久效磷对扁藻的损伤作用 Ⅱ. 叶绿素a降解与活性氧损伤的相关性

扁藻细胞在久效磷的毒性胁迫下,随着胁迫强度的增加,叶绿素a降解加剧,其含量逐渐降低。分析表明,叶绿素a含量的降低与活性氧O₂^-含量、膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量及细胞的电解质外渗率呈显着负相关;而与细胞超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及过氧化物酶(POD)活性的降低呈显着正相关,说明久效磷胁迫下扁藻细胞叶绿素a降解与其活性氧的损伤有明显相关性。     

化工废水生态毒性原因鉴别的实例研究

以南京市某一化工厂排出的废水为对象,对其生态毒性原因作了鉴别研究．结果表明,废水对Ｄａｐｈｎｉａｍａｇｎａ具有急性毒性,Ｃ１８固相提取可去除废水毒性,存在的主要毒物为非极性有机化合物．废水经Ｃ１８固相提取,发现废水中的主要可疑毒物为苯并吡喃酮和苯酚,是导致废水毒性的关键污染物,对废水毒性的贡献率分别为４４．６％和３２．９％．     

铜锌超氧物歧化酶与过氧化氢反应中羟自由基的形成

应用脱氧核糖降解法研究了离体条件下Cu,Zn-SOD与H2O2反应产生·OH,并对其机理进行了探讨。H2O2可使Cu,Zn-SOD失活,在失活过程中有·OH产生,甲酸钠和苯甲酸钠均能不同程度地保护Cu,Zn-SOD和降低H2O2与Cu,Zn-SOD反应中·OH的产额;热失活SOD也可和H2O2反应生成·OH,且效能高于活性Cu,Zn-SOD;用螫合剂脱去Cu,Zn-SOD的金属辅基后,脱辅基的SOD蛋白不能和H2O2反应产生·OH;Cu2＋和H2O2反应产生·OH的效率很高,而Zn2＋产生·OH的效率很低。实验结果提示Cu,Zn－SOD与H2O2反应产生的·OH可能是SOD活性中心的Cu2＋与H2O2发生Fenton反应的结果．     

寡聚脱氧核苷酸的结构与抗降解特性的研究

合成了４段具有不同高级结构或不同修饰的寡聚脱氧核苷酸,检查它们在２０％血清中的稳定性．发现：（１）寡核苷酸主要被血清中的３′外切核酸酶降解,未经修饰的线性寡核苷酸降解严重;（２）末端部分硫代修饰的寡核苷酸稳定性明显提高;（３）自身互补形成的配对结构可有效保护３′末端．具有４个以上（含４个）ＧＣ对的３′端发夹结构寡核苷酸,其抗核酸酶的能力几乎与硫代修饰的寡核苷酸相当．     

植物叶片衰老过程中叶绿素降解代谢研究进展

 本文对近年植物叶片衰老过程中叶绿素降解代谢研究进展作一介绍,包括叶绿素降解产物分离、检测和命名;叶绿素降解途径及降解酶系。此外,对叶绿素降解意义及今后研究趋势进行了评述。     

Effects of forest gap size on litter recalcitrant components of two tree species in Pinus massoniana plantations

Aims The objective of the study was to evaluate the dynamics of recalcitrant components during foliar litter decomposition at different forest gap size in Pinus massoniana plantation in the low hilly land, Sichuan basin. Methods The experiment was set up by thinning P. massoniana plantation to establish seven different gap sizes (G1: 100 m², G2: 225 m², G3: 400 m², G4: 625 m², G5: 900 m², G6: 1225 m², G7: 1600 m²). The contents of four recalcitrant components (condensed tannins, total phenol, lignin, cellulose) in foliar litter of two native species (Cinnamomum camphora and Toona ciliata) placed in litterbags at different locations in the forest gaps were evaluated. The litterbags placed under closed canopy were used as the control. Litterbags with air-dried leaves of C. camphora and T. ciliata were placed at center, edge of the gap and under the closed canopy in November 2013, and collected in December 2013, February 2014, May 2014 and August of 2014 for lab analysis. Important findings The results showed that: 1) Forest gap size had significant effect on the content of condensed tannins, total phenol and lignin for T. ciliata in gap center. However, the forest gap size had no significant effect on the content of recalcitrant components in the litters of C. camphora and cellulose content of T. ciliata. With the increase of gap size, except for cellulose content, the other three recalcitrant components content in small and medium sized gaps (G1-G5) were significant lower than in large gaps (G6, G7). 2) The condensed tannis content of T. ciliata at the gap center were significant lower than at the gap edge. The lignin contents at gap center of G3 was significant reduced in the C. camphora litter. The condensed tannins, total phenol, and lignin contents of T. ciliata litter in small and medium gaps significantly decreased. 3) The contents of the four recalcitrant components in both species’ foliar litter changed with time. The contents of condensed tannins and cellulose decreased and the content of lignin increased significantly with time, however, the total phenol content increased initially, and then decreased. Therefore, small and medium sized gaps (100-900 m²) could be the optimal gap sizes to promote the degradation of litter recalcitrant components for two native species in P. massoniana plantations.     

一株高效四环素降解菌的分离鉴定及其降解性能研究

四环素类抗生素在畜牧养殖业中广泛使用,但其结构复杂,难降解,容易在水环境中积蓄,进而对生态环境产生深远影响,许多国家已将抗生素污染列为重要的环境问题展开了相关的基础研究。近年来利用微生物降解环境中的抗生素污染物成为研究热点。采用选择性培养基,从某制药厂排污口的水样中分离筛选到1株具有较高降解四环素能力的菌株4002,经形态观察、生理生化测定和16S r DNA序列分析,将该菌初步鉴定为Advenella sp.。从p H、溶氧量、无机盐等方面对菌株降解四环素的性能进行研究。结果表明,该菌株降解四环素的适宜p H为7.0,在有氧条件下,30℃,150 r/min振荡培养6 d,可使初始浓度为50μg/m L四环素降解率达57.8%。无机盐对降解率有显著影响,添加Fe SO4和Mn SO4对四环素降解有促进作用,Mg SO4影响不大,Ca SO4则有抑制作用。在培养至第8天时,培养液经HPLC检测显示6.022 min处出现新的吸收峰,推测为降解产物。     

甲基对硫磷水解酶的酿酒酵母表面展示及在甲基对硫磷降解中的应用

PCR扩增假单胞菌WBC-3的甲基对硫磷水解酶基因,插入表面展示质粒pYD1的多克隆位点,构建pYD1-MPH重组质粒。重组质粒转化酿酒酵母EBY100,2%半乳糖诱导甲基对硫磷水解酶表达,并利用免疫荧光检测甲基对硫磷水解酶在酿酒酵母细胞表面的表达展示。研究了表面展示甲基对硫磷水解酶的酶学性质和酵母工程菌对水体中甲基对硫磷的降解效果。结果表明成功构建具有全细胞甲基对硫磷水解酶催化活性的酵母工程菌,经2%半乳糖诱导48 h,表面展示甲基对硫磷水解酶比酶活力为18.2 U/mg细胞干重。表面展示甲基对硫磷水解酶的最适作用pH为9.5,最适作用温度为30℃,在p H4.0-10.5之间和45℃以下稳定性较好,Mn2+、Co2+、Zn2+、Ca2+、Hg2+、K+、Ni2+对表面展示甲基对硫磷水解酶活性有激活作用,Na+、Fe3+、Ag+对展示酶活力有抑制作用。工程菌在1 h内对淡水中20 mg/L的甲基对硫磷的降解率在80%以上。     

溴代阻燃剂微生物降解的研究进展

溴代阻燃剂以其优异的阻燃性能而在工业生产和日常生活中大量使用。这些外源性的化学物质因其蓄积性、持久性、生物毒性而对人类健康和生态环境造成威胁。微生物特有的降解代谢能力为溴代阻燃剂污染治理带来了希望。但是,目前有关溴代阻燃剂的微生物降解研究仍然很少。综述了国内外在溴代阻燃剂微生物降解方面的最新研究动态,包括厌氧、好氧和基团化等生物降解方式。在此基础上,提出目前溴代阻燃剂微生物降解研究中存在的主要问题和重点研究方向,并对其在溴代阻燃剂污染治理方面的应用潜力进行展望。     

骆驼瘤胃耐受/降解去氢骆驼蓬碱细菌的筛选

【目的】中药骆驼蓬含多种生物碱,对动物有毒性。生活于荒漠半荒漠的骆驼可采食部分有毒植物而不中毒。为了解骆驼瘤胃微生物对骆驼蓬植物毒素的耐受与降解能力进行本研究。【方法】以含100mg/L纯品去氢骆驼蓬碱的M98-5培养基接种骆驼瘤胃内容物,经五代胁迫培养后分离可耐受/降解去氢骆驼蓬碱的细菌,以薄层析法检验其降解活力,以16SrRNA序列分析其进化地位。【结果】29个分离株中15株具有降解去氢骆驼蓬碱活性;16SrRNA序列分析显示,属于乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)16株,占55%;志贺氏菌属(Shigella)7株,占24%;芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)4株,占13.8%;肠球菌属(Enterococcus)和巨型肠球菌属(Megasphaera)各1株。【结论】可耐受/降解去氢骆驼蓬碱的骆驼瘤胃细菌仅限于少数几类,且检测到的具有降解活力的只有乳杆菌类。