固定化脂肪酶选择性水解废弃鱼油富集DHA和EPA甘油酯

以鱼油下脚料为原料．以固定化Geotrichum sp．脂肪酶为催化剂,选择性水解粗鱼油,使目标脂肪酸EPA和DHA富集于甘油骨架上,显著提高了甘油酯中EPA和DHA的质量分数。通过单因素试验和响应面分析得出最佳水解条件：2g粗鱼油,2．5g水,221．3U脂肪酶,30℃,反应11．7h。最佳条件下的水解度为42．1％。EPA和DHA质量分数分别为7．8％和41．1％。经过二次水解后,水解度提高到45．9％,EPA和DHA质量分数分别提高到8．5％和42％。与初始鱼油相比,分别提高了2倍和2．2倍。     

Proteolytic regulatory mechanism of chemerin bioactivity

Chemerin is a novel chemoattractant recognized by chemokine-like receptor 1 （CMKLR1）, a serpentine receptor expressed primarily by plasmacytoid dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages. Human pro- chemerin circulates in plasma as an inactive precursor. Its chemotactic activity is expressed upon cleavage of the C-terminal amino acid residues by proteases of the coagulation, fibrinolytic, and inflammatory system. The C-terminal cleavage site of prochemerin is highly conservative, indicating that the proteolytic regulation of chemerin bioactivity is a common mechanism undertaken by different species. In this review, we summarized chemerin-proteases interactions（ chemerin receptors, and their importance in normal and pathologic conditions.     

异源表达NADH选择性氧化酶提高光滑球拟酵母酵解速率及丙酮酸生产强度

摘要：【目的】为进一步提高光滑球拟酵母(Torulopsis glabrata)葡萄糖代谢速率及丙酮酸生产强度。【方法】将源于荚膜胞浆菌(Histoplasma capsulatum)的编码选择性氧化酶的AOX1基因过量表达于T. glabrata中,获得了一株线粒体内NADH氧化途径发生改变且胞内总NADH 氧化酶活性提高1.8倍的重组菌株AOX。【结果】与出发菌株CON比较,细胞浓度以及发酵周期降低了20.3%和10.7%,而平均比葡萄糖消耗速率和丙酮酸合成速率分别提高了34.7%和54.1%。其原因     

天然多羟基化合物在酶催化下的选择性酯化

综述了近十几年来几种天然多羟基化合物包括皂草苷类、黄酮苷类、生物碱类、甾醇类、倍半萜(烯)化合物、熊果苷和槐糖脂在脂肪酶和枯草杆菌蛋白酶催化下的选择性酯化。     

植物GPATs基因研究进展

甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶(Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, GPAT)是三酰甘油(Triacylglycerol, TAG)生物合成的限速酶, 催化TAG生物合成的起始步骤。GPATs主要负责将脂肪酰基从酰基-酰基载体蛋白(acyl-ACP)或酰基辅酶A(acyl-CoA)上转移到甘油-3-磷酸的(Glycerol-3-phosphate, G3P) sn-1位置上。有些成员还具有sn-2酰基转移活性。目前已经在多种植物中克隆得到了GPAT基因。这些GPAT基因编码的酶主要分为三类, 它们在细胞中分别定位于质体、线粒体和内质网上。这些酶参与三酰甘油、几丁质和软木脂等多种脂质的生物合成, 在植物的生长发育中发挥着非常重要的作用。文章介绍了植物GPAT基因的染色体定位和基因结构以及GPAT酶的亚细胞定位、sn-2酰基转移特异性、GPAT酶的底物选择性及其生理功能的最新研究进展。     

Ser203在大鼠脑驱动蛋白水解ATP中重要作用的晶体学分析

鼠脑驱动蛋白（rat brain kinesin）是一种利用水解ATP所释放的能量在微管束上高速并且连续性运动的常规驱动蛋白. 它在神经突触的物质运输中起着重要作用. 研究驱动蛋白是如何将ATP中储藏的化学能转化为机械动能是理解其运动机能的重要课题. 本课题获得了鼠脑驱动蛋白单体与ATP结构类似物AMPPCP形成的复合物晶体结构. 将这个晶体结构与鼠脑驱动蛋白单体-另一种ATP结构类似物AMPPNP形成的复合物晶体结构以及鼠脑驱动蛋白单体-ATP水解产物ADP形成的复合物晶体结构进行相互比较,揭示了活性中心的开关区域I中丝氨酸203可能作为质子的供体,加速了ATP中gamma-磷酸和beta-磷酸的断裂,从而导致ATP的水解.     

一株高效降解纤维素菌株的筛选及其产酶能力研究

目的筛选并鉴定一种产纤维素酶能力较高的菌株,为纤维素的高效利用贮备菌源。方法用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)平板筛选产纤维素酶菌株,通过LB培养基对其进行纯化,16SrDNA基因序列分析其分类地位,3,5-二硝基水杨酸法(DNS)测定其产酶能力。结果分离纯化得到的产纤维素酶菌株(S1)为芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus genus)的短小芽胞菌,在最佳产酶条件下产酶含量达到1 204U/mL,产纤维素酶能力与里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)相当,但其产酶速率较里氏木霉低。结论 S1是一株产纤维素酶能力较高的菌株,产酶条件温和,初步鉴定为一种新种,具有较高研究及应用价值。     

烟草钾营养对Q型烟粉虱发育、存活和寄主选择性的影响

【目的】明确烟草钾营养对Q型烟粉虱Q-biotype Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)的寄主选择性、发育和存活的影响,旨在为通过调节寄主植物营养控制Q型烟粉虱种群数量提供理论依据。【方法】水培法培养经K1(0 mmol/L)、K2(3 mmol/L)、K3(6 mmol/L)、K4(9 mmol/L)及K5(12 mmol/L)5个不同钾浓度处理的烟草,研究Q型烟粉虱在不同处理烟草上的寄主选择性、发育历期和存活率。【结果】Q型烟粉虱在不同钾浓度处理烟草上的寄主选择性、发育历期和存活率均有显著差异,取食和产卵偏好性顺序为K2>K1>K3>K4>K5,卵到成虫羽化发育历期顺序为K5(22.54 d)>K4(2 1.96 d)>K1(20.92 d)>K2(20.32 d)>K3(20.23 d),卵到成虫羽化存活率顺序为K3(88.72%)>K2(85.05%)>K1(82.03%)>K4(77.02%)>K5(69.92%)。【结论】可以通过调节钾营养来控制Q型烟粉虱在烟草上的种群数量。     

Increased β-Cyanoalanine Nitrilase Activity Improves Cyanide Tolerance and Assimilation in Arabidopsis

Plants naturally produce cyanide （CN） which is maintained at low levels in their cells by a process of rapid assimilation. However, high concentrations of environmental CN associated with activities such as industrial pollution are toxic to plants. There is thus an interest in increasing the CN detoxification capacity of plants as a potential route to phytoremediation. Here, Arabidopsis seedlings overexpressing the Pseudomonas fluorescens β-cyanoalanine nitrilase pinA were compared with wild-type and a β-cyanoalanine nitrilase knockout line （△Atnit4） for growth in the presence of exogenous CN. After incubation with CN, ＋PfpinA seedlings had increased root length, increased fresh weight, and decreased leaf bleaching compared with wild-type, indicating increased CN tolerance. The increased tolerance was achieved without an increase in β-cyanoalanine synthase activity, the other enzyme in the cyanide assimilation pathway, suggesting that nitrilase activity is the limiting factor for cyanide detoxification. Labeling experiments with [^13C] KCN demonstrated that the altered CN tolerance could be explained by differences in flux from CN to Asn caused by altered β-cyanoalanine nitrilase activity. Metabolite profiling after CN treatment provided new insight into downstream metabolism, revealing onward metabolism of Asn by the photorespiratory nitrogen cycle and accumulation of aromatic amino acids.