树状多节孢酸性磷酸酶的分离纯化与性质研究

树状多节孢Nodulisporium sylviforme是从东北红豆杉Taxus cuspidata分离、可产生紫杉醇的内生真菌。研究以树状多节孢为材料,利用液体发酵手段获得菌丝体,通过CM-cellulose阴离子交换柱层析、Q-Sepharose阳离子交换柱层析和FPLC凝胶过滤层析（Superdex 75）,获得纯化的树状多节孢酸性磷酸酶蛋白（Nod-ACP）。结合FPLC和SDS-PAGE分析,判定该磷酸酶为分子量44kDa单亚基蛋白。酶学性质研究表明,其最适pH值为3.0,最适温度为58℃。6     

RNAi载体导入黄瓜的遗传转化体系

以黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)子叶和子叶节为外植体,利用农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)介导法建立黄瓜遗传转化体系并进行优化,将南方根结线虫(Meloidogyme incognita)寄生相关基因的RNA干扰载体导入黄瓜,通过潮霉素(Hyg)浓度梯度筛选得到99株潮霉素抗性植株。经PCR和Southern-blot检测,获得10株目的基因以单拷贝形式整合的转基因黄瓜,子叶和子叶节的Southern-blot阳性率分别为13.9%和6.9%。该研究建立并优化了RNA干扰载体导入黄瓜的高效遗传转化体系,成功获得了转基因黄瓜植株。     

Arabidopsis SOI33／AtENT8 Gene Encodes a Putative Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter That Is Involved in Cytokinin Transport In Planta

The plant phytohormone cytokinin plays an important role in many facets of plant growth and development by regulating cell division and differentiation. Recent studies have shed significant light into the mechanisms of cytokinin metabolism and signaling. However, little is known about how the hormone is transported in planta, although it has been proposed that the hormone is presumably transported in nucleoside-conjugated forms. Here, we report the identification and characterization of cytokinin transporters in Arabidopsis. We previously reported that a gain-of-function mutation in the PGA22/AtlPT8 gene caused overproduction of cytokinins in planta. In an effort to screen for suppressor of pga22/atipt8 (soi) mutants, we identified a mutant soi33-1. Molecular and genetic analyses indicated that S0133 encodes a putative equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT), previously designated as AtENT8. Members of this small gene family are presumed to be involved in the transport of nucleosides in eukaryodc cells. Under conditions of nitrogen starvation, loss-of-function mutations in SOI33/AtENT8 or in a related gene AtENT3 cause a reduced sensitivity to the nucleoside-type cytokinins isopentenyladenine riboside (iPR) and transzeatin riboside (tZR), but display a normal response to the free base-type cytokinins isopentenyladenine (iP) and trans-zeatin (tZ). Conversely, overexpression of SOI33/AtENT8 renders transgenic plants hypersensitive to iPR but not to iP. An in planta measurement experiment indicated that uptake efficiency of^3Hlabeled iPR was reduced more than 40% in soi33 and atent3 mutants. However, a mutation in AtENT1 had no substantial effect on the cytokinin response and iPR uptake efficiency. Our results suggest that SOI33/AtENT8 and AtENT3 are involved in the transport of nucleoside-type cytokinins in Arabidopsis.     

植物原生质膜的糖转运蛋白

高等植物光合细胞同化的糖类由质外体途径穿过原生质膜转运时,利用Ｈ＾＋－ＡＴＰ形成的质了左糖逆电化学势进行共转运是由糖转运蛋白介导的。文中对近年来植物原生质膜单糖和蔗糖转运蛋白的克隆、鉴定及特性,糖转运蛋白组织定位和表达及其与光合同化物运和分配的关系等同研究进展作了介绍。     

中国平颜三节叶蜂属分类研究（膜翅目∶三节叶蜂科）

记述了膜翅目三节叶蜂科平颜三节叶蜂属Ａｐｒｏｓｔｈｅｎａ Ｋｏｎｏｗ３新种：双斑平颜三节叶蜂Ａｐｒｏｓｔｈｅｍａ ｂｉｍａｃｕｌａｔａ Ｗｅｉ ｅｔ Ｗｅｎ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,黑背平颜三节叶蜂Ａｐｒｏｓｔｈｅｎａ ｎｉｇｒｏｓｃｕｔｉｓ Ｗｅｉ ｅｔ Ｗｅｎ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和天目平颜三节叶蜂Ａｐｒｏｓｔｈｅｍａ ｔｉａｎｍｕｎｉｃａ Ｗｅｉ ｅｔ Ｗｅｎ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。新种模式标本均保存在中南林学     

齿背茧蜂属一新种（膜翅目∶茧蜂科）

本文报道了采自云南的齿背茧蜂属Ａｃａｎｔｈｏｒｍｉｕｓ Ａｓｈｍｅａｓ一新种∶双色齿背茧蜂Ａ．ｂｉｃｏｌｏｒ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存于福建农业大学益虫研究室。     

节丛孢属rDNA ITS区RFLPs分析

利用PCR朢FLP方法对捕食线虫真菌节丛孢属进行了系统发育研究。以ITS1和ITS4为引物对该属10种12个菌株的核糖体DNA转录间区（ITS）进行了PCR扩增,4种内切酶（AluI、HaeIII、HpaII、TaqI）酶切。结果表明该属的ITS区长度没有明显差异,其长度范围在658～705之间,酶切图谱能体现不同种间的多态性,根据4种内切酶酶切结果,利用UPGMA法构建的节丛孢属分子系统树,基本体现了属内不同种间的亲缘关系,从分子水平证明了节丛孢属形态分类上的合理性,同时对该属属征的扩大提出疑议。     

弯孢节丛孢和厚皮单顶孢菌株的RAPD分析

对来自不同地方的7个弯孢节丛孢（ArthrobotrysmusiformisDrechsler）和9个厚皮单顶孢（Monacrosporiumeudermatum（Drechsler）Subram）标准菌株用4个随机引物（OPW-18、OPW－16、OPM-1、OPK-19）进行了随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）分析。扩增谱带聚类分析结果不能将弯孢节丛孢和厚皮单顶孢的菌株分开,具有附属丝的菌株没有被聚在一起,菌株间地理起源上的亲缘关系也没有体现,证明RAPD分析不能作为节丛孢属和单顶孢属的属间鉴别分析,附属丝地捕食线虫真菌不具分类学意义,不能以之作为成立小掘氏霉属的证据,系统聚类关系与地理来源基质也没有相关性。     

几种抗生素对节旋藻生长的抑制

用试管稀释法研究了抗生素对节旋藻抑制的动力学特征,结果表明,大多数抗生素需4—6天时间才对节旋藻表现明显的抑制效果。试验了10种抗生素对7株节旋藻生长的抑制作用,发现对节旋藻的最低抑制浓度分别为(IU/ml):红霉素0.005—0.04;氯霉素0.04—0.08;螺旋霉素0.2—0.8;青霉素0.5—2;利福平4—5;链霉素4—8;四环素10—20;土霉素16—32;庆大霉素10—40;卡那霉素800以上。     

一株转化淀粉或麦芽寡糖生成海藻糖的菌株D-97鉴定

由东北大田采集的土样中筛选到菌株D 97,该菌株胞内酶可以利用淀粉或麦芽寡糖合成海藻糖。通过生理、形态、结构特征分析及 1 6SrDNA基因全序列与参比菌株的序列比较 ,菌株D 97与食尼古丁节杆菌的 1 6SrDNA序列同源性高达 97 98% ,故将该菌株命名为食尼古丁节杆菌D 97(ArthrobacternicotinovorusD 97)。我们还将D 97菌株与日本林原公司的海藻糖生产菌———节杆菌Q36的有关生理生化特征进行了比较。