陷胸茎蜂亚科(昆虫纲)化石在我国辽西上侏罗统的发现及其系统演化

描述产自辽宁北票上园地区黄半吉沟上侏罗统义县组下部膜翅目昆虫化石1新属新种Trematothoracoides liaoningensis gen. et sp. nov., 归入葬茎蜂科(Sepulcidae)中的陷胸茎蜂亚科(Trematothoracinae)。这是首次在我国发现可靠的陷胸茎蜂化石,也是该亚科在侏罗纪的首次报道。分支分析结果表明Trematothoracinae为一单系类群。Thoracotrema与Prosyntexis进化程度较高,构成一对姊妹群,同时又是Trematothorax的姊妹群;Trematothoracoides最为原始,为Thoracotrema+Prosyntexis+Trematothorax的姊妹群。     

陷胸式蜂亚科（昆虫纲）化石在我国辽西上侏罗统的发现及其系统演化

描述产自辽宁北票上园地区黄半吉沟上侏罗统义县组下部膜翅目昆虫化石1新属新种Trematothoracoides liaoningensis gen.et sp.nov.,归入薤式产（Sepulcidae)中的陷胸茎蜂亚科（Trematothoracinae)。这是首次在我国发现可行的陷胸茎蜂化石,也是该亚科在侏罗纪的产次报道,分支分析结果表明Trematothoracinae为一单系类群。Thoracotrema与Prosyntexis进化程度较高,构成一对姊妹群,同时又是Trematothorax的姊妹群,Trematothoracoides最为原始,为Thoracotrema Prosymtexis Trematothorax的姊妹群。     

龙脑香科植物望天树的居群遗传结构及分化

运用“水平切片淀粉凝胶是泳等分析”方法,对国家一级珍稀濒危保护植物望天树（Parashorea chinensis)进行了遗传多样性和居群分化的研究,通过对分布于滇南,滇东南和桂西南的9个天然居群（中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园引种载培的2个人工居群作为对照）,11个酶系统16个等位酶位点的研究表明,望天树群体内遗传变异水平极低,多态位点比率P为6．25％－12．50％（平均为6．82％）,等位基因平均数A为1．06－1．13（平均为1．07）,平均期望杂合度He为0．032－0．054（平均为0．035）,平均观测杂合度Ho为0．063,所有居群Pgm-1位点的基因型均为杂合体,其余位点的基因型均为纯合体,居群间存在低水平的遗传分化,GST值为0．030,结果表明不同于其它热带植物的报道,望天树群体的遗传结构单一,一方面反映了群体内存在大量的内繁育（无融合生殖,近交）,另一方面也说明了在进化过程中该种曾经历了严重的瓶颈效应,遗传变异大量丧失。     

认识和改良中国小麦蛋白质量的遗传基础:策略与现有的研究

认识和改良中国小麦蛋白质量的遗传基础:策略与现有的研究@王道文$中国科学院遗传研究所植物细胞与染色体工程国家重点实验室!北京100101@曲乐庆$中国科学院遗传研究所植物细胞与染色体工程国家重点实验室!北京100101@贾旭$中国科学院遗传研究所植物细胞与染色体工程国家重点实验室!北京100101@张相岐$中国科学院遗传研究所植物细胞与染色体工程国家重点实验室!北京100101@万永芳$中国科学院遗传研究所植物细胞与染色体工程国家重点实验室!北京100101@李振声$中国科学院遗传研究所植物细胞与染色体工程国家重点实验室!北京100101小麦;;蛋白…     

一个母系遗传非综合征耳聋大家系mtDNA序列分析

通过分析本家系mtDNA序列,探讨淮阴一非综合征耳聋大家系患病的分子遗传学机制.采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增mtDNA与非综合征耳聋相关位点nt1555、nt7445的区域和人类种群研究的D-loop区、PCR-异源双链分析、PCR-RFLP、PCR产物克隆序列测定等技术对该家系进行了系统的研究.发现该家系中全部母系亲属有mtDNAA1555G突变,而家系中非母系个体、对照组(100例正常个体)的mtDNA1555位点均为A.该家系mtDNA7445位点无突变;该家系属于II型线粒体;发现家系D-loop区存在未见报道的碱基插入.提示mtDNAA1555G位点突变可能是导致该家系患者致聋的主要因素之一.遗传背景可能对家系疾病的表型存在一定程度的影响。 Abstract:We find an extensive nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness family in Huaiyin,and investigate the possible molecular genetic mechanism of matrilineal nonsyndromic sensorineural deafness.We use PCR,combined with PCR-heteroduplex analysis,PCR-RFLP and sequencing techniques to examine part of 12S rRNA,tRNAser(UCN),and D-loop region of this pedigree.1)We found an A to G transition at position 1555(A1555G) of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA from all the patients and four matrilineal.2)An new nucleotide insertion was indentified in D-Loop region.3)According to the polymorphism of D-loop,this pedigree belong to mitochondrial type II.The study showed that the A1555G mutation may be one of major factors in progressive inherited deafness of this family and genetic background should be investigated in the future.     

苹果遗传转化的研究进展

苹果的遗传转化技术通过分子手段改良苹果,有助于缩短其育种周期.最近十年,在该领域的研究取得很大进展,涉及到一些重要的苹果基因型及有用的外源基因.迄今,苹果的遗传转化主要采用农杆菌介导法,侵染与转化材料的再生是影响其转化效率的关键过程,了解其影响因素,寻找有利因素以提高转化效率是目前苹果遗传转化研究的重点。 Abstract:Techniques of apple genetic transformation can improve apple trees and shorten the breeding cycle by molecular methods.In the last years,great progress has been made in this field,which involves a number of important apple genotypes developed.So far,apple genetic ransformation mainly adopts Agrobacterium-mediated technique,involving infection and transgenic tissue regeneration,which are important steps to affect the transformation efficiency.The initial work to the date is to know and to search for the factors which can increase the efficiency.     

两栖爬行动物的分子系统发生

介绍了两栖爬行动物分子系统发生研究中选用的分子信息的种类及已发表的蛙类,蟾蜍类,龟类,蜥蜴类和蛇类等的分子系统学研究,这些研究中使用的DNA信息主要为mtDNA序列,也使用了一些核DNA序列。其研究的内容涉及目间,科间等高级阶元的系统发生关系,以及属间,种间以及亚种或种群间的系统发生关系。     

痕量胺相关受体1信号转导通路的研究进展

痕量胺相关受体1 (trace amine-associated receptor 1, TAAR1)是一类经典G蛋白耦联受体,广泛分布于哺乳动物的脑内,尤其是边缘系统和富集单胺能神经元的区域,是一种在所有物种中高度保守的TAAR亚型。TAAR1可以特异性应答中枢神经系统和外周组织中的内源性微量胺,在单胺系统和谷氨酸系统失调引发的精神障碍的病理生理学机制中具有重要意义。另外,TAAR1调节剂可以作用于内向整流钾离子通道,对突触传递和神经元活动具有调节作用。最新的研究表明,TAAR1通过调节细胞内信号通路和底物磷酸化发挥一系列生理功能,与情绪、认知、恐惧和成瘾有着密切的联系。本综述对TAAR1信号转导通路的相关研究进行了详细的梳理,旨在揭示TAAR1作为神经精神疾病药物治疗新靶点的巨大潜力。     

简单高效的根癌农杆菌介导的水稻基因转化方法

本文在研究影响农杆菌介导的水稻转化的主要因素基础上,建立了一套简单、高效的水稻转基因系统。将水稻成熟胚来源的愈伤组织用农杆菌EHA101／pHQ9,EHA101／pHQ10,EHA101／pHQT3感染后,筛选抗性愈伤,经分化获得转化株。抗性愈伤的平均得率为约100个愈伤／g愈伤外植体,抗性愈伤的分化频率平均高达85％。转基因植株的GUS染色、Southern杂交结果表明,T-DNA上的外源基因已整合进转基因植物的基因组中。转基因植株T1代对潮霉素的抗性表明,多数转基因株系符合孟德尔分离比3：1。该系统的建立将有助于应用T—DNA标签法和基因打靶法进行水稻功能基因组的研究。     

中国人结肠癌nm23H1基因遗传不稳定性的研究

Techniques such as DNA extraction from paraffin-embedded tissues, polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP), ordinary silver stain, Envision immunohistochemistry and Leica-Qwin computer imaging techniques were used to study microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of locus D17S396 at the 17th chromosome of Chinese patients and their influence on the expression of gene nm23H1, and to clarify the relationship between the genetic instability of gene nm23H1 and the development of colon cancer, which may provide experimental basis for clinical treatment. In our experiments, the frequency of MSI, LOH and nm23H1 protein reacted positive of 30 cases of colon cancer were 26.67%, 20.00% and 53.33% respectively. In tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, the positive frequency of MSI (43.75%) and nm23H1 protein (81.25%) in stage I + II were more than those (MSI 7.14%, p < 0.05 and nm23H1 21.43%, p < 0.01) in stage III + IV, while the frequency of LOH (35.71%), which had a rising trend along with the Duke's staging increasing, was higher than that of LOH (6.25%, p < 0.05) in stage I + II. The positive frequency of nm23H1 protein in the group of tubular adenocarcinoma (60.00%) was distinctively higher than that in the group of mucoid adenocarcinoma (20.00%, p < 0.01), showing a rising trend along with the increase of the differentiation degree of tubular adenocarcinoma. Furthermore, the positive frequency of nm23H1 protein in MSI positive group was also higher than MSI negative group (p < 0.05). And there was no difference in nm23H1 protein expression analyzed by computer imaging techniques. The results of experiments indicated that both MSI and LOH controlled the development of sporadic colon cancer independently in different paths. LOH occurred mostly in the late period of sporadic colon cancer and endowed with it a high aggressive and poor prognosis. In contrast, MSI was an early period molecule marker of sporadic colon cancer. Increasing the amount of nm23H1 protein expression could effectively restrain colon cancer metastasis and improved prognosis of sporadic colon cancer patients.