吗啡和血管紧张素Ⅱ对大鼠脑突触小体Ca~(2 )摄取的拮抗效应

行为实验已多次证明,脑室注射血管紧张素Ⅱ(AⅡ)可以对抗吗啡的镇痛作用,但机制不明。吗啡阻止神经末梢钙摄取被认为是其镇痛的机理之一,因此本工作研究了AⅡ和吗啡对大鼠脑突触小体~(45)Ca摄取的作用及相互关系。结果表明,吗啡(10~(-8)—10~(-6)mol/L)对~(45)Ca摄取有明显的抑制作用,10~(-7)mol/L时抑制41％(P<0.001),该效应可被吗啡受体阻断剂纳洛酮(10~(-6)mol/L)完全翻转。与吗啡的作用相反,AⅡ(10~(-8)—110~(-6)mol/L)可促进突触小体对~(45)Ca的摄取,10~(-7)mol/L时增加75％(P<0.001),该效应可被AⅡ受体阻断剂Saralasin(10~(-6)mol/L)完全翻转。将不同剂量的AⅡ(10~(-8)—10~(-6)mol/L)和10~(-8)mol/L吗啡与突触小体共同孵育,则吗啡抑制~(45)Ca摄取的作用被完全翻转。以上结果表明,AⅡ促进脑突触小体Ca~(2 )摄取,对抗了吗啡抑制Ca~(2 )摄取的作用,可能是AⅡ抗吗啡镇痛的机制之一。     

Immunological Properties of Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Strain Expressing Fusion Protein IL-2-ESAT-6

The live vaccine Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) provides variableefficacy against adult pulmonary tuberculosis (TB).Recombinant BCG,expressing either immunodominantantigens or Th1 cytokines,is a promising strategy for developing a new TB vaccine.However,not much isknown about whether the introduction of cytokine and specific antigen genes concurrently into the BCGstrain could improve the immunogenicity of BCG.In this study,a recombinant BCG strain (rBCG) expressingthe fusion protein human interleukin (IL)-2 and ESAT-6 (early secreted antigenic target-6 kDa) antigen ofMycobacterium tuberculosis was constructed.Six weeks after BALB/c mice (H-2~d) were immunizedwith 10~6 colony forming units (CFUs) BCG or rBCG,splenocyte proliferation was determined with MTT[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay,IL-4 and interferon (IFN)-γproducedby splenocytes were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA,) and the cytotoxicity ofsplenocytes from immunized mice to P815 cells (H-2~d) expressing ESAT-6 protein was measured usingCytoTox 96 Non-Radioactive Cytotoxicity Assay.Compared with native BCG-vaccinated mice,rBCG inducedstronger Th1 responses that were confirmed by high lymphoproliferative responses and IFN-γproductionto culture filtrate protein (CFP) or ESAT-6 protein.Moreover,rBCG induced significant enhanced CTLresponses against P815-ESAT-6 cells.Results from rBCG-immunized mice demonstrated that introducingthe il-2 and esat-6 genes into BCG could enhance Th1 type immune responses to ESAT-6.Further investigationis needed by introducing other Th1 cytokines and antigens into BCG to optimize the protective efficacyagainst TB.     

基于指标自动筛选的新疆开孔河流域生态健康评价

生态健康评价对了解区域生态健康状况和促进区域可持续发展具有重要意义,如何自动筛选出能反映生态系统特性的重要指标,是生态健康定量评估的关键问题。基于压力-状态-响应(PSR,Press-State-Response)框架和生态等级网络框架(EHN,Ecological Hierarchy Network),通过文献调研和因果分析建立要素层与指标层之间的交叉联系,构建了生态健康评价"网状"指标体系;在保证指标体系完备性基础上,通过结合主成分分析和熵权法的候选指标权重的客观计算,基于目标优化理论构建了评价指标的自动筛选模型,并基于中选指标计算了新疆开孔河流域2001—2017年生态健康指数(EHCI,Ecological Health Comprehensive Indexes),分析其空间分异和时间变化特征。结果表明:利用所建立的评价指标自动筛选模型,开孔河流域生态健康评价指标由31个候选指标自动筛选出了17个中选指标,用54.8%的指标表达了85.98%的信息,中选的17个指标在干旱/半干旱区域有关文献中应用较多,使用频次比例都在20%以上,其中归一化植被指数(NDVI,Normalized Difference Vegetation Index)、年降水量和植被覆盖度(FVC,Fractional Vegetation Coverage)3个指标的使用频次百分比均超过了50%,说明指标自动筛选模型的合理性;开孔河流域空间分布差异显著,总体上西北高、东南低,东南部和中部绿洲区外围生态健康状况较差,西北部河谷地带和中部两大绿洲区生态健康状况较好;17年来,流域生态质量整体趋于改善,显著改善区域占10.26%,远高于显著退化的1.61%,显著改善区域以孔雀河绿洲最为明显。开孔河流域生态健康的总体好转趋势说明区域生态综合治理取得一定成效。     

SP(0《p《1)上的Ces(a)ro算子是有界的

对0＜p＜1,记SP为具有HP导数的解析函数空间,即SP={f:f∈H(D),f′∈HP},定义f的SP范数为f P = |f(0)| + ‖f′‖P.本文证明了SP(0＜p＜1)上的Ces(a)ro算子的有界性.     

健康婴幼儿粪便RV携带状况的调查研究

采用ELISA法对J60名6月至4周岁的健康婴幼儿粪便作了A组轮状病毒抗原检测,其中6月至2周岁婴幼儿阳性率为10％,3岁至4周岁儿童阳性率为6.9％,经统计学处理二组无显著差异(P>0.05),总阳性检出率为8.7％。表明A组轮状病毒在健康婴幼儿粪便中可以正常寄生。其年龄范同在6月至4周岁。     

FHL蛋白与肺动脉高压研究进展

FHL(four-and-a-half-LIM domain)是含4(1/2)个LIM结构域富含半胱氨酸的细胞骨架蛋白,LIM是一种在C.elegans线虫的Lin-1和Mec-3基因及大鼠Isl-1基因编码的DNA结合蛋白中分离鉴定出来的基因序列,LIM取三个基因的首字母而成。FHL家族含FHL-1-5五个成员,而FHL-1-3最早发现在心脏的发育过程中起重要作用,后面发现在肺动脉高压中有促进增殖、迁移等作用。本文就FHL家族和肺动脉高压关系作一综述,阐明FHL蛋白在PH进程中的重要作用。     

High levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus colonization on Medicago truncatula reduces plant suitability as a host for pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum)

This study sheds light on a poorly understood area in insect-plant-microbe interactions,focusing on aphid probing and feeding behavior on plants with varying levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungus root colonization.It investigates a commonly occurring interaction of three species:pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum,barrel medic Medicago truncatula,and the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis,examining whether aphid-feeding behavior changes when insects feed on plants at different levels of AM fungus colonization(42% and 84% root length colonized).Aphid probing and feeding behavior was monitored throughout 8 h of recording using the electrical penetration graph(EPG)technique,also,foliar nutrient content and plant growth were measured.Summarizing,aphids took longer to reach their 1st sustained phloem ingestion on the 84% AM plants than on the 42% AM plants or on controls.Less aphids showed phloem ingestion on the 84% AM plants relative to the 42% AM plants.Shoots of the 84% AM plants had higher percent carbon(43.7%)relative to controls(40.5%),and the 84% AM plants had reduced percent nitrogen(5.3%)relative to the 42% AM plants(6%).In conclusion,EPG and foliar nutrient data support the hypothesis that modifications in plant anatomy(e.g.,thicker leaves),and poor food quality(reduced nitrogen)in the 84% AM plants contribute to reduced aphid success in locating phloem and ultimately to differences in phloem sap ingestion.This work suggests that M.truncatula plants benefit from AM symbiosis not only because of increased nutrient uptake but also because of reduced susceptibility to aphids.