顽拗性三七种子后熟过程超微结构和抗氧化酶变化

该研究以3年生三七成熟种子为材料,通过对三七种子种胚切片观察、抗氧化酶活性测定及相关基因表达量的变化分析,从生理、形态及转录组3个层面了解顽拗性三七种子的内在机理.结果表明:三七种子后熟0~40 d,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)的活性先升高后降低,过氧化物酶(POD)的活性升高.后熟40 d时SOD、POD、CAT、APX相关差异表达基因的FPKM值分别为28、13、356、105,皆处于较高水平,此时观察到完整的细胞结构,种胚完成形态成熟,丙二醛(MDA)含量达到了最高值,说明三七种子内部抗氧化系统抵御氧化伤害最激烈,对水分胁迫造成的氧化伤害最为敏感.伴随后熟时间的延长,膜脂过氧化作用加剧造成细胞膜的降解,导致细胞功能丧失和畸形死亡,抗氧化系统酶活性降低不能有效抵御氧化伤害可能是导致顽拗性三七种子脱水敏感的重要原因之一.     

Notch信号通路与血液系统和白血病形成

Notch基因编码着一类进化上高度保守的跨膜受体蛋白家族,其信号通路是由Notch受体、Notch配体、CSL DNA结合蛋白组成。该信号通路能够调节淋巴细胞的发育和分化过程,介导心血管系统的形成,参与肿瘤的发生和发展。近年来有研究表明,Notch信号通路在造血作用及白血病的发生过程中起关键作用。本文综述了Notch信号通路在淋巴细胞及造血干细胞的发育和分化中的作用,进一步探讨了其对造血作用和白血病发生发展的调节,以期能够对临床造血疾病的治疗提供帮助。     

长链非编码RNA及其与疾病相关性的研究进展*

人类基因组中,用于蛋白质编码的核酸序列约占1.5%,另外98.5%的非蛋白编码基因被视为"噪音"序列,并未引起人们的注意。随着测序技术的发展,人们发现大部分的基因被转录成RNA,其中多数为长度大于200nt且不编码蛋白质的长链非编码RNA(Long non-coding RNA, lncRNA),其作用机制包括支架分子、引导分子等,广泛参与细胞发育、增殖及迁移过程,且其水平的改变又与肿瘤、代谢性疾病等相关。本文主要对lncRNA的分类、作用机制及涉及的疾病等进行综述,为进一步研究lncRNA的功能机制奠定基础。     

棕鞭藻及其培养滤液对铜绿微囊藻生长及生理特性的影响

为探究藻类之间的可能存在的信息传递, 研究了棕鞭藻(Ochromonas sp.)及其培养滤液对铜绿微囊藻的生长及生理特性的影响。结果发现, 3种不同接种比例(1﹕4、1﹕1和4﹕1)的棕鞭藻与微囊藻共培养下, 微囊藻细胞密度到第4天均下降到最低值, 而棕囊藻细胞密度则显著增加。同时, 棕鞭藻培养滤液能够抑制微囊藻的生长、导致丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。此外, 棕鞭藻培养滤液也能促进微囊藻胞外多糖(EPS)含量显著增加。这表明棕鞭藻不仅能吞噬微囊藻, 而且可能释放某些化感物质抑制微囊藻生长及生理参数。这暗示了棕鞭藻可作为潜在的藻类水华控制生物, 抑制早期藻类大量增殖。     

冻融作用对土壤理化性质及风水蚀影响研究进展

冻融侵蚀在我国分布范围广,是主要土壤侵蚀类型之一,而冻融作用与其他营力复合进行侵蚀的分布范围比单纯的冻融侵蚀更广,所造成的危害也更大.本文基于国内外已有研究成果,总结评述了冻融作用对土壤理化性质及风蚀和水蚀影响的相关研究进展.冻融条件下,土壤水分发生运移,结构被破坏,土壤孔隙度、容重、抗剪强度、团聚体稳定性和有机质等理化性质均发生变化,其变化趋势和幅度与土壤质地、冻融程度有关.冻融作用通过改变土壤理化性质,增加土壤可蚀性,从而影响土壤风蚀和水蚀发生及过程,导致侵蚀强度增大.目前,冻融研究以室内模拟为主,与野外实际冻融过程差异较大,且由于试验条件不同,得到的结论无法统一,甚至相反.因此,通过室内模拟与野外实测相结合,加强冻融条件下土壤侵蚀机理研究是下一步的重点,这对季节性冻融区解冻期侵蚀预报和防治具有重要意义.     

内生黑曲霉JS-1对稻瘟病的拮抗作用研究

利用平板对峙法和牛津杯法,从疏花水柏枝、金银花、秋华柳的内生菌中,筛选出1株对稻瘟病菌具有很强抑制作用的菌株JS-1。经生理生化实验和18S rDNAITS序列分析,确定该菌株为黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)。实验结果表明,JS-1发酵液作用稻瘟病菌后,稻瘟病菌的菌丝变细,分支减少,菌丝基质颜色变浅,作用72 h后干重显著降低。进一步实验表明,该菌产生的活性物质位于其发酵液的乙酸乙酯酯相部位,对稻瘟病病菌抑制率高达96.1%。大田实验数据（天然接种圃）显示,添加该物质后,丰两优4号（中感）和广陆矮4号（易感）叶瘟病情指数分别只有16.25%和32.48%,对稻瘟病的防治取得了很好的效果,说明该菌株具有开发成高效生物农药的巨大潜能。     

Radiolabeling and biodistribution of a nasopharyngeal carcinoma-targeting peptide identified by in vivo phage display

A dodecapeptide EDIKPKTSLAFR ligand targeting CEN- 1 human nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） was identified by in vivo phage display. Two tridecapeptides and their derivatives, named YR13 （YEDIKPKTSLAFR）, EY 1 3 （EDIKPKTSLAFRY）, EY 1 3-NH2 （EDIKPKTSLAFRY-NH2） and Fmoc-YR 1 3 （Fmoc-YEDIKPKTSLAFR）, were synthesized and radiolabeled with ^[3]I. The stability in vitro, biodistribution and tissue distribution of selected phage particles in mice bearing NPC tumor were determined, and plasma metabolites analysis of radiolabeled peptides was carried out. Although Fmoc and NH2 groups could protect the peptide from deiodination, only Fmoc group inhibited the binding of Fmoc-YR13 to NPC tumors. The compound EY13-NH2, the C-terminal amide of peptide EY13, had the greatest serum stability, the least deiodination, and showed favorable tumor/blood ratios. The selected phage particles （phage 3 or phage 5） were more concentrated in NPC tumors than the control phage （initial phage display peptide library）. EY13 could also inhibit the binding of selected phage particles to tumors. The results indicated that EDIKPKTSLAFR was a good candidate in diagnostic and therapeutic NPC.     

Na^＋ and Water Uptake in Relation to the Radial Reflection Coefficient of Root in Arrowleaf Saltbush Under Salt Stress

The response of halophyte arrowleaf saltbush (Atriplex triangularis Willd) plants to a gradient of salt stress were investigated with hydroponically cultured seedlings. Under salt stress, both the Na+ uptake into root xylem and negative pressures in xylem vessels increased with the elevation of salinity (up to 500 mol/m3) in the root environment. However, the increment in negative pressures in root xylem far from matches the decrease in the osmotic potential of the root bathing solutions, even when the osmotic potential of xylem sap is taken into consideration. The total water potential of xylem sap in arrowleaf saltbush roots was close to the osmotic potential of root bathing solutions when the salt stress was low, but a progressively increased gap between the water potential of xylem sap and the osmotic potential of root bathing solutions was observed when the salinity in the root environment was enhanced. The maximum gap was 1.4 MPa at a salinity level of 500 mol/m3 without apparent dehydration of the tested plants. This discrepancy could not be explained with the current theories in plant physiology. The radial reflection coefficient of root in arrowleaf saltbush decreased with the enhanced salt stress was and accompanied by an increase in the Na+ uptake into xylem sap. However, the relative Na+ in xylem exudates based on the corresponding NaCl concentration in the root bathing solutions showed a tendency of decrease. The results showed that the reduction in the radial reflection coefficient of roots in the arrowleaf saltbush did not lead to a mass influx of NaCl into xylem when the radial reflection coefficient of the root was considerably small; and that arrowleaf saltbush could use small xylem pressures to counterbalance the salt stresses, either with the uptake of large amounts of salt, or with the development of xylem pressures dangerously negative. This strategy could be one of the mechanisms behind the high resistance of arrowleaf saltbush plants to salt stress.