入侵性杂草皱匕果芥在中国的适生区预测及分析

[目的]对入侵性杂草皱匕果芥在我国的适生区进行预测,为入侵风险评估和损失预测提供数据支撑,同时为控制预案制定提供科学依据。[方法]先用ENMTools和SPSS分别对分布数据和环境变量进行筛选,再调用R程序包Kuenm校准MaxEnt模型确定最优参数设置,然后使用MaxEnt和ArcMap对皱匕果芥在中国的适生区进行预测,并将已公布的进境粮食指定监管场地、进口粮食加工企业地理位置与皱匕果芥在中国的适生区进行匹配分析。[结果]最冷月份最低温度、温度季节变化标准差和最冷季度降水量是对MaxEnt模型拟合重要性排名前3位的环境变量,最冷月份最低温度可能是影响皱匕果芥发生分布的最重要的自然因素;皱匕果芥在中国的中度适生区占中国陆地总面积的15.13%,主要集中在秦岭-淮河以南、龙门山-大凉山以东的亚热带季风气候区域;高度适生区占中国陆地总面积的1.67%,主要形成川渝、湖北-湖南和长三角3个中心。在皱匕果芥的中、高度适生区分布有901个进口粮食加工企业和57个进境粮食指定监管场地。[结论]皱匕果芥的中、高度适生区内存在我国粮棉等作物的重要产区,一旦该杂草大面积发生,将给我国粮棉等作物种植造成非常不利的影响。进口粮食的国际贸易是皱匕果芥入侵中国的主要途径,应当加强对进口粮食接卸、运输、加工等高风险区域和环节的监管力度,并积极实施外来入侵杂草的监测和调查,确保做到早发现、早防除,防止进一步扩散和危害。     

Development of Oryza rufipogon and O. sativa Introgression Lines and Assessment for Yield-related Quantitative Trait Loci

Introgression lines population was effectively used in mapping quantitative trait loci （QTLs）, identifying favorable genes, discovering hidden genetic variation, evaluating the action or interaction of QTLs in multiple conditions and providing the favorable experimental materials for plant breeding and genetic research. In this study, an advanced backcross and consecutive selfing strategy was used to develop introgression lines （ILs）, which derived from an accession of Oryza rufipogon Griff. collected from Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province of China, as the donor, and an elite indica cultivar Teqing （O. sativa L.）, as the recipient. Introgression segments from O. rufipogon were screened using 179 polymorphic simple sequence repeats （SSR） markers in the genome of each IL. Introgressed segments carried by the introgression lines population contained 120 ILs covering the whole O. rufipogon genome. The mean number of homozygous O. rufipogon segments per introgression line was about 3.88. The average length of introgressed segments was approximate 25.5 cM, and about 20.8% of these segments had sizes less than 10 cM. The genome of each IL harbored the chromosomal fragments of O. rufipogon ranging from 0.54% to 23.7%, with an overall average of 5.79%. At each locus, the ratio of substitution of O. rufipogon alleles had a range of 1.67-9.33, with an average of 5.50. A wide range of alterations in morphological and yield-related traits were also found in the introgression lines population. Using single-point analysis, a total of 37 putative QTLs for yield and yield components were detected at two sites with 7%-20% explaining the phenotypic variance. Nineteen QTLs （51.4%） were detected at both sites, and the alleles from O. rufipogon at fifteen loci （40.5%） improved the yield and yield components in the Teqing background. These O. rufipogon-O, sativa introgression lines will serve as genetic materials for identifying and using favorable genes from common wild rice.     

Alterations of RNA Editing for the Mitochondrial ATP9 Gene in a New orf220-type Cytoplasmic Male-sterile Line of Stem Mustard （Brassica juncea var. tumida）

RNA editing for the mitochondrlal ATP9 gene of encoding regions has been observed in both cytoplasmic malesterile and maintainer lines of stem mustard, where its editing capacity varied spatially and temporally in the cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） line. There were four RNA editing sites for the mitochondrial ATP9 gene according to Its normal editing sites in mustard, of which three sites occurred as C-to-U changes and one as a U-to-C change. As a result, the hydrophobicity of deduced ATP9 protein was reduced due to the conversions at its 17th, 45th and 64th positions. Meanwhile, the conservation of deduced ATP9 protein was enhanced by changes at the 56th position. Loss of a specific editing site for ATP9 was observed in juvenile roots, senile roots, senile leaves and floret buds of the CMS line. Comparatively, complete RNA editing for ATP9 gene was retained in juvenile roots, juvenile leaves and floret buds of its maintainer line; however, the loss of a specific editing site for ATP9 gene occurred at senile roots and senile leaves in its maintainer line. These observations allow us to produce a hypothesis that the dysfunction of a specific mitochondrial gene arising from RNA editing could probably be a factor triggering CMS and organ senescence through unknown cross-talk pathways during development.     

利用mRNA差异显示技术分离甜菜M14品系特异表达基因的cDNA片段

二倍体栽培甜菜与白花甜菜杂交、进一步回交而获得的单体附加系M₁₄,其染色体组成中除了含有18条栽培甜菜染色体外,还附加有一条野生白花甜菜第9号染色体,该附加染色体通过母本的传递率为96.5%;单体附加系传递率如此高的原因是因为M₁₄中有无融合生殖基因的存在。本实验采用mRNA差异展示技术对甜菜无融合生殖品系M₁₄和正常有性生殖的二倍体栽培甜菜A_2Y花蕾减数分裂时期的基因表达进行了差异分析。采用GT₁₅A,GT₁₅G,GT₁₅C 3种锚定引物,共筛选了20个随机引物,通过RT-PCR检测,获得了6个阳性差异表达的cDNA片段,应用NCBI的BLASTx软件对测序结果进行同源序列、相似序列检索,为进一步克隆无融合生殖基因提供侯选cDNA片段。     

黄瓜果瘤的遗传及SSR 标记

通过对以荷兰温室无瘤黄瓜(Cucumis sativus )品种Z1和Z3为母本(tutu), 有瘤黄瓜品系东农129为父本(TuTu)的杂交后代F1和F2的统计分析, 结果表明: 在F1代, 2个组合果实都有果瘤, 有果瘤为显性; F2代果实有瘤与无瘤呈现分离, 其比例分别是2.92:1和2.95:1, 表明Tu基因是独立遗传的, 即有瘤(Tu)对无瘤(tu)为显性。为了获得与黄瓜果瘤基因连锁的SSR(simple sequence repeat)标记, 从129×Z3 F2群体中选取有瘤、无瘤单株的DNA各10个, 构建有瘤、无瘤近等基因池。用86对SSR引物在亲本及DNA混合池之间进行筛选, 并对F2群体的75个单株进行验证。筛选得到了5对与果瘤相关的SSR引物, 经MAPMAKER/EXP version 3.0b软件分析, 其中CSWGATT01B、CSWGATT01C、CSCT335和CSWGATT01A四个标记位于同一连锁群上, Tu基因位于这4个标记构建的连锁群中, 具体位置为CSWGATT01C-Tu-CSCT335, 距离两侧标记的遗传距离分别为20.0 cM和14.1 cM。     

利用野生青狗尾草的细胞质培育谷子质核互作雄性不育材料

利用野生青狗尾草N10为母本,谷子农家品种大青秸为父本,进行种间杂交,获得了3株杂种。杂种在农艺性状上表现为谷子和青狗尾草的种间类型,花器表现了雄性败育,但雌蕊发育正常,能接受外来花粉结实。细胞形态学观察表明,其雄性败育表现为单核小孢子典败。该谷子雄性不育材料的获得,为利用野生青狗尾草的细胞质培育谷子质核互作雄性不育系,进而为实现谷子三系配套杂种优势利用奠定了基础。     

蒙药乌力吉-18对大鼠下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴相关激素及受体表达的影响

目的:探讨蒙药乌力吉-18对大鼠下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴相关激素及受体的影响。方法:选取40只健康雌性未孕SD大鼠,随机分为空白组、对照组、乌力吉-18高、低2个剂量组,每组10只。空白组灌胃等体积蒸馏水,对照组灌胃逍遥丸,高、低剂量组分别灌胃2.0 g·kg^-1·d^-1、1.0 g·kg^-1·d^-1乌力吉-18,连续给药31学艺术d。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、促卵泡生成素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E₂)及孕酮(PROG)的含量;免疫组化法检测下丘脑组织促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、垂体组织促性腺激素释放激素受体(GnRHR)的表达;以蛋白免疫印迹技术检测卵巢组织促卵泡生成素受体(FSHR)、黄体生成素受体(LHR)蛋白表达量。以实时荧光定量PCR检测卵巢组织中FSHR、LHR基因表达量。结果:与空白组比较,乌力吉-18低剂量组可明显升高血清LH含量(P<0.05),上调下丘脑组织GnRH、垂体组织GnRHR表达及卵巢组织FSHR、LHR蛋白表达(P<0.05);乌力吉-18高剂量组可显著升高血清FSH、LH、E₂含量(P<0.05),上调下丘脑组织GnRH表达及卵巢组织FSHR表达量(P<0.05),并可显著升高卵巢组织中FSHR、LHR基因表达量(P<0.05);对照组可明显升高血清E₂含量(P<0.05)。结论:蒙药乌力吉-18可明显升高血清FSH、LH及E₂的含量,促进下丘脑组织GnRH、垂体组织GnRHR及卵巢组织中FSHR、LHR的表达,表明乌力吉-18能够对下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴相关激素及受体表达产生影响。     

西那卡塞联合碳酸司维拉姆对血液透析并发继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进患者钙磷代谢、FGF23/Klotho轴和心血管事件的影响

摘要 目的：观察西那卡塞联合碳酸司维拉姆对血液透析并发继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进（SHPT）患者钙磷代谢、成纤维细胞生长因子23（FGF23）/Klotho轴和心血管事件的影响。方法：选取2018年3月-2020年5月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的200例血液透析并发SHPT患者,根据随机数字表法分成观察组（n=100）与对照组（n=100）。对照组患者接受碳酸司维拉姆治疗,观察组患者接受西那卡塞联合碳酸司维拉姆治疗,两组患者均连续治疗3个月。观察两组疗效以及钙磷代谢指标、全段甲状旁腺激素（iPTH）、甲状旁腺体积、FGF23、Klotho水平变化,记录治疗期间发生的心血管事件。结果：观察组的临床总有效率较对照组高（P<0.05）。治疗后两组血钙升高,血磷、钙磷乘积下降（P<0.05）,且观察组治疗后血钙较对照组高,血磷、钙磷乘积较对照组低（P<0.05）。两组治疗后血清iPTH水平下降,甲状旁腺体积缩小,且观察组的变化程度较对照组大（P<0.05）。两组治疗后Klotho水平升高,FGF23水平下降,且观察组的变化程度大于对照组（P<0.05）。观察组的非致死性心血管事件发生率明显低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：西那卡塞联合碳酸司维拉姆治疗血液透析并发SHPT患者疗效显著,可调节钙磷代谢,降低血清iPTH水平,缩小甲状旁腺体积,调节Klotho、FGF23水平,降低非致死性心血管事件发生率。