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51.
52.
米兰遗址位于新疆塔里木盆地东南缘的若羌县,是丝绸之路新疆段南道上的重要遗址之一,延续年代可从吐蕃占领时期上溯至汉朝。遗址群内包含佛寺、屯田、灌溉水利设施、烽燧、戍堡以及城址等15处单体遗迹。2012年,新疆文物考古研究所对米兰遗址再次发掘,其中戍堡内出土了一批植物遗存,年代在距今1200年左右,包括黍、粟、青稞、小麦、桃、稗子、小獐毛和苦豆子等8种。结合植物鉴定和前人研究成果,本文认为吐蕃占领时期的米兰地区微环境较今天更为湿润,米兰戍堡的守卫者有一定的屯垦行为。除栽培谷物外,此地还有一定规模的桃树栽培。 相似文献
53.
In this paper, we investigated dynamics of forest landscape along the main roads in Xishuangbanna from 1976 to 1988, and from 1988 to 2003, using FRAGSTATS software and the GIS technology, based on the results interpreted from the Landsat MSS TM ETM imageries in 1976, 1988, 2003. Some representative quantitative indices of landscape diversity, including mean patch area, percent of landscape , perimeter-area fractal dimension , aggregation , Shannon′s diversity index , and Shannon′s equality index were used to describe the changes in the spatial pattern of landscape elements. Comparing with whole region of Xishuangbanna during last 27 years , the results showed that the man-made landscape (rubber plantation) and non-forested landscape along the main road expanded faster and their percentage were greater, whereas the natural landscape ( primitive forest patches) reduced faster and its percentage was smaller . There were obviouseffects of road on landscape which the forest coverage was decreased , and rubber plantation landscape was increased with the distance from the road . The natural forest landscape had been fragmented. Especially, the tropical seasonal rain forest was affected severely, while the area and contagion of rubber plantation and shrub increased. The whole landscape pattern along the main road tended to be diversiform, equal and fragmented. The landscape was still dominated by natural landscapes but this dominance was weakening . A case study about the displacement of landscape patch centroids showed that the spatial centroids of many types of landscape, including rubber plantation, tropical seasonal rain forest, mountain rain forest, shrub and non-forested land had moved away from the road. All of these changes in landscape pattern would lead the deterioration of these region environments. 相似文献
54.
The number of families in the urban fox population of Sapporo, Japan, was estimated from two sets of data reported by the
public to government: records of road-killed foxes (information-A) and records of complaints about foxes (information-B).
We assumed that fox populations consist of families that have exclusive home ranges, i.e., territories, during the period
between gestation and dispersal. The urban area was then divided into hexagons that correspond to the territories. The locations
from the two sets of records during the territorial period were plotted on the map. The number of fox families for which information-A
and/or B was reported was estimated by counting the number of hexagons that include the record. The total number of families
was estimated by using a double-observation method. We adopted Chapman’s unbiased estimator which is based on the hypergeometric
distribution that corresponds to the conditional likelihood. We demonstrated the possibility of estimating the abundance of
animals from government data such as road kill and complaints if the animals have territories.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
55.
Biotechnological production of fuels and chemicals from renewable resources is an appealing way to move from the current petroleum-based economy to a biomass-based green economy. Recently, the feedstocks that can be used for bioconversion or fermentation have been expanded to plant biomass, microbial biomass, and industrial waste. Several microbes have been engineered to produce chemicals from renewable resources, among which Escherichia coli is one of the best studied. Much effort has been made to engineer E. coli to produce fuels and chemicals from different renewable resources. In this paper, we focused on E. coli and systematically reviewed a range of fuels and chemicals that can be produced from renewable resources by engineered E. coli. Moreover, we proposed how can we further improve the efficiency for utilizing renewable resources by engineered E. coli, and how can we engineer E. coli for utilizing alternative renewable feedstocks. e.g. C1 gases and methanol. This review will help the readers better understand the current progress in this field and provide insights for further metabolic engineering efforts in E. coli. 相似文献
56.
miR-142-3p was reported to be downregulated in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and acted as a novel diagnostic marker. However, the regulatory effect of miR-142-3p on drug resistance of AML cells and its underlying mechanism have not been elucidated. Here, we found that miR-142-3p was significantly downregulated and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was dramatically upregulated in AML samples and cells, as well as drug-resistant AML cells. P-gp level and autophagy were markedly enhanced in HL-60/ADR and HL-60/ATRA cells. miR-142-3p overexpression improved drug sensitivity of AML cells by inhibiting cell viability and promoting apoptosis, and inhibited P-gp level and autophagy in drug-resistant AML cells, whereas HMGB1 overexpression obviously reversed these effect. HMGB1 was demonstrated to be a target of miR-142-3p, and miR-142-3p negatively regulated HMGB1 expression. In conclusion, our study elucidated that upregulation of miR-142-3p improves drug sensitivity of AML through reducing P-glycoprotein and repressing autophagy by targeting HMGB1, contributing to better understanding the molecular mechanism of drug resistance in AML. 相似文献
57.
Study of cell killing and morphology on S180 by ultrasound activating hematoporphyrin derivatives 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The inhibition of ascitic S180 and induced sarcoma 180 in vivo was studied with the combination of hematoporphyrin derivatives (HpD) and ultrasound (US) at the frequency of 1.1 MHz and different intensities by light microscopy observation, electronic microscopy observation, cytochemical analysis and fluorescence labeling. The present study indicated that the injury of ascitic S180 increased as time passed and the inhibitory effect was stronger in US plus HpD group than that in other groups. Our results also indicated that the changes in cell structure, cytochrome C oxidase activity, the degradation and missing of DNA were the important factors that inhibited the tumor cell growth and even induced celldeath. The phenomenon of apoptosis of tumor cells indicated that cell death andinduced apoptosis exist in the treatment of sonodynamic therapy (SDT). Our study investigated the mechanism underlying the killing effect of S180 induced by USactivating HpD by the observation of cell morphology and dynamic changes from seminal injury to succeeded injury even to death. It would provide rich referencefor the study of SDT. 相似文献
58.
Luca Borradori Stéphane Chavanas Roel Q.J. Schaapveld Laurent Gagnoux-Palacios Jero Calafat Guerrino Meneguzzi Arnoud Sonnenberg 《Experimental cell research》1998,239(2):463
Bullous pemphigoid antigen 180 (BP180) is a transmembrane component of hemidesmosomes (HD), cell–substrate attachment complexes in stratified and complex epithelia. To determine the role of BP180 in the assembly of HD and cell adhesion, using SV40 virions we have immortalized BP180-deficient keratinocytes derived from a patient with the inherited skin blistering disorder generalized atrophic benign epidermolysis bullosa (GABEB). The GABEB keratinocytes form HD-like structures, which contain α6β4 integrin and HD1/plectin, but not the bullous pemphigoid antigen 230 (BP230). The expression of integrin subunits by GABEB keratinocytes was comparable to that of an immortalized normal human keratinocyte cell line (NHK), except for α6 and β4, which were less strongly expressed in GABEB cells. In short-term adhesion assays, both GABEB keratinocytes and NHK bound strongly and to a similar extent to laminin-1, laminin-5, fibronectin, and type IV and V collagens, which suggests that BP180 is not involved in promoting the initial adhesion to these ligands. Transfection of GABEB keratinocytes with cDNAs for wild-type or a mutant of BP180 lacking the collagenous extracellular domain resulted in the expression of recombinant BP180 proteins that were correctly polarized at the basal cell surface together with α6β4. In addition, restored synthesis of BP180 affected the subcellular localization of BP230, which was no longer diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm, but was found in HD-like structures. In contrast, a BP180 mutant with a 36-amino-acid deletion from the amino terminus of the cytoplasmic domain failed to localize to HD-like structures. These results demonstrate that a region within the cytoplasmic domain of BP180 is essential for its localization into HD and that BP180 may play a critical role in coordinating the subcellular distribution of BP230. 相似文献
59.
Usha R. Dutta Sudha N. Rao Vijaya Kumar Pidugu Vineeth V.S. Amrita Bhattacherjee Aneek Das Bhowmik Sathish K. Ramaswamy Kumar Gautam Singh Ashwin Dalal 《Genomics》2019,111(5):1108-1114
Disease associated chromosomal rearrangements often have break points located within disease causing genes or in their vicinity. The purpose of this study is to characterize a balanced reciprocal translocation in a girl with intellectual disability and seizures by positional cloning and whole genome sequencing. The translocation was identification by G- banding and confirmed by WCP FISH. Fine mapping using BAC clones and whole genome sequencing using Oxford nanopore long read sequencing technology for a 1.46 X coverage of the genome was done. The positional cloning showed split signals with BAC RP11-943 J20. Long read sequencing analysis of chimeric reads carrying parts of chromosomes X and 20 helped to identify the breakpoints to be in intron 2 of ARHGEF9 gene on Xp11.1 and on 20p13 between RASSF2 and SLC23A2 genes. This is the first report of translocation which successfully delineated to single base resolution using Nanopore sequencing. The genotype-phenotype correlation is discussed. 相似文献
60.
Spencer E. Taylor Erwin Buncel Albert R. Norris 《Journal of inorganic biochemistry》1981,15(2):131-141
Proton nmr spectroscopic evidence is presented for methylmercury(II) binding to the deprotonated amino groups in adenosine, 9-methyladenine, guanosine, 1-methylguanosine, and cytidine under basic conditions. Except for the guanosine case, 1H nmr spectra of the products from aqueous or ethanolic 1:1 mixtures of substrate and MeHgOH are consistent with methylmercuration of the deprotonated amino groups. Guanosine undergoes initial binding of MeHg to N1, and a second equivalent of MeHgOH is necessary to effect amino binding. The nmr spectra of the complexed adenine derivatives suggest that different geometrical isomers exist in (CD3)2SO solution, reflecting the partial double bond character of the C6N bond in these systems. Using a correlation relating the magnitude of the 199Hg-1H coupling constant (J) for MeHg-ligand complexes with the ligand pKa (J = ?3.88 pKa + 248.5, extending over 13 pK units, based on a variety of N and O donor ligands), estimates (± 0.3 pK unit) of the pKas of the amino groups of the above substrates have been made. In this way, pKa values of 15.5 (cytidine), 17.0 (adenosine and 9-methyladenine), 15.1 (guanosine), and 14.9 (1-methylguanosine) are obtained. In the cases where comparisons with literature pKa data can be made, good agreement is found. 相似文献