Polysaccharides of the cellular slime mold II. Change of intra- and extracellular polysaccharides during growth phase of Dictyostelium discoideum NC-4

The three intra- and extracellular polysaccharide fractions were isolated during the growth phase of Dictyostelium discoideum NC-4, and the change in content of component sugars of four fractions during the culture period was examined. Myxamoebae most extensively contain a polysaccharide fraction extracted with phenol-water (polysaccharide fraction I) in a quantity of about 15–23% per dry cell. After 15 h the uronic acid formed in the polysaccharide fraction I, and the cell, could be aggregated. The glucosamine content in the polysaccharide fraction I reached a maximum as the myxamoebae entered the exponential phase, and a large amount of galactose was produced as the cell entered the stationary phase. The phenol-water extract from the cells of the stationary phase was reacted with concanavalin-A.     

桥本甲状腺炎患者血清miR-326、miR-155与甲状腺相关抗体和Th17/Treg细胞因子失衡的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨桥本甲状腺炎（HT）患者血清微小核糖核酸（miR）-326、miR-155与甲状腺相关抗体和辅助性T细胞17（Th17）/调节性T细胞（Treg）细胞因子失衡的相关性。方法：选择2021年1月至2022年10月空军军医大学唐都医院收治的HT患者82例作为研究组，同期接受体检的健康人80例作为对照组，比较两组血清miR-326、miR-155、甲状腺功能参数[促甲状腺激素（TSH）、游离三碘甲状原氨酸（FT₃）、游离甲状腺素（FT₄）]、甲状腺相关抗体[甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体（TPOAb）、甲状腺球蛋白抗体（TGAb）]、Th17、Treg水平及其细胞因子水平，并分析HT患者血清miR-326、miR-155与甲状腺相关抗体和Th17/Treg细胞因子失衡的相关性。结果：研究组TSH、TPOAb、TGAb显著高于对照组，FT₃、FT₄显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组血清miR-326、miR-155表达水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组Th17、Th17/Treg、白细胞介素-17（IL-17）、γ干扰素（IFN-γ）显著高于对照组，Treg、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）水平显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。Pearson相关分析显示，HT患者血清miR-326、miR-155分别与TSH、TPOAb、TGAb、Th17、Th17/Treg、IL-17、IFN-γ呈正相关，与FT₃、FT₄、Treg、IL-10呈负相关（P<0.05）。结论：HT患者血清miR-326、miR-155水平异常升高，其水平与TPOAb、TGAb自身抗体及Th17/Treg失衡相关，血清miR-326、miR-155可能通过影响Th17/Treg免疫平衡，促进HT的发生和发展。     

A fluorescein-labeled derivative of estradiol with binding affinity towards cellular receptors

1,3,5,[10]-Estratriene-3,17β-diol-6-iminooxyacetic acid (I) and fluorescein amine condense in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide to give a fluorescent derivative of estradiol: 9{p-(1′,3′,5′[10′]-Estratriene-3′,17′β-diol-6′-iminooxyacetylamino) o-carboxyphenyl}-6-hydroxy-3-isoxanthenone (II). (II) can be prepared and isolated on a micro scale by thin layer chromatography. The results show that (II) is useful as a probe for estrogen interaction with cellular receptors and with antibody to estradiol.     

miR-20b-5p靶向MAPK1调控脑出血过程中脑微血管内皮细胞铁死亡

摘要 目的：探讨miR-20b-5p对氧糖剥夺（OGD）/Hemin处理的脑微血管内皮细胞（BMVEC）功能的影响及机制。方法：将BMVEC分为Control组、agomir-NC组、agomir-miR-20b-5p组、antagomir-NC组和antagomir-miR-20b-5p组。使用Lipofectamine 2000试剂对细胞进行相应的转染处理。BMVEC转染后，将BMVEC再分为Control组、OGD/Hemin组（O/H组）、OGD/Hemin+agomir-NC组（O/H+agomir-NC组）、OGD/Hemin+agomir-miR-20b-5p组（O/H+agomir-miR-20b-5p组）、OGD/Hemin+antagomir-NC组（O/H+antagomir-NC组）和OGD/Hemin+antagomir-miR-20b-5p组（O/H+antagomir-miR-20b-5p组）。Control组BMVEC正常培养，其他组BMVEC进行OGD/Hemin处理。MTT法检测BMVEC增殖，TUNEL染色检测BMVEC凋亡，Transwell检测BMVEC迁移。使用试剂盒检测超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和丙二醛（MDA）水平。使用Iron Assay试剂盒检测Fe²⁺含量。通过qRT-PCR检测miR-20b-5p和MAPK1 mRNA水平。通过Western blot检测MAPK1、Bax、Bcl-2、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4（GPX4）和前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2（PTGS2）蛋白表达水平。通过免疫荧光染色检测MAPK1的荧光强度水平。结果：与Control组和agomir-NC组比较，agomir-miR-20b-5p组BMVEC中的miR-20b-5p水平升高（P<0.05）。与Control组和antagomir-NC组比较，antagomir-miR-20b-5p组BMVEC中的miR-20b-5p水平降低（P<0.05）。与Control组比较，O/H组BMVEC中的miR-20b-5p水平降低，细胞活力降低，TUNEL阳性率和Bax蛋白表达水平升高，Bcl-2蛋白表达水平降低，迁移数量降低，SOD和GSH-Px活性降低，MDA含量升高，Fe²⁺含量和PTGS2的蛋白表达水平升高，GPX4的蛋白表达水平降低，MAPK1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平以及相对荧光强度升高（P<0.05）。与O/H组和O/H+agomir-NC组比较，O/H+agomir-miR-20b-5p组BMVEC中的miR-20b-5p水平升高，细胞活力升高，TUNEL阳性率和Bax蛋白表达水平降低，Bcl-2蛋白表达水平升高，迁移数量升高，SOD和GSH-Px活性升高，MDA含量降低，Fe²⁺含量和PTGS2的蛋白表达水平降低，GPX4的蛋白表达水平升高，MAPK1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平以及相对荧光强度降低（P<0.05）。与O/H组和O/H+antagomir-NC组比较，O/H+antagomir-miR-20b-5p组BMVEC中的miR-20b-5p水平降低，细胞活力降低，TUNEL阳性率和Bax蛋白表达水平升高，Bcl-2蛋白表达水平降低，迁移数量降低，SOD和GSH-Px活性降低，MDA含量升高，Fe²⁺含量和PTGS2的蛋白表达水平升高，GPX4的蛋白表达水平降低，MAPK1的mRNA和蛋白表达水平以及相对荧光强度升高（P<0.05）。结论：本研究表明上调miR-20b-5p通过抑制OGD/Hemin处理的BMVEC中MAPK1的表达从而抑制了铁死亡途径。     

Steroid modification by filamentous fungus Drechslera sp.: Focus on 7-hydroxylase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities

Fungal strain Drechslera sp. Ph F-34 was shown to modify 3-oxo- and 3-hydroxy steroids of androstane series to form the corresponding allylic 7-alcohols and 17β-reduced derivatives thus evidencing the presence of 7α-, 7β-hydroxylase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) activities. The growing mycelium predominantly hydroxylated androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD) at the 7β-position, while much lower 7α-hydroxylation was observed. Along with 7β-hydroxy-ADD and its corresponding 7α-isomer, their respective 17β-alcohols were produced.In this study, transformation of ADD, androst-4-en-17β-ol-3-one (testosterone, TS) and 3β-hydroxyandrost-5-en-17-one (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA) by resting mycelium of Drechslera sp. have been estimated in different conditions with regard to the inducibility and functionality of the 17β-HSD and 7-hydroxylase enzyme systems. Steroids of androstane, pregnane and cholane series were evaluated as inducers. The inhibitory analysis was provided using cycloheximide (CHX). Steroids were assayed using TLC and HPLC methods, and the structures were confirmed by mass-spectrometry, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy data.17β-HSD of the mycelium constitutively reduced 17-carbonyl group of ADD and DHEA to form the corresponding 17β-alcohols, namely, androsta-1,4-diene-17β-ol-3-one (1-dehydro-TS), and androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol. Production of the 7α- and 7β-hydroxylated derivatives depended on the induction conditions. The inducer effect relied on the steroid structure and decreased in the order: DHEA > pregnenolone > lithocholic acid. β-Sitosterol did not induce hydroxylase activity in Drechslera sp. CHX fully inhibited the synthesis of 7-hydroxylase in Drechslera mycelium thus providing selective 17-keto reduction.Results contribute to the diversity of steroid modifying enzymes in fungi and can be used at the development of novel biocatalysts for production of valuable steroid 7(α/β)- and 17β-alcohols.     

不同神经功能缺损程度急性脑梗死患者Th17/Treg比值、CXCL9、CXCL12、CXCL16的变化及对短期预后的影响

摘要 目的：探讨不同神经功能缺损程度急性脑梗死（ACI）患者辅助性T细胞17（Th17）/调节性T细胞（Treg）比值、趋化因子（CXCL）9、CXCL12、CXCL16的变化及对短期预后的影响。方法：选取2020年4月20日至2021年1月10日期间我院收治的ACI患者96例作为研究对象,根据入院时美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS）评分将患者分为重度组（25例）、中度组（32例）和轻度组（39例）。根据改良Rankin量表（mRS）评分分为预后不良组（31例）和预后良好组（65例）。对比轻度组、中度组和重度组的外周血Th17/Treg比值、血清CXCL9、CXCL12、CXCL16水平;对比预后良好组和预后不良组的外周血Th17/Treg比值、血清CXCL9、CXCL12、CXCL16水平;采用单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析ACI患者预后不良的影响因素。结果：重度组、中度组的外周血Th17/Treg比值、血清CXCL9、CXCL12、CXCL16水平高于轻度组,且重度组高于中度组（P<0.05）。预后良好组的外周血Th17/Treg比值、血清CXCL9、CXCL12、CXCL16水平低于预后不良组（P<0.05）。单因素分析可知,预后不良与性别、年龄、体质量指数（BMI）、吸烟史、饮酒史、冠心病史、疾病梗死部位、治疗方式、发病至入院时间、同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、白细胞计数（WBC）无关（P>0.05）。而与糖尿病史、高血压史、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）、NIHSS评分有关（P<0.05）。糖尿病史、高血压史、LDL-C偏高、颈动脉IMT偏厚、NIHSS评分偏高是ACI患者预后的危险因素,而外周血Th17/Treg比值及血清CXCL9、CXCL12、CXCL16水平下降是ACI患者预后的保护因素（P<0.05）。结论：外周血Th17/Treg比值、CXCL9、CXCL12、CXCL16随着ACI病情进展呈升高现象,是影响ACI患者预后的重要影响因素,除此之外,糖尿病史、高血压史、LDL-C偏高、颈动脉IMT偏厚、NIHSS评分偏高也是预后不良的危险因素。     

非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者肠道菌群变化 与IL-10、IL-17和IL-23的相关性

摘要：目的 探讨非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）患者肠道菌群变化与IL-10、IL-17和IL-23的相关性。方法 选取2016年1月至2018年1月期间我院收治的112例NAFLD患者为NAFLD组。选取同期进行体检的健康者100例为对照组。比较两组对象肠道菌群变化、IL-10、IL-17和IL-23水平,并进行Pearson相关性分析和Logistic回归分析。结果 NAFLD组患者肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量及B/E值显著低于对照组（均P<0.05）,肠杆菌、肠球菌数量显著高于对照组（均P<0.05）。NAFLD组患者血清IL-10水平显著低于对照组,IL-17、IL-23水平显著高于对照组（均P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示,NAFLD患者肠道双歧杆菌、乳杆菌数量及B/E值与IL-10水平呈正相关,与IL-17、IL-23水平呈负相关（均P<0.05）;肠杆菌、肠球菌数量与IL-10水平呈负相关,与IL-17、IL-23水平呈正相关（均P<0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示,IL-10、IL-17、IL-23是NAFLD患者B/E值的影响因素。结论 NAFLD患者存在肠道菌群失调,可能通过促进机体IL-10、IL-17和IL-23的表达参与NAFLD的发生和发展。     

吸烟对下呼吸道感染患者诱导痰中 IL-4和IL-17的影响

目的探究吸烟对下呼吸道感染患者诱导痰中白介素4(IL-4)和白介素17(IL-17)的影响。方法采用酶联免疫吸附法分别对吸烟与非吸烟下呼吸道感染患者(共88例)以及76例健康体检者诱导痰中IL-4和IL-17水平进行检测,并对结果进行分析。结果下呼吸道感染患者中吸烟者与非吸烟者IL-4和IL-17水平比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。健康体检者中吸烟者与非吸烟者IL-4、IL-17比较差异也具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论吸烟与下呼吸道诱导痰中IL-4、IL-17的表达水平具有相关性,吸烟可使下呼吸道诱导痰中IL-4、IL-17水平升高。     

Identification of potent,selective and orally bioavailable phenyl ((R)-3-phenylpyrrolidin-3-yl)sulfone analogues as RORγt inverse agonists

An X-ray crystal structure of one of our previously discovered RORγt inverse agonists bound to the RORγt ligand binding domain revealed that the cyclohexane carboxylic acid group of compound 2 plays a significant role in RORγt binding, forming four hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions with RORγt. SAR studies centered around the cyclohexane carboxylic acid group led to identification of several structurally diverse and more potent compounds, including new carboxylic acid analogues 7 and 20, and cyclic sulfone analogues 34 and 37. Notably, compounds 7 and 20 were found to maintain the desirable pharmacokinetic profile of 2.