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101.
Silvia Ravera Sara Ferrando Dimitrios Agas Nicola De Angelis Mirco Raffetto Maria G. Sabbieti Antonio Signore Stefano Benedicenti Andrea Amaroli 《Journal of biophotonics》2019,12(9)
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a non‐plant‐cell manipulation through a transfer of energy by means of light sources at the non‐ablative or thermal intensity. Authors showed that cytochrome‐c‐oxidase (complex IV) is the specific chromophore's target of PBM at the red (600‐700 nm) and NIR (760‐900 nm) wavelength regions. Recently, it was suggested that the infrared region of the spectrum could influence other chromospheres, despite the interaction by wavelengths higher than 900 nm with mitochondrial chromophores was not clearly demonstrated. We characterized the interaction between mitochondria respiratory chain, malate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme of Krebs cycle, and 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in the β‐oxidation (two mitochondrial matrix enzymes) with the 1064 nm Nd:YAG (100mps and 10 Hz frequency mode) irradiated at the average power density of 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25 and 1.50 W/cm2 to generate the respective fluences of 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 J/cm2. Our results show the effect of laser light on the transmembrane mitochondrial complexes I, III, IV and V (adenosine triphosphate synthase) (window effects), but not on the extrinsic mitochondrial membrane complex II and mitochondria matrix enzymes. The effect is not due to macroscopical thermal change. An interaction of this wavelength with the Fe‐S proteins and Cu‐centers of respiratory complexes and with the water molecules could be supposed. 相似文献
102.
Summary The actions of cyclic AMP are subject to several levels of post-receptor modulation in cardiac tissue. Isoproterenol and prostaglandin E1 both stimulate cAMP accumulation, but only isoproterenol causes activation of particulate cAMP-dependent protein kinase, leading to activation of phosphorylase kinase and glycogen phosphorylase, and inhibition of glycogen synthase. Through the use of isolated, adult ventricular myocytes, we have determined that the hormone-specific activation of glycogen phosphorylase is due to subcellular compartmentation of cAMP. There is some evidence that cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, whose activity is stimulated by alpha1-adrenergic agonists in isolated myocytes, may have a role in compartmentation. Phosphoinositide hydrolysis is stimulated by alpha, and muscarinic agonists, presumably leading to activation of protein kinase C, which in turn has multiple effects on hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase.Abbreviations cAMP
Adenosine-3,5-Cyclic Monophosphate
- cGMP
Guanosine-3,5-Cyclic Monophosphate
- Gi, GS
Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins linked to inhibition and stimulation, respectively, of adenylate cyclase
- GTP
Guanosine-5-triphosphate
- PDE
Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase
- PGE1
Prostaglandin E1 相似文献
103.
ATP synthases are motor complexes comprised of F0 and F1 parts that couple the proton gradient across the membrane to the synthesis of ATP by rotary catalysis. Although a great deal of information has been accumulated regarding the structure and function of ATP synthases, their motor functions are not fully understood. For this reason, we performed the alignments and analyses of the protein sequences comprising the core of the ATP synthase motor complex, and examined carefully the locations of the conserved residues in the subunit structures of ATP synthases. A summary of the findings from this bioinformatic study is as follows. First, we found that four conserved regions in the sequence of subunit are clustered into three patches in its structure. The interactions of these conserved patches with the and subunits are likely to be critical for energy coupling and catalytic activity of the ATP synthase. Second, we located a four-residue cluster at the N-terminal domain of mitochondrial OSCP or bacterial (or chloroplast) subunit which may be critical for the binding of these subunits to F1. Third, from the localizations of conserved residues in the subunits comprising the rotors of ATP synthases, we suggest that the conserved interaction site at the interface of subunit c and (mitochondria) or (bacteria and chloroplasts) may be important for connecting the rotor of F1 to the rotor of F0. Finally, we found the sequence of mitochondrial subunit b to be highly conserved, significantly longer than bacterial subunit b, and to contain a shorter dimerization domain than that of the bacterial protein. It is suggested that the different properties of mitochondrial subunit b may be necessary for interaction with other proteins, e.g., the supernumerary subunits. 相似文献
104.
Kazuhiko Yoshida Junko Imaki Hidehiko Matsuda † Masatoshi Hagiwara 《Journal of neurochemistry》1995,65(4):1499-1504
Abstract: The signal pathway for light-induced expression of c- fos and the neuropeptide somatostatin (SS) in rat retinal cells was investigated. Flashing light induced c- fos and SS mRNA in the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer. As both c- fos and SS genes have a cyclic AMP response element (CRE) in their promoters, CRE-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in retinal cells was examined with a phospho-CREB-specific antibody. Both flashing light and administration of the L-type Ca2+ channel activator Bay K 8644 induced phosphorylation of CREB in the nuclei of the amacrine cells and the ganglion cells where c- fos /SS mRNAs were expressed. These cells could be double-stained with anti-calmodulin kinase II (anti-CaM kinase II) monoclonal antibody and phospho-CREB-specific polyclonal antiserum after Bay K 8644 administration, indicating the colocalization of phosphorylated CREB at Ser133 and CaM kinase II in the neural retina. 相似文献
105.
用共聚焦显微镜观察ACh及ATP对豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞Ca^2+的调控 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜研究了一般公认的耳蜗传出神经递质乙酰胆碱(ACh)和三磷酸腺苷(ATP)对豚鼠耳蜗外毛细胞(OHCs)胞内游离Ca^2+浓度(Ca^2+)的作用,OHCs用Ca^2+敏感荧光染料Fluo-3着色,胞内Ca^2+的分布以细胞底部稍强。ACh在OHC底部引起Ca^2+的缓慢上长并维持在一个较高水平。ATP在整个OHC引起一个急剧的Ca^2+升高,升高幅度在OHC顶部最大。随着AT 相似文献
106.
In the untransformed rice (WT) and transgenic rice with the PEPC and PPDK genes (CK) we determined activities of C4 photosynthetic enzymes, photosynthetic response to irradiance and temperature, the metabolic index of active oxygen, and
the yield component factors. The activities of C4 photosynthetic enzymes in WT were very low, while those of corresponding enzymes in CK were highly observable. Moreover,
after adenosine triphosphate (ATP) treatment, and under high irradiance and high temperature, the net photosynthetic rate
of CK increased by 17 and 12 %, respectively, as compared to that achieved without ATP treatment. The resistance of CK against
photo-oxidation was enhanced under these conditions, and CK yield increased by 15 %. ATP treatment enhanced the photosynthetic
productivity of CK, thereby proving that ATP is the key factor in enhancing the photosynthetic capacity of transgenic rice
with C4 gene. Our new technical approach can be used in breeding rice with high photosynthetic efficiency and high grain yield. 相似文献
107.
Malyan AN 《Biochemistry. Biokhimii?a》2005,70(11):1245-1250
The binding of ADP and ATP to noncatalytic sites of dithiothreitol-modified chloroplast ATP synthase was studied. Selective
binding of nucleotides to noncatalytic sites was provided by preliminary light incubation of thylakoid membranes with [14C]ADP followed by its dissociation from catalytic sites during dark ATP hydrolysis stimulated by bisulfite ions (“cold chase”).
Incorporation of labeled nucleotides increased with increasing light intensity. Concentration-dependent equilibrium between
free and bound nucleotides was achieved within 2–10 min with the following characteristic parameters: the maximal value of
nucleotide incorporation was 1.5 nmol/mg of chlorophyll, and the dissociation constant was 1.5 μM. The dependence of nucleotide
incorporation on Mg2+ concentration was slight and changed insignificantly upon substituting Ca2+ for Mg2+. Dissociation of nucleotide from noncatalytic sites was illumination dependent. The dissociation kinetics suggested the existence
of at least two nucleotide-binding sites with different dissociation rate constants.
__________
Translated from Biokhimiya, Vol. 70, No. 11, 2005, pp. 1514–1520.
Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2005 by Malyan. 相似文献
108.
Sara Succu Valeria Pasciu Maria E. Manca Sara Chelucci Laura Torres-Rovira Giovanni G. Leoni Angelo Zinellu Ciriaco Carru Salvatore Naitana Fiammetta Berlinguer 《Theriogenology》2014
After cryopreservation, embryos become sensitive to the oxidative stress, resulting in lipid peroxidation, membrane injury, and structural destruction. The present study aimed to assess the effect of increasing concentration of melatonin during postwarming culture on embryo's ability to restore its functions after cryopreservation. In vitro–produced blastocysts were vitrified, warmed, and cultured in vitro in TCM 199 with 5 different supplementations: control (CTR): 10% fetal calf serum; bovine serum albumin (BSA): 0.04% (wt/vol) BSA; and MEL−3, MEL−6, MEL−9: BSA plus melatonin 10−3, 10−6, and 10−9 M. The medium with the highest melatonin concentration had the highest trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, whose values were comparable with those determined in plasma sampled from adult ewes (8.7 ± 2.4 mM). The other media had lower trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity values (P < 0.01), below the range of the plasma. At the same time, embryos cultured with the highest melatonin concentration reported a lower in vitro viability, as evaluated by lower re-expansion and hatching rates, and lower total cell number compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). Their metabolic status was also affected, as evidenced by higher oxidative and apoptotic index and lower ATP concentration. The beneficial effects of melatonin on embryo development during postwarming culture were observed only at low concentration (10−9 M). These results suggest that melatonin at high concentration may exert some degree of toxic activity on pre-implantation embryos. Thus, the dose at which the embryos are exposed is pivotal to obtain the desiderate effect. 相似文献
109.
Ching-Wei Tsai Chang-Hsu Wang Yung Chang Rouh-Chyu Ruaan 《Journal of molecular biology》2009,392(3):837-300
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have attracted much interest in recent years because of their potential use as new-generation antibiotics. Indolicidin (IL) is a 13-residue cationic AMP that is effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi, and even viruses. Unfortunately, its high hemolytic activity retards its clinical applications. In this study, we adopted molecular dynamics (MD) simulations as an aid toward the rational design of IL analogues exhibiting high antimicrobial activity but low hemolysis. We employed long-timescale, multi-trajectory all-atom MD simulations to investigate the interactions of the peptide IL with model membranes. The lipid bilayer formed by the zwitterionic 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) was chosen as the model erythrocyte membrane; lipid bilayers formed from a mixture of POPC and the negatively charged 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol were chosen to model bacterial membranes. MD simulations with a total simulation time of up to 4 μs revealed the mechanisms of the processes of IL adsorption onto and insertion into the membranes. The packing order of these lipid bilayers presumably correlated to the membrane stability upon IL adsorption and insertion. We used the degree of local membrane thinning and the reduction in the order parameter of the acyl chains of the lipids to characterize the membrane stability. The order of the mixed 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol/POPC lipid bilayer reduced significantly upon the adsorption of IL. On the other hand, although the order of the pure-POPC lipid bilayer was perturbed slightly during the adsorption stage, the value was reduced more dramatically upon the insertion of IL into the membrane's hydrophobic region. The results imply that enhancing IL adsorption on the microbial membrane may amplify its antimicrobial activity, while the degree of hemolysis may be reduced through inhibition of IL insertion into the hydrophobic region of the erythrocyte membrane. In addition, through simulations, we identified the amino acids that are most responsible for the adsorption onto or insertion into the two model membranes. Positive charges are critical to the peptide's adsorption, whereas the presence of hydrophobic Trp8 and Trp9 leads to its deeper insertion. Combining the hypothetical relationships between the membrane disordering and the antimicrobial and hemolytical activities with the simulated results, we designed three new IL-analogous peptides: IL-K7 (Pro7 → Lys), IL-F89 (Trp8 and Trp9 → Phe), and IL-K7F89 (Pro7 → Lys; Trp8 and Trp9 → Phe). The hemolytic activity of IL-F89 is considerably lower than that of IL, whereas the antimicrobial activity of IL-K7 is greatly enhanced. In particular, the de novo peptide IL-K7F89 exhibits higher antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli; its hemolytic activity decreased to only 10% of that of IL. Our simulated and experimental results correlated well. This approach—coupling MD simulations with experimental design—is a useful strategy toward the rational design of AMPs for potential therapeutic use. 相似文献
110.
Christian Schwarzer Steven Wong James Shi Elizabeth Matthes Beate Illek Juan P. Ianowski Ryan J. Arant Ehud Isacoff Horia Vais J. Kevin Foskett Isabella Maiellaro Aldebaran M. Hofer Terry E. Machen 《The Journal of biological chemistry》2010,285(45):34850-34863
The ubiquitous bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa frequently causes hospital-acquired infections. P. aeruginosa also infects the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and secretes N-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl)-S-homoserine lactone (3O-C12) to regulate bacterial gene expression critical for P. aeruginosa persistence. In addition to its effects as a quorum-sensing gene regulator in P. aeruginosa, 3O-C12 elicits cross-kingdom effects on host cell signaling leading to both pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. We find that in addition to these slow effects mediated through changes in gene expression, 3O-C12 also rapidly increases Cl− and fluid secretion in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR)-expressing airway epithelia. 3O-C12 does not stimulate Cl− secretion in CF cells, suggesting that lactone activates the CFTR. 3O-C12 also appears to directly activate the inositol trisphosphate receptor and release Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lowering [Ca2+] in the ER and thereby activating the Ca2+-sensitive ER signaling protein STIM1. 3O-C12 increases cytosolic [Ca2+] and, strikingly, also cytosolic [cAMP], the known activator of CFTR. Activation of Cl− current by 3O-C12 was inhibited by a cAMP antagonist and increased by a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Finally, a Ca2+ buffer that lowers [Ca2+] in the ER similar to the effect of 3O-C12 also increased cAMP and ICl. The results suggest that 3O-C12 stimulates CFTR-dependent Cl− and fluid secretion in airway epithelial cells by activating the inositol trisphosphate receptor, thus lowering [Ca2+] in the ER and activating STIM1 and store-operated cAMP production. In CF airways, where CFTR is absent, the adaptive ability to rapidly flush the bacteria away is compromised because the lactone cannot affect Cl− and fluid secretion. 相似文献