中分离得到。     

Mitogens for murine embryo cell lines

The growth-promoting activities of fetal bovine serum, cortisol, phorbol myristate acetate, prostaglandin F2α, insulin, epidermal growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor were evaluated on four murine embryo cell lines (Swiss 3T3, Balb 3T3, M2, and C3H10T1/2). Each cell had an unique response spectrum to this collection of reported mitogens. Phorbol myristate acetate and prostaglandin F2α were active only on selected cell lines; cortisol was inactive on all four lines. Serum, epidermal growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor were able to stimulate cell division in all four lines, albeit to varying degrees for the different target cells.     

Toward a Reversible Mn4+/Mn2+ Redox Reaction and Dendrite‐Free Zn Anode in Near‐Neutral Aqueous Zn/MnO2 Batteries via Salt Anion Chemistry

Rechargeable aqueous Zn/MnO₂ batteries are very attractive large‐scale energy storage technologies, but still suffer from limited cycle life and low capacity. Here the novel adoption of a near‐neutral acetate‐based electrolyte (pH ≈ 6) is presented to promote the two‐electron Mn⁴⁺/Mn²⁺ redox reaction and simultaneously enable a stable Zn anode. The acetate anion triggers a highly reversible MnO₂/Mn²⁺ reaction, which ensures high capacity and avoids the issue of structural collapse of MnO₂. Meanwhile, the anode‐friendly electrolyte enables a dendrite‐free Zn anode with outstanding stability and high plating/stripping Coulombic efficiency (99.8%). Hence, a high capacity of 556 mA h g^?1, a lifetime of 4000 cycles without decay, and excellent rate capability up to 70 mA cm^?2 are demonstated in this new near‐neutral aqueous Zn/MnO₂ battery by simply manipulating the salt anion in the electrolyte. The acetate anion not only modifies the surface properties of MnO₂ cathode but also creates a highly compatible environment for the Zn anode. This work provides a new opportunity for developing high‐performance Zn/MnO₂ and other aqueous batteries based on the salt anion chemistry.     

低钙透析液联合醋酸钙对血液透析患者高磷血症的影响

目的：研究低钙透析液联合醋酸钙治疗对血液透析患者血磷、血钙及甲状旁腺激素iPTH水平的影响。方法：将30例维持性血液透析患者随机分为试验组和对照组,在试验期间所有患者均低磷饮食,两组透析液钙浓度均为1．25mmol／L,试验组同时给予醋酸钙治疗,对照组不应用醋酸钙治疗,三个月后观察和比较两组患者的血钙、血磷及血iPTH水平的变化。结果：治疗前,两组各组血磷、血钙、血磷和血iPTH的水平比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。治疗后,对照组血钙水平明显下降（P〈0．05）,血iPTH水平略上升但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,血磷水平无显著变化（P〉0．05）;试验组血iPTH水平略下降（P〉0．05）,血钙水平无明显变化（P〉0．05）,但血磷明显下降（P〈0．05）;且试验组血磷水平较对照组明显下降（P〈0．05）,血钙水平显著高于对照组（P〈O．05）,但在正常范围内,两组血iPTH水平比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：低钙透析液联合醋酸钙治疗可有效降低血液透析患者的血磷水平,且不会导致高钙血症的发生。     

夜间收集趋光性昆虫的方法

在昆虫种类和多样性调查时,需要简便快捷地收集昆虫标本,尤其要保证其完整性。为此目的现介绍1种收集灯下趋光性昆虫的方法。在收集桶内的底部放上1cm厚的泡沫塑料,滴入乙酸乙酯到泡沫塑料上吸附适量即可。在收集桶口蒙盖1块白布,用手压白布的中心至桶底部药液上方2～3cm处,并把露在桶外部的白布用皮筋勒紧在桶的外壁上,使桶中的白布不能自由升降。然后把收集桶与引诱装置结合,趋光性昆虫一旦落入桶中的白布里,就会被乙酸乙酯熏醉,渐渐行动力减弱,直至醉死。该方法相对于以往方法,收集到的昆虫标本完整度高、可利用性好,并且操作过程的安全性、效率性、简便性、经济性等方面都有所改进。     

棘托竹荪乙酸乙酯提取物的化学成分研究

用乙酸乙酯对棘托竹荪进行常温和80℃高温提取,得率为2.11%,3.79%,应用GC-MS对提取物的化学成分进行研究,用FFAP柱分离,质谱法鉴定出58种成分,其主要成分为：有机酸、酮、酯、倍半萜、杂环化合物,醛,酚,胺等。     

Antioxidant activity of compounds from the medicinal herb Aster tataricus

A number of compounds were isolated from the medicinal plant Aster tataricus including shionone, epifriedelinol, quercetin, kaempferol, scopoletin, emodin, aurantiamide acetate and 1,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-anthraquinone. The compounds were compared with regard to their ability in inhibiting hemolysis of rat erythrocytes induced by 2'-2' azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride, lipid peroxidation using the FeSO(4)-ascorbic acid system, and generation of superoxide radicals using a phenazine methosulfate-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide system. The effects on the Fe-bleomycin-induced DNA damage reflected pro-oxidant activity. Quercetin and kaempferol were most potent in inhibiting hemolysis, lipid peroxidation and superoxide radical generation. Scopoletin and emodin were similar to quercetin and kaempferol in inhibiting superoxide radical generation and second to them in inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Aurantiamide acetate exhibited some inhibitory activity toward superoxide radical generation. 1,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-anthraquinone exerted an inhibitory activity only on superoxide radical generation. Shionone and epifriedelinol did not display any antioxidant activity. Quercetin and kaempferol, but not the remaining compounds, exhibited some pro-oxidant activity.     

岩黄连乙酸乙酯部位化学成分及其抗炎活性研究

为研究岩黄连的化学成分及其抗炎活性，该研究采用硅胶、MCI、Sephadex LH-20、制备型高效液相色谱等方法对岩黄连95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位进行分离和纯化，通过核磁共振波谱(NMR)、高分辨质谱(HR-MS)等谱学手段鉴定其结构，同时采用脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7建立体外炎症筛选模型，并评价其抗炎活性。结果表明：从岩黄连乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位中分离并鉴定了13个化合物，分别为黄连碱(1)、盐酸小檗碱(2)、文殊兰新碱(3)、甲基小檗碱(4)、脱氢卡维丁(5)、左旋四氢巴马汀(6)、药根碱(7)、紫堇定(8)、反式阿魏酸酰对羟基苯乙胺(9)、对苯二甲酸二丁酯(10)、山奈酚(11)、异地芰普内酯(12)、地芰普内酯(13)。其中，化合物3、4、8-13为首次从该植物中分离获得；化合物4、9、11对LPS诱导巨噬细胞RAW264.7产生炎症因子NO均具有良好的抑制作用，半抑制浓度(IC₅₀)值分别为(18.8±0.2)、(29.1±0.3)、(18.0±0.1)μmol·L^-1,优于阳性对照吲哚美辛，在抗...