中国展足蛾属五新种一新纪录种(鳞翅目:织蛾科:展足蛾亚科)

报道了中国展足蛾属5新种和1新纪录种,绘制了新种的外生殖器特科。模式标本保存在南开大学生物系。     

天目山蛾类拟态初探

天目山蛾类种类繁多,数量丰富,其拟态现象更是千姿百态,文中介绍了天目山的几种蛾类的拟态,并对蛾类不同生长阶段的拟态现象,蛾类拟态对人类活动的适应以及拟态的行为学机制等问题进行了初步探讨。     

Agrotis segetum雄蛾触角叶性信息素反应神经元对电刺激触角神经的反应

为探讨电刺激Agrotis segetum雄蛾触角神经是否可以作为MGC中神经元的识别手段,采用细胞内电生理记录方法,共记录34个对性信息素有反应的MGC神经元,并测试了其中12个神经元对性信息素刺激的反应,22个神经元对性信息素刺激和电刺激的反应。结果表明,MGC神经元对性信息素及电刺激的反应模式基本一致,为一种双相反应模式。两种刺激方式均能诱导出兴奋反应,电刺激得到的兴奋反应比由信息素刺激引起的要短;MGC神经元对两种刺激的超极化反应（抑制反应）幅度影响没有显著性差别,在电刺激实验的22个神经元上,超极化反应幅度和抑制时间都与神经元本身放电频率有一定的相关性。超极化反应是在LN参与下一定的神经回路对刺激所产生的反应而形成的。这提示两种刺激所作用的神经回路应是一致的,但从整个实验过程记录到的神经元情况来看,还须进一步结合形态学实验来验证电刺激触角神经作为MGC神经元的识别手段。     

中国胯舟蛾属分类研究 （鳞翅目：舟蛾科）

系统整理了中国胯舟蛾属（Syntypistis Turner）的全部种类共20种,包括1新种黑胯舟蛾Syntypistis melana Wu et Fang,sp. Nov. 和2中国新记录种：篱胯舟蛾 Syntypistis hercules (Schintlmeister) comb. Nov.与防胯舟蛾 Syntypistis defector (Schintlmeister) comb. Nov.,后2种均为新组合。文中提供了分种检索表,新种形态描述和外生殖器特征图。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所动物标本馆。     

绵羊胞内单精子注射技术

本文的主要目标是建立绵羊胞内单精子注射技术(intracyioplasmic sperm injection,ICSI)。并且尝试了ICSI技术生产绵羊转基因胚胎的可能性。实验1比较了绵羊卵母细胞孤雌激活的3种化学方法。结果显示,Ionomvcin/3 h/6-dimethylaminopurine(6-DMAP)和Ionomycin激活胚的卵裂率(71.7%和91.8%)和囊胚率(17.4%和11%)显著(P<0.01)高于Ca~(2+)激活胚(18.4%和0)。Ionomycin/3 h/6-DMAP激活胚的囊胚发育形态和比例相对较高。实验2中,活精子注射至卵母细胞质后,用Ionomycin/3 h/6-DMAP激活,排出第二极体(PB2)的71枚ICSI胚胎用SOFaaBSA溶液培养,卵裂率为71.8%(51/71),显著(P<0.01)高于体外受精(41.4%,IVF)和阴性对照胚胎(30.2%,sham-ICSI)。培养7天后,sham-ICSI组没有囊胚生成;ICSI和IVF胚胎的囊胚率分别为7.0%(5/71)和16.1%(9/56),两者差异不显著(P>0.05)。这些ICSI囊胚在冷冻前后均能孵化,显示初步建立了绵羊ICSI技术。另外,我们探索了ICSI技术生产转基因胚胎的可能性,-20℃冻融1次的死精子与pEGFP-N1质粒共注射,33枚2-细胞期ICSI胚胎中,2枚可见GFP蛋白。其中1枚停止发育,另外1枚继续发育至16-细胞期,仍然可见GFP基因的表达。4枚解冻的ICSI囊胚手术移植给2只发情同期化受体绵羊,60天时,B超未见怀孕。本文初步结果表明,ICSI技术生产转基因绵羊有可能性,需深入研究。     

绵羊胞内单精子注射技术

In this study, the possibility of sheep transgenesis by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was assessed. In experiment 1, activation of ovine oocytes matured in vitro in preparation for ICSI has been investigated with 3.42 mmol/L Ca2+ treatment, ionomycin alone and ionomycin followed by 6-dimethylaminopurine (DMAP) after 3-h delay (group 1, 2 and 3, respectively). After activation, the oocytes were then cultured in SOFaaBSA medium. Cleavage rates were significantly (P<0.05) different among three groups (18.4%, 91.8% and 71.7%, respectively). In additional culture, no parthenotes in group 1, whereas 11% and 17.4% in group 2 and 3 developed to the blastocyst stage. Therefore we used the third activation method in the following ICSI tests. In experiment 2, development of ovine oocytes after ICSI was investigated. Thawed semen from two rams was separated by Percoll centrifugation and was used for ICSI or in vitro fertilization (IVF) trails. A total of 71.8% of oocytes reached the 2-cell stage following living sperm injection, which was significantly (p>0.05) different from those following IVF (41.4%) and sham-ICSI (30.2%). After seven days' culture, no sham-injected oocytes developed into the blastocyst stage, although 7% in ICSI and 16.1% in IVF-oocytes developed into the blastocyst stage, but there was no significant difference in ICSI and IVF groups (p>0.05). In the further study, the possibility of sheep transgenesis by ICSI was assessed. After coinjection of ovine oocytes matured in vitro with dead sperm cold to -20 degrees C and exogenous DNA encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP), seventy-three percent of coinjected oocytes developed to 2-cell stage (33/45) and two of them were transgene-expressing embryos. Among ten embryos at the 16-cell stage, all embryonic cells in one transgenic embryo still expressed GFP. Four coinjected blastocysts were thawed and transferred to the uterine of the two progesterone-synchronized recipient ewe. No pregnancies were detected on the 60th day. These results suggested sheep transgenic embryos could be produced by ICSI and further studies should be performed.     

银杏雌雄基因组DNA间的差异性分析

本研究应用RAPD技术,应用300个10bp随机单引物及200对随机双引物组合,检测了雌雄异株银杏基因组DNA的多态性。结果表明:雌雄基因组间具有极高的相似性,在检测到的3450个标记中,仅获得1个与银杏雄性基因组相关的RAPD标记。以该标记为探针,与雌雄银杏基因组DNA的Southern杂交分析,其杂交信号在两性之间表现为限制性片段长度多态性,该结果为寻找银杏早期性别鉴定的探针以及在细胞和分子水平进一步研究其性别问题奠定了基础。     

乳突寄螨雌螨描述(蜱螨亚纲: 革螨股: 寄螨科)

乳突寄螨 Parasitus mammillatus ( Berlese,1 90 4 )雌螨 ,在所查到的文献中 ,仅记载有生殖区、头盖和螯钳的形状 [1 ,2 ] ,无其它描述。国内根据丹东标本曾描述该螨雄螨和后若螨 [3] 。本文根据朝鲜标本详细描述其雌螨。文中测量单位为 μm,括号内为测量均值。图 1- 7　乳突寄螨 Parasitus mammillatus (Berlese)1.背面 ;2 .腹面 ;3.头盖 ;4 .螯钳 ;5 .颚角 ;6 .须肢 ;7.跗节 乳突寄螨 Parasitus mammillatus ( Berlese,1 90 4 )雌螨 (图 1 - 7)体黄色 ,卵圆形 ,长 71 2 - 793( 758) ,宽 4 0 2 - 483( 4 50 )。背板覆盖整个背面 ,前背…     

中国带织蛾属四新种和二新纪录种(鳞翅目:织蛾科)

记述了中国带织蛾属Periacma Meyrick 4新种：巍山带织蛾P.wershana sp.nov。,康定带织蛾P.kangdingensis sp.nov。,双叉带织蛾P.bifurcata sp.nov,和缺斑带织蛾P.immaculata sp.nov.,同时报道了2个中国新纪录种：暹罗带织蛾P.siamensis Moriuti,Saito et Lewvanich,安带织蛾P.angkhangensis Moriuti,Saito et Lewvanich,1985。提高了新种的雌雄外生殖器特征图,模式标本保存了南开大学生物学系。     

荔枝和龙眼尺蛾科害虫的研究进展

鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)尺蛾科(Geometridae)成虫多为中型蛾类,其幼虫称为“尺蠖”,是荔枝和龙眼梢期的重点防控对象之一。目前,我国已报道的危害荔枝和龙眼的尺蛾科害虫共有10种,广东省内常见的有8种,分别为：粗胫翠尺蛾Thalassodes immissaria、大造桥虫Ascotis selenaria、大钩翅尺蛾Hyposidra talaca、油桐尺蛾Biston(Buzura)suppressaria、波纹黄尺蛾Perixera illepidaria、樟翠尺蛾Thalassodes quadraria、荔枝青尺蛾Berta chrysolineata hainanensis和间三叶尺蛾Sauris interruptaria。至今,国内外围绕荔枝和龙眼尺蛾科害虫开展的研究报道仅为15篇,其中粗胫翠尺蛾最多(7篇),而为害较普遍的荔枝青尺蛾和间三叶尺蛾尚未见研究报道。本文基于文献检索结果,着重综述了粗胫翠尺蛾、大造桥虫、大钩翅尺蛾、绿额翠尺蛾Pelagodes proquadraria和油桐尺蛾5个尺蛾科优势种的研究现状,并且从农业防治、物理防治、生物防治和化学...