Comparison of Classical Models for Evaluating the Heat Requirements of Olive （Olea europeae L.） in Portugal

The aim of the present study was to compare the accuracy and reproducibility of six statistical models for the calculation of olive （Olea europeae L.） heat requirements to trigger the onset of flowering in three Portuguese regions： Reguengos de Monsaraz, Valenga do Douro, and Braga. Other alms were to ascertain the date on which the heat-accumulation period started and the threshold temperatures above which the development of reproductive structures starts in olives. The starting and peak dates for the regional O. europeae flowering season were estimated by monitoring airborne pollen from 1998 to 2004 using ＂Cour＂- type samplers. The threshold temperature values calculated for the three regions were very similar （9.0 ℃ for Valenca do Douro, 9.2 ℃ for Reguengos de Monsaraz, and 9.7 ℃ for Braga）. The accumulated daily mean temperature model had less interannual and inter-regional variation, showing best predictive results for 2004, with absolute differences between the observed and predicted dates of 4 d in Reguengos de Monsaraz and 2 d In Valenca do Douro and Braga for the onset of flowering date and of 2 d In Reguengos de Monsaraz, 7 d in Valenca do Douro, and 4 d in Braga for peak flowering dates. This model was the most accurate, reproducible, and operational to calculate heat requirements for olives to flower, with an average mean temperature accumulation of 1 446 ℃ In Reguengos, 1 642 ℃ in Valenga do Douro, and 1 703℃ In Braga to reach the onset of flowering. The best initial date for this accumulation was 1 January.     

中国老年科门诊良性前列腺增生患者就诊需求研究

目的:研究中国老年科门诊老年良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)患者的不同就诊需求.方法:采用自行设计的,对中国南、北方11个城市(北方:兰州、北京、沈阳;南方:成都、长沙,武汉、济南、南京、杭州、上海、广州)33所三级甲等医院2027例60岁及以上BPH门诊患者与医务人员沟通、采用的检查项目需求、采用的治疗方案和健康指导方面的需求进行调查.结果:本调查问卷克朗巴哈系数为0.845,表明该问卷具有较好的信度.南方北方城市患者沟通需求、诊断需求、治疗需求和健康指导需求评分差异无统计学意义.下尿路症状越严重的患者其沟通需求和健康指导需求更强烈.结论:BPH患者在其就诊中对于沟通、诊断、治疗和健康指导方面具有普遍需求.BPH患者沟通需求、诊断需求、治疗需求和健康指导需求在南北城市间无差异.且下尿路症状越严重的患者其沟通需求和健康指导需求更强烈.     

翻译科学

在科学发展的过程中,除了科学研究本身外,科学家们还面临着如何将科学研究有效地介绍给公众的问题。我们称之为“翻译科学”。从公众的反映来看,提高公众的科学意识势在必行。例如,根据一份来自美国国家科学基金会的报告(http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/seind04/start.htm),尽管很     

植物性饲料添加剂

为了改善饲料的品质,提高饲料的利用率,防止畜禽疾病,人们已经广泛使用饲料添加剂。虽然它的用量很小,但作用很大,已为广大农村饲养业主所认识。 饲料添加剂的组成成分,大致可以分为四部分:一、维生素;二、氨基酸;三、矿质元素;四、其它成分,如抗生素、激素、酶制剂、抗氧化剂、驱虫剂、防毒剂等。