不同地理区域鲫鱼染色体银染核仁组织者的比较研究

本文对不同地理区域的鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)—滇池高背鲫、低背鲫、方正银鲫(C.auratusgibelio)的核型及核仁组织者NORs进行了比较研究,并对高背鲫来源作些初步探讨,结果如下: 1.低背鲫Carassius auratus (back low type):2n=100,22m+30sm+48t.st,NORs=4,出现于第5—6对亚中着丝粒染色体短臂。 2.滇池高背鲫Carassius auratus(back high type):2n=156,30m+46sm+80t.st,NORs=6,出现于第5—7对亚中着丝粒染色体短臂。 3.方正银鲫C.auratus gibelio:2n=162,32m+52sm+78t.st NORs=4,出现于第5—6对亚中着粒染色体短臂。     

磁处理水对鲫鱼血清蛋白和乳酸脱氢酶同工酶的影响

本试验采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,比较分析了经磁处理水饲养的鲫鱼血清蛋白谱带和ＬＤＨ同工酶谱带。结果表明：其血清蛋白和乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）同工酶的电泳谱带与对照相比有明显差异。血清蛋白谱带平均变化率为３２．５％,ＬＤＨ同工酶谱带平均变化率为１０％。两种谱带均以饲养１０ｄ的变化率最高。结果提示了磁处理水对鲫鱼最佳影响时期。     

转大麻哈鱼生长激素基因鲫鱼研究

通过显微注射方法得到了一批转大麻哈鱼生长激素基因的实验鲫鱼。斑点杂交和ＳｏｕｔｈｅｒｎＢｌｏｔ杂交证实部分实验鱼的基因组中已整合了外源生长激素基因,并有一尾鱼有比较明显的生长速度快的特征。     

四类不同倍性鲫鱼在胚胎发育期间同工酶基因表达的比较分析

Isozyme zymograms of esterase (EST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analysed by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis at different developmental stages of embryogenesis in 4 types of various ploidy crucian carp embryos, including haploids, diploids, natural triploids, and multiple tetraploids, and 2 types of haploid and diploid common carp embryos. Haploid embryos of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were produced by treating eggs with UV-irradiated milt from blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Natural triploid embryos were obtained from the eggs of gynogenetic silver crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) inseminated with milt from red common carp. Multiple tetraploid embryos were also produced by gynogenesis from eggs of the newly discovered multiple tetraploid females inseminated with milt from red common carp. Gradient gel electrophoresis indicated that the band types and staining intensity of 4 isozymes expressed in haploid embryos of crucian carp and red common carp were similar to that in the correlative diploid embryos. In natural triploid silver crucian carp embryos, the zymograms of MDH and SOD isozymes were identical with that of diploid crucian carp embryos, but the EST and LDH isozymes manifested more new enzyme bands in comparison with diploid embryos. The corresponding expressed products of some bands in the triploid embryos, such as EST5 and EST6, could be observed also in red common carp embryos, which provided evidence for hybrid origin about the gynogenetic fish. The multiple tetraploids incorporated one foreign genome of red common carp, therefore, the effects of genes from the foreign genome could be observed in the multiple tetraploid embryos. Gene expression of the isozymes in the tetraploid embryos was somewhat similar to that in hybrids. Owing to interaction of triploid silver crucian carp genomes and common carp haploid genome, some isozyme bands, such as EST5 and EST6, changed in quantity, and some bands increased, such as s-SOD1, s-SOD2, s-SOD3 and s-SOD4 in the tetraploid embryos. Moreover, the heterogeneity was revealed among embryos developed from gynogenetic eggs of 3 different multiple tetraploid individuals.     

“鲫鱼外部形态”一节的教学

“鲫鱼外部形态”一节的教学李中和（山东省平邑县第二中学２７３３００）在生物教学中如何体现义务教育新教材的特点？我在“鲫鱼外部形态”一节的教学中作了一些有益的探索。１注重启发,调动学生学习的主动性１．１采用启发探究式的教学方法进行教学先把盛有水和鲫鱼的...     

“观察和解剖鲫鱼”一节教学设计

“观察和解剖鲫鱼”这节课要达到3个目的：一是观察鲫鱼的外部形态和呼吸,进一步理解鱼类适应水中生活的特点。二是观察鲫鱼的内部结构。三是学会解剖鲫鱼的方法。教学重点是：通过实验与观察,使学生进一步理解鱼类适应水生环境的特点并掌握解剖鲫鱼的方法。教学难点是：鲫鱼的解剖方法。围绕3个目的,本节课共分为5个部分。1观察鲫鱼的外部形态这部分内容一目了然,教师精讲少讲,主要以“教师提出观察项目—学生观察—学生回答教师的提问”这一方式进行;教师的问题围绕着“体色、体形、鳞片、侧线和鳍在水中生活的意义”来提出。（1）…     

CaPKR-like在鲫鱼与草鱼组织中的表达特性分析

摘要：PKR是由干扰素诱导的最重要的抗病毒蛋白之一,能抑制细胞和病毒蛋白的合成。鲫鱼PKR基因(CaPKR-like)是鱼类第一个,也是非哺乳类脊椎动物第一个报道的PKR全长cDNA序列。本研究制备了CaPKR-like N-端包含Za结构域的多克隆抗体,采用Western blots检验PKR-like在鲫鱼和草鱼组织中的表达特性。Western blots显示在未诱导的鲫鱼和草鱼中该基因表达水平非常低,但是经Poly I:C免疫一周后,在鲫鱼和草鱼等8种组织中有较强的PKR-like蛋白产生。结果暗示：CaPKR-like与哺乳类PKR有相同的组织表达特性。。     

几种鲤鲫鳞片色素细胞和体色发生的观察

通过普通鲫、红鲫、水晶彩鲫、普通鲤、蓝鲤、荷包红鲤和锦鲤的不同色彩鳞片色素细胞和体色发生过程观察,确定组成鳞片的色素细胞有4种:红色素、黄色素、黑色素和鸟粪素细胞,分布在鳞片的上层和下层,由于组合不同、大小不同和形状不同,就形成了多种多样的不同体色。本研究描述了不同品种鲤、鲫鱼从出苗到体色形成的发生过程,总结和归纳了不同时期体色变化的异同点,以期为鱼类的体色研究提供理论依据。     

阿特拉津对雄性鲫鱼血清雌二醇含量的影响

在实验室条件下研究了除草剂阿特拉津对鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)的急性毒性以及在不同暴露浓度和不同作用时间下低剂量阿特拉津对雄性鲫鱼血清雌二醇含量的影响.结果表明:阿特拉津对鲫鱼的24、48和96 h的LC50分别为229.33、146.17和105.94 mg·L-1,安全浓度为10.59 mg·L-1;长期(24 d)暴露时,低浓度(0.1～5.0 mg·L-1)阿特拉津对雄性鲫鱼血清雌二醇的合成具有诱导作用,且1.0 mg·L-1的诱导作用最强,与对照组相比血清雌二醇含量增加了84.1%;高浓度(10.0 mg·L-1)阿特拉津对雄性鲫鱼血清雌二醇的合成具有抑制作用;在5.0 mg·L-1浓度下,各个处理时间的血清雌二醇含量均高于对照组,其中第14天时雌二醇含量最高,比对照组增加50%(P＜0.01).血清雌二醇含量的变化直接影响雄性鲫鱼的生殖功能和性征变化,因富集阿特拉津而导致血清雌二醇浓度发生显著变化的雄性鲫鱼可能会出现一定的生殖缺陷.