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191.
In vivo effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on photosynthetic oxygen evolution was investigated in barley chloroplasts. The most important kinetic parameters of O2-producing reactions were changed. The results show inhibition of the O2-flash yields at ABA concentrations of 10 mol/l and 100 mol/l and an increase in the degree of damping of the oscillations. ABA has a marked effect on the distribution of the oxygenevolving centers in S0 and S1 states and on sum of the centers (S0+S1) estimated according to the Kok model. In addition, the amplitude and the shape of the initial oxygen burst under continuous illumination are also significantly altered. At a concentration of 100 mol/l, ABA strongly inhibits Hill reaction activity measured by DCPIP reduction. The results cannot be explained by the hypothesis of socalled stomata effect. On the other hand, no effects were observed on the investigated parameters in experiments involving ABA applied in vitro to isolated chloroplasts. It is hypothesized that ABA disrupts the granal chloroplasts structure and raises the degree of participation of the cooperative mechanism of O2-evolution connected with the functioning of PS II centers in the stroma situated thylakoids.Abbreviations DCPIP
2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol
- DCMU
3-(3,4-dichlorophenil)-1,1-dimethylurea
- HEPES
N-2-Hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-2-ethane sulfonic acid
- PSII
photosystem II
- RubisCO
Ribulose-1,5-bis-phosphate carboxylase-oxygenase 相似文献
192.
The pH of weak-acid solutions is controlled by acid concentration (HA + A–), the degree of acid dissociation (A–/HA), and the strength of the acids present (pKa). We developed an empirical approach that allows the relative importance of each of these factors to be estimated for soils. This empirical model was applied to soils collected from an old-field plantation of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) at 5 and 25 years of age. During this period, soil pH dropped by 0.3 to 0.8 units, and extractable calcium, magnesium and potassium declined by 20 to 80%. The empirical model indicates that the decline in pH resulted largely from the reduction in base saturation of the exchange complex. However, the average acid strength of the exchange complex decreased during the 20 years, preventing a greater decline of perhaps 0.1 to 0.2 units in the observed pH. The rate of decrease in the acid neutralizing capacity to pH 3.5 was about 1.3 kmolc/ha annually, while the increase in base neutralizing capacity was about 2.7 and 1.6 kmolc/ha annually to pH 5.5 and 8.2, respectively. Extractable alkali and alkaline earth cations declined by about 2.2 kmolc/ha annually, matched by the rate of increase in aluminium. These changes demonstrated the dynamic nature of poorly buffered soils, and indicated that changes in soil acidity may be expected over a period of decades (especially following changes in land-use). 相似文献
193.
Gerd Gäde 《Journal of comparative physiology. B, Biochemical, systemic, and environmental physiology》1989,159(5):589-596
Summary Extracts of corpora cardiaca from two members of the family Tenebrionidae,Zophobas rugipes andTenebrio molitor, from one member of the Chrysomelidae,Leptinotarsa decemlineata, and from three members of the Scarabaeidae,Pachnoda marginata, P. sinuata andMelolontha hippocastani, were assayed for adipokinetic and hypertrehalosaemic activity in acceptor locusts (Locusta migratoria) and cockroaches (Periplaneta americana), respectively. All corpus cardiacum material tested, except that from the cockchafer,M. hippocastani, gave positive bioassay results. Biological activities of corpus cardiacum extracts from all species investigated can be resolved on reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Gland extracts from the two tenebrionid species each show a single peak of biological activity associated with a single peak of UV absorbance having an identical retention time in both species. The two biologically active fractions from the corpora cardiaca of the potato beetle,L. decemlineata, coelute with exogenous (synthetic) hypertrehalosaemic hormones I and II of the American cockroach. The two species of the genusPachnoda contain two active compounds in their glands; compound I of each species is more abundant and elutes just ahead of the (synthetic) hypertrehalosaemic hormone of the cockroachBlaberus discoidalis. The gland material ofM. hippocastani exhibits and absorbance peak with the same retention time as the major peak from thePachnoda-species; however, this peak material does not elicit biological activity in the assays used here. After fractionation by RP-HPLC the main biologically active compounds were subjected to amino acid analyses. All factors are peptidic and contain 8 amino acid residues. The peptides from the tenebrionid species have the amino acid residues Asx(2), Glx(1), Ser(1), Pro(1), Leu(1), Phe(1) and Trp(i), whereas the main peptide from corpora cardiaca ofP. marginata contains the residues Asx(2), Glx(1), Ser(1), Pro(1), Tyr(1), Leu(1) and Trp(1). Amino acid composition analyses of the two active fractions fromL. decemlineata reveal the residues Asx(2), Glx(1), Ser(1), Pro(1), Val(1), Phe(1) and Trp(1) for compound I and Asx(1), Glx(1), Thr(2), Pro(1), Leu(1), Phe(1) and Trp(1) for compound II. 相似文献
194.
Histochemical studies on localisation of lipids, lipase and phosphomonoeste-rases in the crown skin of male baya during non-breeding
and breeding seasons were carried out. The results indicated a high turnover rate for lipid synthesis and its utilisation,
increased acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in the crown skin of breeding male baya as compared to that in non-breeding
season. It is surmised that crown skin of male baya becomes metabolically hyperactive during breeding season aiding processes
such as cell growth and proliferation, keratinization and production of coloured feathers related to breeding. 相似文献
195.
细梗香草的挥发油成分 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文对报春花科植物细梗香草(Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl.)的挥发性成分,用气相色谱和气质联用方法进行了定性和定量研究。鉴定出酸性成分75个,中性成分74个。在中性成分中鉴定出六氢金合欢烯酰丙酮、苯乙醇及香叶基丙酮等;酸性成分主要为棕榈酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸及一些二酸。 相似文献
196.
197.
A. C. Kuesel W. Kuhn J. Sianoudis L. H. Grimme D. Leibfritz A. Mayer 《Archives of microbiology》1989,151(5):434-438
The possibility to apply N-15 in vivo NMR spectroscopy to study algal N-metabolism has been investigated. N-15 labelled cells
of the green alga Chlorella fusca, subjected to nitrogen starvation and N-14 labelled cells supplied with K15NO3 after prolonged nitrogen starvation were monitored by N-15 in vivo NMR spectroscopy at different times after the change in
their nitrogen supply. During 20–40 min, necessary for the acquisition of 1 spectrum, the cells were under dark anaerobic
conditions, but the relative amounts of the metabolites detected did not change. Signals from 2 acid amides, from the side
chain nitrogens of arginine and lysine, from prolin as well as 4 signals from α amino groups of amino acids were detected.
Besides two signals not yet reported in the literature were found. They may be due to amino compounds, but not to amino acids.
The amount of free amino acids in the cells increases not only upon resupply of nitrogen starved cells with nitrate but also
during the first hours after nitrate depletion. The spectra obtained from N-15 labelled autospores show that N-15 in vivo
NMR spectroscopy can be applied to the investigation of N metabolism of the cells. 相似文献
198.
E. N. Kondratieva E. V. Zacharova V. I. Duda V. V. Krivenko 《Archives of microbiology》1989,151(2):117-122
A new anaerobic thermophilic Gram-positive, nonsporeforming bacterium strain ZE-1 was isolated from a hot spring of Kamchatka (USSR). The cells are rod-shaped, (0.5–0.8 · 2.0–20 m), non-motile. The bacterium can grow between 42 and 75°C; the optimal temperature is 65°C. The growth is possible between pH values 5.0 and 8.5; optimal pH is 7.0. The cultures grow on the media containing peptone, yeast extract, or casein hydrolysate as nitrogen sources in the presence of glucose or some other sugars, mannitol or starch. The main fermentation products of glucose are ethanol, acetate, lactate, H2, CO2; byproducts are propionic, butyric and isovaleric acids. Glucose is metabolized via Embden-Meyerhoff-Parnas pathway. Molecular hydrogen does not inhibit growth. The bacterium does not reduce aceton to isopropanol, but is able to form H2S from elemental sulfur. The bacterium contains a soluble hydrogenase. This enzyme catalyzes both evolution and uptake of H2 and is active in the presence of methyl viologen. The DNA-base composition is 34.6 mol%; the genome size 2.08x109 D. The name proposed for the isolated bacterium strain ZE-1 is Thermoanaerobium lactoethylicum spec. nov. 相似文献
199.
Archaeoglobus fulgidus is an extremely thermophilic archaebacterium that can grow at the expense of lactate oxidation with sulfate to CO2 and H2S. The organism contains coenzyme F420, tetrahydromethanopterin, and methanofuran which are coenzymes previously thought to be unique for methanogenic bacteria. We report here that the bacterium contains methylenetetrahydromethanopterin: F420 oxidoreductase (20 U/mg), methenyltetrahydromethanopterin cyclohydrolase (0.9 U/mg), formyltetrahydromethanopterin: methanofuran formyltransferase (4.4 U/mg), and formylmethanofuran: benzyl viologen oxidoreductase (35 mU/mg). Besides these enzymes carbon monoxide: methyl viologen oxidoreductase (5 U/mg), pyruvate: methyl viologen oxidoreductase (0.7 U/mg), and membranebound lactate: dimethylnaphthoquinone oxidoreductase (0.1 U/mg) were found. 2-Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, which is a key enzyme of the citric acid cycle, was not detectable. From the enzyme outfit it is concluded that in A. fulgidus lactate is oxidized to CO2 via a modified acetyl-CoA/carbon monoxide dehydrogenase pathway involving C1-intermediates otherwise only used by methanogenic bacteria.Non-standard abbreviations APS
adenosine 5-phosphosulfate
- BV
benzyl viologen
- DCPIP
2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
- DMN
2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone
- DTT
DL-1,4-dithiothreitol
- H4F
tetrahydrofolate
- H4MPT
tetrahydromethanopterin
- CH2
H4MPT, methylene-H4MPT
- CH
H4MPT, methenyl-H4MPT
- Mes
morpholinoethane sulfonic acid
- MFR
methanofuran
- Mops
morpholinopropane sulfonic acid
- MV
methyl viologen
- Tricine
N-tris(hydroxymethyl)-methylglycine
- U
mol product formed per min 相似文献
200.
Teresa Urbanik-Sypniewska Ulrich Seydel Michaela Greck Jürgen Weckesser Hubert Mayer 《Archives of microbiology》1989,152(6):527-532
The structure of the lipopolysaccharide from Rhizobium meliloti 10406, a derivative of the wild-type strain MVII-1, was examined. The compositional analysis of its polysaccharide moiety demonstrated lack of heptose(s), but high contents in glucose, galacturonic acid and 2-keto-3-deoxy-octonate (dOclA) as characteristic features. The lipid A moiety consisted of a -1,6 linked glucosamine disaccharide carrying ester (at C-4) and glycosidically (at C-1) linked phosphate residues, both present exclusively as monoester phosphates but not as phosphodiesters. Ester- and amidelinked 3-hydroxy fatty acids were mostly present as non-3-O-acylated residues. Laser desorption mass spectrometry (LD-MS) revealed heterogeneity in the fatty acid substitution, as was also indicated by the non-stoichiometric ratios obtained by quantitative fatty acid analysis. The predominating lipid A structure contained at the reducing glucosamine residue ester-linked 3-hydroxy-tetradecanoic acid (3-OH-14:0) and amide-linked 3-OH-18:0, or 3-OH-18:1, respectively. The distal (non-reducing) glucosamine carried ester-bound the recently discovered 27-hydroxyoctacosanoic acid and 3-OH-14:0 and, as amide-linked fatty acid, mostly 3-hydroxy-stearic acid (3-OH-18:0).The isolated lipopolysaccharide exhibited a high extent of lethal toxicity in galactosamine-treated mice, comparable to that of enterobacterial lipopolysaccharide. The structural relationship of LPS and lipid A of Rhizobium meliloti to other rhizobial lipopolysaccharides and lipid A's with respect to questions of taxonomy and of phylogenetic relationships will be discussed.Abbreviations LPS
lipopolysaccharide
- dOclA
3-deoxy-D-mannooctulosonic acid (KDO)
- GalA
galacturonic acid
- DOC
sodium deoxycholate
- PAGE
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- LD-MS
laser desorption-mass spectrometry 相似文献