草酸在提高大豆磷吸收利用及抗铝性中的作用

将1mmol/L草酸（pH=6.0)加入到4种难溶性含磷化合物（FePO4、CaHPO4、AlPO4和磷矿粉）的水溶液中,其溶出磷的含量均显著提高,溶磷量随着反应时间的延长首先增大,然后有所下降。水培条件下大豆利用磷矿粉中磷的能力很差,加入1mmol/L草酸（pH=6.0)能促进大豆对磷矿粉中磷的吸收利用,表明草酸可能通过螯溶磷矿粉中的磷而提高了其有效磷的含量。200μmol/L铝离子能显著抑制大豆根的生长,而60μmol/L草酸能基本解除其抑制作用。     

铝毒胁迫诱导菜豆柠檬酸的分泌与累积

水培试验结果表明 ,铝毒诱导菜豆柠檬酸的分泌与累积存在着显著的基因型差异 .Al3 + 浓度 <5 0 μmol·L-1时 ,柠檬酸分泌量随Al3 + 浓度的增大而增加 ;Al3 + 浓度在 5 0～ 80 μmol·L-1时 ,柠檬酸分泌量随Al3 + 浓度的增大而减小 .不同菜豆基因型以G1984 2的柠檬酸分泌量最大 ,单位干重Al吸收量最小 .铝毒胁迫时 ,不同菜豆基因型叶片柠檬酸累积量无明显差异 ,根系柠檬酸累积量为G1984 2 >AFR >ZPV >G5 2 73.菜豆柠檬酸分泌量缺P处理 <铝毒胁迫 ,5 0 μmol·L-1LaCl3 不能诱导菜豆分泌柠檬酸 ,表明柠檬酸的分泌与累积是菜豆抗铝毒胁迫的重要生理反应     

长白山鹅膏菌肽类毒素的HPLC分析*

采用HPLC法对长白山地区分布的10种鹅膏菌中的-鹅膏毒肽(-amanitin)、鹅膏毒肽(-amanitin)和鬼笔毒肽(phalloidin)3种毒素的含量进行了测定。结果表明:白鹅膏(A.verna)和鳞柄白鹅膏(A.virsa)中含有-amanitin和-amanitin两种毒素,二者-amanitin的含量分别为 1861.85g/g和2477.02g/g,均高于欧洲产毒鹅膏(A.phalloides)中的含量(1607g/g)而接近灰花纹鹅膏Amanita fuliginea中的量(2633.80g/g)。毒鹅膏A.phalloides中含有3种毒素,并且菌蕾中的含量高于成熟子实体,尤其菌蕾中Phalloidin的含量(1113.35g/g)是灰花纹鹅膏成熟子实体中(432.5g/g)的3倍。     

铝胁迫下小麦根尖分生细胞中Ca2+分布变化

运用透射电镜细胞化学方法对铝胁迫下小麦根尖分生细胞中Ca2+分布的变化进行了观察,在正常生长条件下,Ca2+广泛分布于细胞质、细胞核、细胞间隙中,特别是液泡中有大量的Ca2+沉淀颗粒;在Al3+胁迫条件下,细胞质、细胞核中Ca2+沉淀颗粒明显减少,分布发生改变,细胞质中液泡增多,但其中Ca2+沉淀颗粒明显减少.结果表明,Al3+不但抑制了根尖细胞对Ca2+的吸收,而且引起细胞中原有Ca2+分布的变化,这很可能引起细胞功能的紊乱,进而影响根系的生长.     

应用抗蝮蛇毒血清发生速发过敏反应的护理体会

抗蝮蛇毒血清是治疗蝮蛇咬伤的特效药 ,但其最常见的不良反应是过敏反应 ,如处理不当 ,常引起严重后果 ,甚至危及生命。我院自 1 999年至今共收治蝮蛇咬伤 5 6 6例 ,使用抗蝮蛇毒血清治疗5 1 7例 ,其中发生速发性过敏反应的有 2 1例。现将临床观察和护理体会报告如下。1　临床资料　　本组患者 2 1例 ,其中男 1 2例 ,女 9例 ,年龄在 5～ 5 2岁。临床分型与表现 :轻型 7例 ,皮肤出现荨麻疹、红斑 ;中型 9例 ,皮肤出现荨麻疹、红斑 ,恶心呕吐 ;重型 5例 ,皮肤出现荨麻疹、红斑 ,全身出冷汗 ,恶心呕吐 ,胸闷 ,呼吸困难 ,休克。治疗方法及结果 :…     

毛花洋地黄植物与培养细胞之间的羟化能力的关系

为了寻找具有高羟基化能力的细胞株系，首先研究了毛花洋地黄培养细胞的羟化能力与原植物的羟化能力和地戈辛含量之间的关系，分析了各种不同的细胞系对β－甲基洋地黄毒甙的生物转化活性，这些不同的细胞系是来源于各种具有不同地戈辛含量和羟基化率的毛花洋地黄植物，实验结果表明，培养细胞的羟化能力与原植物的羟化能力之间不存在相应的依附关系。     

Effects of peach branches returning on autotoxins and microbes in soil and tree growth of peaches

Aims This study aimed to investigate the effects of branch returning on the growth of peach (Amygdalus persica "Chunmei/Maotao") saplings, soil enzyme activity, and soil contents of phenolic acids and amygdalin, thereby providing scientific evidence against the application of branch returning for peach trees. Methods One-year-old potted peach tree (Amygdalus persica "Chunmei/Maotao") was used in this study with four agricultural treatments applied, including soil coverage by fragmented peach tree branches (fragment treatment;1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1) and applying leachate solutions of peach tree branches to soil (leachate treatment; 1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1). No branch addition was used as control (CK). Solid phase extraction, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), biological high-throughput sequencing was used to determine the content of autotoxic substances, and microbial community structure in soil. Soil coverage and leachate solution treatments of 30 g and 450 g branches applied to the peach trees were described as 1.5 and 22.5 g·kg^-1, respectively in this paper.Important findings Compared with CK, the phenolic acid and amygdalin contents significantly increased after both fragment and leachate treatments in high quantities (22.5 g·kg^-1). Soil microbial community structure altered in both treatments, with the proportion of fungi (particularly Agaricomycetes, Tubeufia and Cystofilobasidiaceae) increased significantly and bacteria decreased accordingly. Invertase activity in both high-quantity treatments exceeded that in the CK significantly. The activity of catalase and urease was higher at first and then decreased relative to CK under high-quantity fragment and leachate treatments. Specifically, the effect of leachate treatment on enzyme activity was higher than the fragment treatment in the short term. Chlorophyll content, ground diameter (diameter of 5 cm from the ground) growth and net photosynthesis rate of plants were lower in high-quantity fragment and leachate treatments than those in CK, with earlier retardation of new shoot growth. We observed an increase in soil phenolic acids and enzymes in treatments in normal pruning quantity, while no inhibition effect was found on the tree growth. In conclusion, autotoxins (such as phenolic acid and amygdalin) inhibited the growth of peach trees both directly and indirectly through changing soil enzyme activity and microbial community.     

不同耐铝型杉木幼苗叶片抗氧化系统对铝胁迫的响应特征

为探讨铝胁迫对杉木抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(AsA-GSH)循环的影响,明确AsA-GSH循环在杉木耐铝性中的作用,以耐铝(YX26)和铝敏感型(YX5)杉木家系为材料,分析了铝胁迫对不同耐铝型杉木叶片氧化损伤、抗氧化酶活性和AsA-GSH循环系统的影响。结果表明:(1)铝胁迫显著增加杉木叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量,而且YX5叶片中MDA含量增幅显著大于YX26。(2)铝胁迫不同程度增加了2个杉木家系叶片过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDAR)活性以及抗坏血酸(AsA)、脱氢抗坏血酸(DHA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)含量,而且除AsA含量外,铝胁迫下YX26中上述酶活性和非酶性抗氧化剂含量的增幅均大于YX5。(3)铝胁迫下YX5叶片中过氧化氢酶(CAT)和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)的活性受到显著抑制,而YX26中这两个酶的活性却有所增加,且YX26中的DHAR活性显著高于对照。(4)铝胁迫抑制了2个杉木家系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,但YX26中SOD活性的降幅小于YX5。研究认为,铝胁迫下通过维持AsA-GSH循环酶活性和非酶性抗氧化系统的高效运转,增强自身活性氧清除能力是耐铝型杉木家系具有较强铝耐能力的生理基础。     

探究黄热病毒NS1蛋白在感染早期的诊断价值

为了探讨黄热病毒(Yellow fever virus,YFV)非结构蛋白1(Nonstructural protein 1,NS1)在感染早期的诊断价值。颅内注射YFV-17D感染乳鼠,每日处死1窝,收集抗凝血。Vero细胞和C6/36细胞感染YFV-17D病毒后,每隔12h收集培养上清。分别采用荧光定量PCR和基于YFV NS1多克隆抗体的双抗体夹心酶联免疫(Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)方法检测感染后乳鼠血液、C6/36和Vero细胞上清中YFV的扩增情况和NS1蛋白的分泌规律。乳鼠感染YFV-17D后第2d在血清中即可检测到YFV NS1,第3d血液中检测到YFV核酸。敏感细胞株在感染YFV-17D后第36h培养上清中可检测到YFV NS1,而48h后才能检测到YFV核酸。YFV NS1蛋白具有作为YFV感染早期的诊断靶标的潜在价值。