Effects of biotic neighbors and habitat heterogeneity on tree seedling survival in a secondary mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest in Changbai Mountain

Aims Our study aimed to understand the effects and the relative importance of biotic neighborhood and habitat heterogeneity for tree seedling survival in a secondary mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest in Changbai Mountain, north-eastern China.
Methods The generalized mixed linear model was used to examine the relative effects of biotic neighborhood and habitat heterogeneity on seedling survival over two years.
Important findings Our results showed that both biotic neighborhood and habitat heterogeneity had significant effects on the seedling survival at community level. The local environment suitable for the adult growth was also suitable for seedling survival. The soil moisture and soil available nitrogen exhibited significant positive effects on seedling survival. On the other hand, seedling density had significant negative effects on seedling survival due to the individual competition. Particularly, we found significant negative density-dependent effects on seedling survival which was caused by conspecific adult and seedling neighbors. As expected, with the increasing of seedling survival age, the habitat heterogeneity became more important on seedling survival. These results suggest that both local biotic neighborhood and habitat heterogeneity drive seedling survival in this temperate forest, and their relative importance varies with different seedling age classes and species traits.     

中国无忧花属、仪花属和紫荆属资料

<正> 无忧花属 Saraca Linn. 1.云南无忧花(新拟) Saraca griffithiana Prain in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 66(2): 419.1887; G. F. P. Zuijderh. in Blumea 15: 417. 1967.     

广西唇柱苣苔属一新种

<正> 永福唇柱苣苔 新种 图 Chirita yungfuensis W.T. Wang, sp. nov. Affinis C. parvifoliae W.T. Wang, quae foliis minoribus late ellipticis margine integris utrinque pilis brevioribus 0.2—0.8mm longis brunneolis tectis subtus haud purpureis, stigmate late obovato 1.5 mm longo differt; habitu similis C. atropurpureae W.T. Wang, quae foliis utrinque pilis breviorlbus     

广西兴安苗儿山保护区铁杉与阔叶树混交林的主要类型及其合理利用的方向

铁杉特别是南方铁杉是苗儿山保护区的明显标志。本文着重介绍铁杉与阔叶树混交林的主要类型,指出它们主要分布在分水岭区域,林木生长密茂,植物种类繁多,涵养水源能力强,应加强保护,发挥其涵养水源和植物资源库的作用。林中有许多珍贵、速生树种,可选为周围山地造林树种,广泛栽培。     

广西鱼黄草属一新种

<正> 多年生草本。茎细长,匍匐,上部常缠绕,密被长硬毛。叶椭圆形或卵状披针形,长1.8—5厘米,宽0.8—2.5厘米,全缘,顶端锐尖或近圆形,具短尖头,基部近圆形,浅心形或阔楔形,边缘密被及两面疏被长硬毛,背面脉上毛常较密,侧脉每边3—6条,两面凸起,小脉平行横出,在叶面不显,在叶背明显突起;叶柄长3—8毫米,密被长硬毛。花序的苞叶卵形,基部截形,少为浅心形或近圆形。聚伞花序腋生,具花1—3朵,仅1花能育,花序梗长约5毫米;苞片线形,极小,长2—3毫米;花蕾狭卵形,顶端长渐尖;萼片披针形,近等     

普洱市周边地区4种土地利用类型土壤种子库特征

通过对云南普洱市周边地区次生季风常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林、人工更新形成的针叶林及茶园等4种土地利用类型的野外调查及土壤种子库的萌发实验,探讨其土壤种子库的密度大小、物种丰富度和组成及与地上植被的关系。结果表明:干扰强度与频度不同导致土地利用类型之间土壤种子库密度与物种丰富度存在较大差异,土壤种子库密度大小顺序为:针叶林(248.67±116.86)粒·m-2>针阔混交林(186.00±43.27)粒·m-2>次生季风常绿阔叶林(107.33±16.48)粒·m-2>茶园(51.67±10.17)粒·m-2;茶园土壤种子库物种丰富度要显著低于其他类型。4种土地利用类型土壤种子库生活型组成差异极显著,主要以草本植物组成,以菊科与禾本科占优势;针阔混交林的草本植物种子密度最多,非森林的原生物种是草本植物的主要组成;针叶林外来物种的种子密度要显著高于其他类型,紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)是其主要组成。土壤种子库与地上植被的相似性系数较低,其大小顺序为:次生季风常绿阔叶林(0.175)<针阔混交林(0.176)<针叶林(0.215)。     

阔口尖毛虫皮层纤毛器微管在不同生理条件下的分化

应用激光扫描共聚焦显微术,显示腹毛类纤毛虫阔口尖毛虫(Oxytricha platystoma)无性生殖过程中,新的口围带、波动膜、额腹横棘毛、左右缘棘毛微管先后分化,老纤毛器微管去分化,细胞分裂产生各含一套纤毛器微管的前、后两仔虫;生理改组过程中,口围带、波动膜、额腹横棘毛、左右缘棘毛微管发生去分化和再分化,细胞皮层微管胞器更新形成含一套纤毛器微管的新细胞。结果表明阔口尖毛虫在无性生殖和生理改组这两种不同的生理条件下,其纤毛器微管结构的形成或更新可能具有相同的细胞调控机制,形态发生中老纤毛器结构可能对新结构的发生和发育具有诱导定位和物质贡献的作用。     

卵形鲳鲹幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率的初步研究

运用封闭流水式实验方法对不同体重和放养密度的卵形鲳鲹(Trachinoms ovatus)幼鱼耗氧率和排氨率进行了初步的研究。结果表明,卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的耗氧率随着鱼体重的增加而逐渐下降,排氨率总体上也呈降低的趋势,体重对卵形鲳鲹耗氧率、排氨率的影响均达到显著水平(P0.05);光照对卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的耗氧率和排氨率影响非常显著(P0.01),幼鱼在遮光条件下的耗氧率和排氨率分别比在自然光照条件下要低25.18%～40.76%和16.28%～40.28%;随着放养密度的增加,卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的耗氧率逐渐降低,排氨率随着密度的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势,放养密度对卵形鲳鲹耗氧率、排氨率的影响均达到显著水平(P0.05)。卵形鲳鲹的耗氧率和排氨率具有明显的昼夜变化,白天的耗氧率和排氨率均高于夜间值,耗氧率的低谷值为高峰值的69.68%,排氨率的低谷值为高峰值的30.91%。卵形鲳鲹幼鱼的窒息点溶解氧含量为(0.991±0.058)mg/L。     

美国北卡罗来纳州上三叠统北方阔齿兽(犬齿兽类:横齿兽科)的齿系和牙齿替换(英文)

描述了产自美国北卡罗来纳州上三叠统横齿兽类北方阔齿兽新材料的牙齿。基于牙齿的特征,尤其是犬后齿的形态,这些标本被暂归入杰斐逊北方阔齿兽Boreogomphodon jeffersoni;不过它们的下阔齿型犬后齿前横脊一般有两个而不是3个齿尖。根据牙齿大小、直接替换情况,推测阔齿型齿从后部萌发,从前部脱落。这个类群仅有一代阔齿型犬后齿;至少有一代,可能是两代裂齿型犬后齿。