栽培模式对沙棘人工林土壤微生物群落结构和参与氮循环功能基因的影响

以沙棘×油松混交林、沙棘×侧柏混交林、沙棘×刺槐混交林、沙棘纯林的土壤为研究对象,对其土壤微生物种群结构、参与氮循环功能基因丰度进行了检测.结果表明: 沙棘与油松或侧柏混交能显著增加林地土壤总磷脂脂肪酸(总PLFA)、细菌脂肪酸(BPLFA)和革兰氏阳性菌脂肪酸(G⁺PLFA)含量,而真菌脂肪酸 (FPLFA)含量无明显变化.两种混交林地土壤的nifH、amoA、nirK和narG基因丰度明显高于沙棘纯林土壤.土壤总PLFA、G⁺PLFA、革兰氏阴性菌生物量(G^-PLFA)和4种功能基因的丰度均与土壤pH、土壤有机碳、总氮、NH₄⁺-N、速效钾呈显著正相关.不同栽培模式人工林土壤微生物群落和基因丰度的差异主要与土壤理化特性有关.沙棘与油松或侧柏混交为当地2种较好的栽培模式,能有效地改善土壤质量.     

国产驴蹄草的细胞地理学研究（英文）

为探讨国产毛茛科(Ranunculaceae)驴蹄草属(Caltha)两种植物的演化,该文利用传统染色体压片技术和流式细胞术,并结合前人染色体研究结果,对我国驴蹄草23个居群和花葶驴蹄草10个居群进行了细胞学研究。结果表明:驴蹄草是由四倍体(2n=4x=32)、六倍体(2n=6x=48)和八倍体(2n=8x=64)构成的多倍体复合群,花葶驴蹄草具有四倍体(2n=4x=32)和八倍体(2n=8x=64)两种倍性水平。驴蹄草和花葶驴蹄草均是四倍体较为常见,目前尚未见有二倍体报道。由于驴蹄草和花葶驴蹄草大部分居群采自中国青藏高原地区,可能在冰期时存在古二倍体,其适应性较弱,逐渐被其他的倍性取代,这是由于不同细胞型对环境适应性的结果。驴蹄草可能存在两条进化路线:一条是从甘肃到达云南;另一条是从西藏到达云南。前期分子系统学研究显示花葶驴蹄草与驴蹄草的亲缘关系较近,该研究结果中花葶驴蹄草染色体比驴蹄草要小,花葶驴蹄草可能比驴蹄草相对进化。目前花葶驴蹄草只有10个居群,还需进一步增加居群量来解析其演化路线。     

采用RAPD和ISSR标记探讨中国疣粒野生稻的遗传多样性

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) methods were applied to detect genetic variation of 20 bulking samples and two individually sampled populations of Oryza granulata (Nees et Arn. ex Watt.) from China (M5 from Hainan Province and M27 from Yunnan Province). For the bulking sampled populations, 20 RAPD and 12 ISSR primers generated 209 and 122 bands, of which 134 (64.11%) and 89 (72.95%) were polymorphic respectively. For population M5, 146 and 95 bands were generated with 21.48% and 34.78% being polymorphic (PPB). For population M27, 151 (PPB = 17.22%) and 94 (PPB = 19.15%) bands of RAPD and ISSR were obtained. The results indicated that the level of genetic variation of O． granulata was lower than other species detected in the genus Oryza. UPGMA cluster based on genetic similarity and principle component analyses (PCA) based on band patterns divided the populations into two groups corresponding to their sources, which revealed that the majority of genetic variation of O. granulata occurred between Hainan and Yunnan. Consequently, more populations of the species should be considered for a reasonable conservation management. Comparison between the two marker systems showed that ISSR was better than RAPD in terms of reproducibility and ability of detecting genetic polymorphism. Mantel test revealed that the goodness of fit between them was significant (r=0.917, t=12.718) when detecting genetic diversity at species level, but was poor at population level (r<0.200). The discrepancy was considered as the facts that different fragments were targeted by RAPD and ISSR, and that evolutionary process of O. granulata varied at different hierarchical levels.     

Revealing the F_actin Networks in Interphase Nuclei of Garlic Clove Cells by Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

The interphase nuclei of parenchyma cells and epidermal cells of garlic (Allium sativum L.) clove were labelled with rabbit anti-actin antibody and FITC-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody. The authors observed results with fluorescence microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The nuclei showed prominent green-yellow fluorescence, indicating the presence of actin in the nuclei. Fluorescence examination with TRITC-phalloidin showed distinctive red fluorescence in the nuclei, indicating that F-actin is present in the nuclei. Confocal laser scanning microscopy indicated the presence of F-actin containing network structures in the nuclei, but the network structures were absent and the nuclei still showed red fluorescence when the cells were treated with cytochalasin D before fixation; the red fluorescence in the nuclei was hard to be observed when the cells were treated with unlabelled phalloidin before the cells were stained with TRITC-phalloidin. These results indicate that F-actin is in the nuclei and forms network structures in the nuclei of garlic cells.