中国首次发现禅邦丽足蝗及其雄性新记述(直翅目:蝗总科)

首次报道禅邦丽足蝗Habrocnemis shanensis Uvarov,1942的雄性及其在中国的分布。该种雄性区别于属模式种中华丽足蝗H.sinensis Uvarov,1930的主要特征是:第10腹节背板阔,尾片近三角形,顶端钝;肛上板较短,顶端近直角形;尾须锥形,端部直。研究标本采自云南省澜沧县,保存于大理大学生物科学馆(BMDU)。     

甘蓝型油菜温敏核不育系SP2S花蕾总蛋白质双向电泳体系的建立及应用

以甘蓝型油菜温敏核不育系SP2S及其近等基因系SP2F为材料,分别采用TCA/丙酮法和Tris-丙酮-酚法提取花蕾总蛋白,并优化电泳体系,对可育和不育花蕾中的蛋白质表达进行差异分析。结果表明:TCA/丙酮法适合于花蕾总蛋白的提取,采用10%浓度的分离胶,上样量为450μg,用pH 4~7的17 cm线性胶条和改良的考马斯亮蓝染色法得到了背景清晰、蛋白点分布均匀且重复性好的电泳凝胶图谱。利用这一实验体系,筛选出SP2S和SP2F之间大量的差异蛋白点。相比SP2F,仅在SP2S中表达的有13个点,上调2倍以上的点有4个,下调2倍以上的点有9个。     

水稻的杂种不育研究进展

水稻亚种间杂种优势利用曾使水稻单产有了很大的提高,但水稻种间与亚种间的杂种不育性仍然普遍存在,从而影响了杂种优势的进一步利用。本研究对水稻产生杂种不育的细胞学水平原因进行了分类分析,对产生杂种不育的遗传学机理进行了探讨,对各种杂种不育基因座位的定位以及已克隆获得的基因进行了全面总结,并对如何克服杂交不育与利用杂种优势提出了自己的观点。     

白菜型冬油菜不育系LRCMS花器生理生化特性及其雄蕊发育特征研究

以白菜型冬油菜‘陇油8号’ב陇油9号’杂交后代中选育出的不育系LRCMS,以及代表性甘蓝型油菜不育系(J39A、J68A、Pol10A)和它们的保持系为材料,研究LRCMS在盛花期花蕾和花中POD、SOD、CAT活性和可溶性蛋白含量、过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶谱变化特征及其雄蕊败育过程。结果显示:(1)所有参试材料花朵中POD活性普遍高于花蕾。(2)不育材料POD活性高于保持材料,甘蓝型不育材料POD活性较保持材料增加幅度大于LRCMS与‘陇油9号’,LRCMS花蕾与花的POD活性分别较保持系材料‘陇油9号’高出15.0%和9.0%;不育材料花的CAT活性高于保持系材料89%~293%,而其花蕾的CAT活性低于保持系材料25%~43%,LRCMS与其它不育材料间无显著差异;不育系材料花SOD活性低于保持系材料15%~25%,LRCMS与其它不育材料无显著差异,其花蕾SOD活性高于保持材料6%~112%,但LRCMS增加幅度低于其它不育材料;保持系材料花蕾与花中蛋白质含量为0.014~0.020mg/g,不育系材料花蕾与花中蛋白质含量为0.012~0.016mg/g,所有不育材料蛋白质含量均低于保持材料。(3)LRCMS的POD同工酶谱在花中较对应的可育系‘陇油9号’和其它甘蓝型雄性不育多1条迁移率(Rf)为0.623的条带。(4)LRCMS雄蕊败育起始于造孢细胞期,造孢细胞粘连,无核仁,绒毡层未发育,为无花粉囊型不育。研究表明,LRCMS与其他类型油菜不育系有着不同的遗传背景,是一个新的白菜型冬油菜不育类型。     

牡丹小孢子发生与雄配子体发育的超微结构研究

牡丹（Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.）花粉母细胞在减数分裂前期Ⅰ出现核液泡,其具有消化和转移细胞核中降解产物的功能。细胞发生了规律性的变化：前期Ⅰ,核糖体数量减少,质体、线粒体结构简化;末期Ⅰ和前期Ⅱ,出现细胞器带,四分体时期,细胞器分散开,结构较清晰,核糖体密度最大。小孢子时期,各结构简化,数量减少,至成熟二胞花粉时,细胞器丰富,结构恢复清晰。牡丹生殖细胞初期具壁,游离在营养细胞质内后壁消失,始终不含质体。花粉成熟时,生殖细胞和营养构成“雄性生殖单位“（MGU）。     

油菜单显性核不育及其不育基因的RAPD标记

以陕西省杂交油菜研究中心选育的单显性核不育油菜分离群体为材料,对单显性核不育油菜的育性特征、花器形态进行了多代跟踪调查;对其遗传规律进行了探讨,确定该不育性状受一对显性核基因控制;利用集群分离法(BSA)对该油菜单显性核不育基因进行了RAPD分析。在所选用的300个随机引物中,获得引物S243(5’CTATGCCGAC 3’)在可育集团与不育集团问扩增出多态性产物S-2431500。通过对该分离群体及其姐妹系分离群体进行单株验证,均获得相同的扩增结果,表明S-2431500与单显性核不育基因相连锁。     

Walnut Staminate Flowers Can Be Explored as a Supplementary Plant Oil Source

Fossil fuel Is currently the major energy source driving global socio-economy, but its stock Is being heavily depleted due to Increasing anthropogenic activities worldwide. There are also concerns regarding the burning of fossil fuels, which contributes to global climate warming and sir pollution. As such, the development of blodlesel as a non-toxic, blodegredable, and renewable alternative energy source using oil crops such as soybean and rapeseed has quickly emerged in the West countries. However, the production of oil crops In China Is far from sufficient to meet the demands of the country＇s population of 1.3 billion, and Increasing oil crop production Is Inhibited by a severe shortage of agricultural land, which currently averages 0.2 acre per person and, as such, Is less than half the world average. The current national policy in China regarding land use Is more towards revering cultivated lands in revins and hills to forestry, which presents an ideal opportunity to further develop plantations of walnut （Juglans regis L.） trees, a plant that is tolerant to drought and infertile soils and has a high oil content. Study In this paper shows that one ament of walnut staminate flowers produces about 0.168 g dry pollen, and the dry pollen contained 49.67% oil. Based on this discovery, oil yield obtained from staminate flowers Is estimated to reach 6.95% of that from walnut nuts. Thus walnut staminate flower is suggested to explore as supplementary plant oil source, and has a great opportunity to utilize as a biodlesel feedstock.     

用AFLP标记快速构建遗传连锁图谱并定位一个新基因tms5

报导了一个分子标记连锁图的快速构建方法。通过对水稻(Oryza sativa L．)“安农S-1”和“南京11”的F2分离群体的AFLP分析找到了142个AFLP标记,用这142个AFLP标记以及已定位的25个SSR标记和5个RFIP标记构建了水稻12个染色体的分子标记连锁图,该图覆盖水稻基因组的1537．4cM,相邻标记间的平均间距为9．0cM,这是在国内建立的第一张AFLP标记连锁图。在建立连锁图谱的同时把一个新基因tms5(水稻温敏核不育基因)定位在第2染色体上。     

膜翅目寄生蜂的互补性别决定机制及其在生防上的意义(英文)

在膜翅目中 ,未受精卵形成单倍体的雄蜂 ,而在大多数情况下受精卵将产生双倍体的雌蜂。但是 ,因互补性别决定机制 (CSD)的作用 ,受精卵有时也会产生双倍体雄蜂。这种性别决定机制包括单位点的CSD和多位点的CSD。在单位点的CSD作用下 ,唯一的一个性位点上的多个等位基因决定后代个体的性别。性位点上杂合的个体将是雌性 ,半合或同型结合的个体将分别形成单倍体或双倍体的雄性。在多位点的CSD作用下 ,两个或两个以上的性位点控制后代的性别 ,每个性位点上包含两个或两个以上的等位基因。如果一个或一个以上的性位点是杂合的 ,形成的双倍体后代都是雌性的 ,但若是所有的性位点都为同型合子 ,则将产生双倍体的雄蜂。在膜翅目中 ,目前已知 4 3种具有双倍体雄蜂 ,其中 2 2种发现存在单位点的CSD ,但是多位点的CSD还有待于确认。双倍体的雄性个体或者不能存活 ,或者不育 ,这样的个体形成将对寄生蜂种群的增长带来一定的遗传负担。在生物防治上 ,保护寄生蜂种群的性等位基因的多样性及减少其遗传多异性的损失极其重要。如果利用具有单位点CSD的种类 ,采取一定的措施将可避免由于双倍体雄性的形成所带来的负面影响。     

COMPLEMENTARY SEX DETERMINATION IN HYMENOPTERAN PARASITOIDS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL

In haplodiploid Hymenoptera, unfertilized eggs produce haploid males while fertilized eggs lead to diploid females under most circumstances. Diploid males can also be produced from fertilization under a system of sex determination known as complementary sex determination (CSD). Under single-locus CSD, sex is determined by multiple alleles at a single sex locus. Individuals heterozygous at the sex locus are female while hemizygous and homozygous individuals develop as haploid and diploid males, respectively. In multiple-locus CSD, two or more loci, each with two or more alleles, determine sex. Diploid individuals are female if one or more sex loci are het-erozygous, while a diploid is male only if homozygous at all sex loci. Diploid males are known to occur in 43 hym-enopteran species and single-locus CSD has been demonstrated in 22 of these species. Diploid males are either developmentally inviable or sterile, so their production constitutes a genetic load. Because diploid male production is more likely under inbreeding, CSD is a form of inbreeding depression. It is crucial to preserve the diversity of sex alleles and reduce the loss of genetic variation in biological control. In the parasitoid species with single-locus CSD, certain precautionary procedures can prevent negative effects of single-locus CSD on biological control.