地参多糖对实验肿瘤细胞体内外增殖的影响

旨在研究地参多糖对小鼠体内S180A肿瘤细胞增殖的影响及体外对人肝癌BEL-7402细胞生长的影响.体内实验采用皮下接种小鼠S180A肿瘤细胞,以生理盐水为阴性对照,环磷酰胺为阳性对照,腹腔给药(ip给药)不同剂量地参多糖7d,称取小鼠瘤质量并计算抑瘤率.体外实验采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法测定地参多糖对体外BEL-7402细胞抗肿瘤活性;倒置荧光显微镜观察地参多糖对BEL-7402细胞形态学的影响;流式细胞术检测地参多糖对人肝癌BEL-7402细胞周期的影响.体内实验结果表明:随着地参多糖浓度的增加,体内对小鼠S180A肿瘤的抑制率逐渐提高,最高抑瘤率可达41.29％ (P＜0.01).体外实验结果表明:随着地参多糖浓度和培养时间的增加,体外培养的BEL-7402细胞存活率逐渐降低,抑制率逐渐增加,细胞出现明显的形态学改变,且能诱导细胞凋亡;流式细胞术证实地参多糖使体外培养的BEL-7402细胞发生G0/G1期阻滞.体内外实验均证实地参多糖具有抗肿瘤作用,值得进一步开发利用.     

Where to invest in road mitigation? A comparison of multiscale wildlife data to inform roadway prioritization

Roads and associated traffic have significant impacts on wildlife, from direct mortality caused by vehicle collisions to indirect effects when wildlife avoid roads, restricting access to important resources. Road mitigation measures such as constructing wildlife passages over or under the road with directional fencing have proven effective at reducing wildlife vehicle collisions while also enabling wildlife to safely cross the road. Highway mitigation projects are led by transportation agencies with a primary purpose of improving motorist safety. More recently, through the discipline of road ecology, considerations have included safe wildlife passage through transportation corridors. To prioritize road sections for mitigation, data sources include animal vehicle collision data collected by transportation agencies and connectivity models generated by wildlife professionals. We used a third data source, pronghorn observations collected by citizen scientists, and demonstrated its value to prioritize potential wildlife mitigation sites. Our results clearly demonstrate a misalignment of road mitigation sites using animal-vehicle collision data and those of rarer species of interest.     

Enhancement of Procollagen Biosynthesis by p180 through Augmented Ribosome Association on the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Response to Stimulated Secretion

A coiled-coil microtubule-bundling protein, p180, was originally reported as a ribosome-binding protein on the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is highly expressed in secretory tissues. Recently, we reported a novel role for p180 in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) expansion following stimulated collagen secretion. Here, we show that p180 plays a key role in procollagen biosynthesis and secretion in diploid fibroblasts. Depletion of p180 caused marked reductions of secreted collagens without significant loss of the ER membrane or mRNA. Metabolic labeling experiments revealed that the procollagen biosynthetic activity was markedly affected following p180 depletion. Moreover, loss of p180 perturbs ascorbate-stimulated de novo biosynthesis mainly in the membrane fraction with a preferential secretion defect of large proteins. At the EM level, one of the most prominent morphological features of p180-depleted cells was insufficient ribosome association on the ER membranes. In contrast, the ER of control cells was studded with numerous ribosomes, which were further enhanced by ascorbate. Similarly biochemical analysis confirmed that levels of membrane-bound ribosomes were altered in a p180-dependent manner. Taken together, our data suggest that p180 plays crucial roles in enhancing collagen biosynthesis at the entry site of the secretory compartments by a novel mechanism that mainly involves facilitating ribosome association on the ER.     

马齿苋多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

本文探讨马齿苋多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。马齿苋采用水提醇沉法得到马齿苋多糖,分别以50、100、200mg／kg通过腹腔给药10d,观察马齿苋多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用及对小鼠淋巴细胞转化功能、腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力、白介素-l（IL-1）和白介素-2（IL-2）生成量的影响。结果显示,马齿苋多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠有明显的抑瘤作用,抑瘤率分别为16．92％、51．45％和64．96％。不同剂量马齿苋多糖与对照组相比可明显促进淋巴细胞的转化、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力,可有效的增加荷瘤小鼠脾淋巴细胞的转化和腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力以及白介素-1（IL-1）和白介素-2（IL-2）的分泌。说明马齿苋多糖对S180荷瘤小鼠具有显著的抗肿瘤作用,其作用机制与增强小鼠免疫作用有关。     

道路边际土壤重金属分布格局的神经网络模拟——以现代黄河三角洲为例

在实地采样的基础上,应用MLP神经网络模型和GIS技术,对现代黄河三角洲3类不同道路两侧边际50m带状区域内的土壤重金属含量进行了逐栅格模拟.结果表明:东部和北部的自然保护区以及东北沿海地区道路边际土壤重金属含量较低,西南部人口密集区重金属含量较高.研究区道路边际土壤的Mn、Zn、Cr、Cu、Pb、Cd等重金属平均含量分别达到509.57、61.26、58.55 、32.40、26.07mg/kg和0.27mg/kg,Cd污染较为严重,其余金属含量均低于国家土壤环境质量I级标准.道路对其边际重金属的累积作用明显,但对环境尚未造成广泛和显著的危害.不同道路类型的土壤重金属含量高速公路RG>省道RS>县乡公路RX(除Pb外).在风向、土壤性质和地表植被覆盖等主要因素的影响下,道路边重金属含量在30m以内达到峰值,但因重金属扩散机理的差异,变化规律有所不同.     

Ecological compensation of the impacts of a road. Preliminary method for the A50 road link (Eindhoven-Oss, The Netherlands)

After years of efforts to avoid or reduce the impact of infrastructure projects on nature, the principle of ecological compensation has been incorporated in Dutch governmental policy. Ecological compensation aims to recover those ecological functions and natural values that still remain affected after maximum effort has been made to reduce the impact of the intervention (mitigation). The accepted aim of current policy is thus no-net-loss of area and quality by means of mitigative and compensatory measures. As part of the planning process for construction of a stretch of road in The Netherlands, viz., the A50 road link in the province of North Brabant, a Nature Compensation Plan (NCP) was required to be drawn up. This work has recently been completed by the Regional Directorate of Public Works and Water Management, the initiator of the intervention. The NCP, initially presented as a Draft Plan, was drawn up by the Regional Directorate using a preliminary method designed by the Centre of Environmental Science of Leiden University for deriving compensatory measures. After an opportunity for public comment, the Draft Plan was revised to form a Final NCP. This article describes, firstly, the preliminary method for deriving ecological compensatory measures. The method starts by quantifying the effects of habitat loss, habitat disturbance (by changes in noise emissions, in the water table and in outdoor recreational patterns), barrier action and fauna casualties. Following mitigation of impacts on nature, compensation for non-mitigable effects focuses successively on area size, derived from the impacts on breeding birds, and on area quality, derived from the habitat requirements of the vegetation and fauna groups affected by the road. Guidelines for identifying appropriate locations for compensation are also formulated. Secondly, the compensation method is applied to calculate the mitigative and compensatory measures for the A50 trajectory between Eindhoven and Oss. Thirdly, two comparisons are made: the Draft NCP is compared with the results of the preliminary method, and the Draft and the Final NCP are compared with one another in order to identify the role of the interest groups that played a major role in commenting on the Draft Plan. Finally, realization of the compensatory measures and development of the preliminary method itself are discussed. On the basis of the experience with the A50 case study, a more robust compensation method for road projects is to be developed.     

Adriamycin-induced changes in the surface membrane of sarcoma 180 ascites cells

Adriamycin increases (a) the rate of agglutination of Sarcoma 180 cells by concanavalin A after brief exposure of 2–3 h and (b) membrane fluidity as measured by ESR within 30 min of exposure at concentrations of the anthracycline of 10^?7–10^?5 M. The effect of adriamycin on agglutination is not due to an increase in the number of surface receptors for concanavalin A, since the extent of binding of the lectin is not altered by adriamycin and no change occurs in the rate of occupancy of the concanavalin A binding sites by the lectin in cells treated with the antibiotic. The order parameter, a measurement of membrane fluidity, decreases in cells exposed to adriamycin and is dose-related. The results indicate that adriamycin can induce changes in the surface membrane of Sarcoma 180 cells within a brief period of exposure to a low but cytotoxic level of this agent.