Clues from a halophilic methanogen about aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in archaebacteria

Extensive diversity in features of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and regulation has become recognized in eubacteria, but almost nothing is known about the extent to which such diversity exists within the archaebacteria. Methanohalophilus mahii, a methylotrophic halophilic methanogen, was found to synthesize l-phenylalanine and l-tyrosine via phenylpyruvate and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, respectively. Enzymes capable of using l-arogenate as substrate were not found. Prephenate dehydrogenase was highly sensitive to feedback inhibition by l-tyrosine and could utilize either NADP⁺ (preferred) or NAD⁺ as cosubstrate. Tyrosine-pathway dehydrogenases having the combination of narrow specificity for a cyclohexadienyl substrate but broad specificity for pyridine nucleotide cofactor have not been described before. The chorismate mutase enzyme found is a member of a class which is insensitive to allosteric control. The most noteworthy character state was prephenate dehydratase which proved to be subject to multimetabolite control by feedback inhibitor (l-phenylalanine) and allosteric activators (l-tyrosine, l-tryptophan, l-leucine, l-methionine and l-isoleucine). This interlock type of prephenate dehydratase, also known to be broadly distributed among the gram-positive lineage of the eubacteria, was previously shown to exist in the extreme halophile, Halobacterium vallismortis. The results are consistent with the conclusion based upon 16S rRNA analyses that Methanomicrobiales and the extreme halophiles cluster together.Abbreviation DAHP 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate     

Metabolism of 2-chloro-4-methylphenoxyacetate by Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP 134

2-Chloro-4-methylphenoxyacetate is not a growth substrate for Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP 134 and JMP 1341. It is, however, being transformed by enzymes of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid metabolism to 2-chloro-4-methyl-cis, cis-muconate, which is converted by enzymatic 1,4-cycloisomerization to 4-carboxymethyl-2-chloro-4-methylmuconolactone as a dead end metabolite. Chemically, only 3,6-cycloisomerization occurs, giving rise to both diastereomers of 4-carboxychloromethyl-3-methylbut-2-en-4-olide. Those lactones harbonring a chlorosubstituent on the 4-carboxymethyl side chain were surprisingly stable under physiological as well as acidic conditions.     

A novel type of meso-diaminopimelic acid-based peptidoglycan and novel poly (erythritol phosphate) teichoic acids in cell walls of two coryneform isolates from the surface flora of French cooked cheeses

The primary structure of the peptidoglycan and the teichoic acids of two coryneform isolates from the surface flora of French cooked cheeses, CNRZ 925 and CNRZ 926, have been determined. In the peptidoglycan, meso-diaminopimelic acid was localized in position three of the peptide subunit. It contained an d-glutamyl-d-aspartyl interpeptide bridge, connecting meso-diaminopimelic acid and d-alanine residues of adjacent peptide subunits. The -carboxyl group of d-glutamic acid in position two of peptide subunits was substituted with glycine amide. The teichoic acid pattern and composition differed between the strains: both contained an erythritol teichoic acid and strain CNRZ 925 also contained an N-acetylglucosaminylphosphate polymer. The erythritol teichoic acids differed in terms of the quality and quantity of substituents, but they both had N,N-diacetyl-2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxyglucuronic acid in common.Abbreviations DNP dinitrophenyl - Ery erythritol - Gal galactose - GlcN glucosamine - GlcNAc N-acetylglucosamine - GlcUANAc₂ N,N-diacetyl-2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxyglucuronic acid - Hex UANAc₂ N,N-diacetyl-2,3-diamino-2,3-dideoxyhexuronic - acid m-Dpm, meso-diaminopimelic acid - Mur muramic acid - MurNAc N-acetylmuramic acid     

Membrane fluidity in glutamic acid-producing bacteria Brevibacterium sp. ATCC 13869

The bacterial secretion of glutamate was studied through plasma membrane fluidity, measured by anisotropy using the fluorophore TMA-DPH incorporated in the lipid part of the cell membrane. Cells of Brevibacterium sp. ATCC 13869 (wild type) were switched from the biotin-limited, producing state to the biotin-supplemented, non-producing state, and back. The following conclusions could be drawn: 1. It was not possible to detect any change in anisotropy by switching the cells from biotin-limited biotin-supplemented, as well as from biotin-supplemented, to biotin-limited, media. 2. The anisotropy value in the glutamic acid fermentation remains constant during the lag, exponential, growth, production and stationary phases. 3. The treatment of cells with a neutral synthetic polyester of ethylene-and propyleneoxide with soya oil-fatty acids increased the anisotropy values, indicating incorporation of the surfactant. 4. Glutamate secretion is not coupled with membrane fluidity, so a leak providing a general fluidization of the membrane could not be detected.     

花馔及其氨基酸营养

应用日立835 50型高效氨基酸自动分析仪,对十五种常见食用花卉干样进行了水解蛋白氢基酸成分测定,结果发现:①花馔中酸水解蛋白氨的基酸种类齐全,总氨基酸含量较高,占食用干物质的6.00—29.45％。②花馔中人体必需氨基酸含量丰富,占总氨基酸含量的29.50—42.60％。尤以亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸和苏氨酸含量为高。③花馔中甜、鲜类氨基酸含量也较高,分别占总氨基酸的25.94—39.89％,23.35—33.38％,花馔是兼有营养、颜色、美味的天然食物,值得人类利用。     

肝胆显像螯合物—氮基三乙酸单酰苯胺及其类似物的合成

本课题合成四个氮基三乙酸单酰苯胺(IDA)类及其类似物肝胆显像螯合物。(1)用家兔做了肝胆显像扫描实验,其显像效果较好。(2)～(3)为未见报道的化合物。     

肺癌患者胸水游离氨基酸分析

本文对11例肺癌患者胸水13种游离氨基酸作了分析,并与28例正常人血浆游离氨基酸水平作了对照,结果表明:肺癌患者胸水的必需及非必需氨基酸普遍高于正常人血浆游离氨基酸,但其胸水谷氨酰胺水平则明显低于正常人血浆水平。     

几种药物对HL-60细胞的诱导分化作用及其过程中蛋白激酶C活力分布的变化

本文就HHT、RA、WB_(852)对HL-60细胞的诱导分化作用及此过程中PKC活力在细胞胞浆部分及膜溶脱部分的变化进行研究。结果表明,在适当的用药浓度下,从细胞生长抑制情况、形态学观察及NBT还原能力测定判断,三种药物对HL-60细胞有明显的诱导分化作用。PKC活力分布变化的研究结果表明,用药组细胞胞浆部分酶活力有不同程度的下降,尤在用药早期(约6h以前)下降显著;而膜部分PKC活力则表现上升、或下降,或活力相差不大的结果。暗示在信息传递过程中起核心作用的PKC对不同的胞外刺激可能采取不同的应答方式。PKC的作用可能主要发生在信息传递的早期。     

视黄酸对人肝癌细胞表面N糖链类型及天线数的影响

本文采用系列凝集素柱层析法,并配合外切糖苷酶处理研究了在视黄酸(RA)作用1—5天过程中人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721细胞表面N糖链结构的变化。结果表明,RA促进3~H-甘露糖(Man)参入细胞表面N糖链,使高甘露糖型N糖链的百分比下降,复杂型百分比上升,并促进二天线N糖链的生物合成,使多天线特别是四天线和C_2,C_(21)b三天线N糖链的合成减少。结果提示,N糖链结构的这些变化可能是RA诱导SMMC-7721细胞向正常方向分化的结果。     

戊型肝炎病毒中国XT—179株全基因组Cdna克隆及其核苷酸和氨基酸序列分析

本文报道对中国新疆东部一起戊型肝炎流行高峰期间,由ＨＥ患者烘便中分离到的型肝炎病毒中国ＸＴ－１７９株进行全基因ｃＤＮＡ克隆、核苷酸和氨基酸序列测定及分析结果。所阐明的ＨＥＶ－ＸＴ－１７９株基因组全序列由７１９４个核苷酸和３＇端的多聚腺嘌呤核苷酸尾组成。四种核苷酸的含量腺嘌呤（Ａ）为１７．０％,胞嘧啶（Ｃ）为３１．９％,鸟嘌呤（Ｇ）为２６．０,尿嘧啶（Ｕ）为２５．１％。Ｇ＋Ｃ含量为５７．９％。全基因