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151.
Vincenzo Carelli Felice Liberatore Antonio Casini Rosanna Mondelli Alberto Arnone Italo Carelli Giuseppe Rotilio Irene Mavelli 《Bioorganic chemistry》1980,9(3):342-351
The composition and the structure of the product from the known electrochemical dimerization of the NAD+ have been conclusively demonstrated. A detailed analysis of the 1H and 13C nmr spectra has in fact led to the conclusion that the product contains three diastereoisomeric dimers of the 4,4′-tetrahydrobipyridyl type. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic fraction obtained from a standard mitochondrial preparation of rat liver has been shown to catalyze the oxygen uptake by the dimers. A 1 : 1 molar ratio of the reagents in the redox process is indicated by manometric data on oxygen uptake complemented by spectrophotometric analysis of the oxidized substrates, suggesting that H2O2 is the reduction product. NAD+ was identified as the oxidation product by an enzymatic method. 相似文献
152.
Vytas K. Švedas Alexei L. Margolin Ilya V. Berezin 《Enzyme and microbial technology》1980,2(2):138-144
The equilibrium constants and the respective standard Gibbs energy changes for hydrolysis of some β-lactam antibiotics have been determined. Native and immobilized penicillin amidase (EC 3.5.1.11) from Escherichia coli has been used as a catalyst. The values of standard Gibbs energy changes corresponding to the pH-independent product of equilibrium concentrations (ΔG0c = ? RT ln Kc) have been calculated. The differences in the structure of the antibiotics nucleus hardly ever affect the value of the pH-independent component of the standard Gibbs energy change (ΔG0c) and value of apparent standard Gibbs energy change at a fixed pH (ΔG0′c). At the same time, the value of ΔG0c is more sensitive to the structure of the acyl moiety of the antibiotic; when ampicillin is used instead of benzylpenicillin, ΔG0c increases by ~6.3 kJ mol?1 (1.5 kcal mol?1). pH-dependences of the apparent standard Gibbs energy changes for hydrolysis of β-lactam antibiotics have been calculated. The pH-dependences of ΔG0′c for hydrolysis of all β-lactam antibiotics have a similar pattern. The thermodynamic pH optimum of the synthesis of these compounds is in the acid pH range (pH < 5.0). The breakage of the β-lactam ring leads to a sharp decrease in the ΔG0′c value and a change in the pattern of the pH-dependence. For example, at pH 5.0 ΔG0′c decreases from 14.4 kJ mol?1 for benzylpenicillin to ?1.45 kJ mol?1 for benzylpenicilloic acid. The reason for these changes is mainly a considerable increase in the pK of the amino group of the nucleus of the antibiotic and, as a consequence, a decrease in the component of standard Gibbs energy change, corresponding to the ionization of the system. The thermodynamic potentials of the enzymatic synthesis of semisynthetic penicillins and cephalosporins on the basis of both free acids and their derivatives (N-acylated amino acids, esters) are discussed. It is shown that with esters of the acids, a high yield of the antibiotic can, in principle, be achieved at higher pH values. 相似文献
153.
Kanji Izumi Eisuke Munekata Hiroaki Yamamoto Takao Nakanishi Andre Barbeau 《Peptides》1980,1(2):139-146
Effects of taurine or γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on akinesia and analgesia induced by D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide were investigated in rats. Administration of taurine (dose range: 2.375×10?2 M–9.5×10?2 M/10 μl) into the left lateral ventricle 10 min prior to the injection of D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide (50 μg/10 μl) produced a dose-dependent reduction in the duration of akinesia and to some extent of analgesia, as estimated at 30 min and 60 min following the enkephalinamide injection; at the first estimation-time (10 min), taurine did not alter the duration of akinesia or that of analgesia. The median effective dose (ED50) for akinesia determined at 60 min after D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide was 5 times greater and that for analgesia assessed at the same time was 1.7 times greater in taurine-treated rats than the respective doses in control animals. Administration of GABA under similar experimental conditions produced a dose-dependent reduction in the duration of analgesia from the initial estimation time (10 min) following the injection of D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide. The ED50 for analgesia determined at 30 min after D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide was 3 times greater in GABA-treated rats than in control animals. Unlike the effects of taurine, GABA did not alter the duration of akinesia. Neither the duration of akinesia nor that of analgesia was modified by taurine or GABA alone in rats tested 9 min after the injection of each amino acid. These findings suggest that taurine may promote a recovery from both akinesia and analgesia, while GABA decreases only the analgesia induced by D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide. 相似文献
154.
155.
Viburtinal (4-methyl-7-formylcyclopenta(c)pyrane), yet unknown, was obtained by acid hydrolysis of the esters extracted from Viburnum tinus. Its structure was deduced by spectroscopic methods. 相似文献
156.
157.
Mouse lymphoid cells and tumor cell lines were employed as target cells for the investigation of the mechanism of heterocytotoxicity in human serum samples. It was shown that the heterocytotoxic effects were due to two differing mechanisms. Cytotoxicity was mediated in part, by activation of the alternative complement pathway on target cell membrane, a process which was antibody-independent. A second mechanism of cytotoxicity was induced by natural antibodies to a target cell, which probably mediated activation of the classical complement pathway. These data may shed light on the frequently observed cytotoxicity in mammalian sera for various target cells. 相似文献
158.
Treatment of 8-9-day-old C57BL/A mice with a single carcinogenic dose of urethane, at 1.2 mg/g body wt., resulted in an immediate decrease in liver DNA synthesis reaching a maximum at about 16-18 h after injection, the rate of synthesis returning to normal after 48 h. When the nuclear proteins were radiolabelled, the non-histone protein (NHP) fraction showed a significant decrease in specific activity 8-18 h after injection of urethane and slight increase in specific activity after 24 h. Histone and residual proteins did not show any significant change. The liver NHP were analysed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. The latter technique failed to show any distinctive differences but IEF results indicated some quantitative and qualitative changes in protein content and synthesis were induced by the urethane treatment. The most noticeable change in the stained gels was an increase in a protein component having a pI of 7.35 and the appearance of new bands at pI's of 7.85 and 5.55 in the 18 h treated livers. However, the [3H]tryptophan labelling pattern indicated that this was not due to an increased synthesis of these components. 24 h after urethane there appeared to be an increased rate of synthesis of some of the major components of the mixture, particularly at the pI 5.65 region. Histone and residual protein fractions were also analysed by electrophoresis and showed no difference between treated and control livers. 相似文献
159.
160.
Pei-Lu Chiu Peter P. Fu Shen K. Yang 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》1982,106(4):1405-1411
-3,4-, 5,6-, 8,9-, and 10,11-dihydrodiols formed from the metabolism of 7-fluorobenz[a]anthracene by rat liver microsomes were isolated by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Ultraviolet absorption, mass, and NMR spectral analyses indicated that the 5,6- and 8,9-dihydrodiols were preferentially in quasi-diaxial conformations, whereas the 3,4- and 10,11-dihydrodiols were preferentially in quasi-diequatorial conformations. CPK space-filling models suggest that the quasi-diaxial conformation is primarily the result of electronic repulsion between the fluorine and the hydroxyl oxygen. These findings provide a structural basis in the interpretation of the carcinogenic potencies of some fluorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 相似文献