幽门螺杆菌STM文库重组质粒的构建

目的:应用信号标签突变技术(Signature tagged mutagenesis,STM)构建幽门螺杆菌突变体文库重组质粒。方法:采用平末端内切酶随机酶切幽门螺杆菌基因组DNA,并回收300～500bp片段(记作Fr),基因重组技术构建重组质粒pID700-Fr,电转化E.coliDH5α筛选阳性克隆,提取重组质粒酶切鉴定。结果:成功构建了1200个幽门螺杆菌STM文库重组质粒。结论:STM技术可用于幽门螺杆菌致病以及耐药相关基因的筛选,为幽门螺杆菌致病及耐药机理的研究奠定了基础。也将为幽门螺杆菌的治疗提供新的药物靶点。     

Now and future of mouse mutagenesis for human disease models

One of the major objectives of the Human Genome Project is to understand the biological function of the gene and genome as well as to develop clinical applications for human diseases. For this purpose, the experimental validations and preclinical trails by using animal models are indispensable. The mouse (Mus musculus) is one of the best animal models because genetics is well established in the mouse and embryonic manipulation technologies are also well developed. Large-scale mouse mutagenesis projects have been conducted to de-velop various mouse models since 1997. Originally, the phenotype-driven mutagenesis with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) has been the major efforts internationally then knockout/conditional mouse projects and gene-driven mutagenesis have been following. At the beginning, simple monogenic traits in the experimental condition have been elucidated. Then, more complex traits with variety of environmental interactions and gene-to-gene interactions (epistasis) have been challenged with mutant mice. In addition, chromosomal substitution swains and collaborative cross strains are also available to elucidate the complex Waits in the mouse. Altogether, mouse models with mutagenesis and various laboratory strains will accelerate the studies of functional genomics in the mouse as well as in human.     

A novel marker for the platyfish （Xiphophorus maculatus） W chromosome is derived from a Polinton transposon

A consensus sequence,encoding a putative DNA polymerase type B derived from a Polinton transposon,was assembled from the sex determination region of Xiphophorus maculatus.This predicted protein,which is 1,158 as in length,contains a DNA_pol_B_2 domain and a DTDS motif.The DNA polymerase type B gene has about 10 copies in the haploid X.maculatus genome with one Y-specific copy.Interestingly,it has specific copies on the W chromosome in the X.maculatus Usumacinta strain (sex determination with female heterogamety),which represent new markers for this type of sex chromosome in platyfish.This marker with W-and Y-specific copies suggests relationship between different types of gonosomes and allows comparing male and female heterogameties in the platyfish.Further molecular analysis of the DNA polymerase type B gene in X.maculatus will shed new light on the evolution of sex chromosomes in platyfish.     

紫外诱变筛选海洋红酵母S8的尿嘧啶缺陷型菌株

本课题组从海南天然海域筛选到一株高产类胡萝卜素的海洋红酵母菌株S8,该菌株对鱼无毒害,并与鱼共生,欲将其应用于盐诱导表达外源蛋白的海洋红酵母工程菌的构建。本研究利用紫外诱变筛选的方法处理S8菌株,通过统计其UV致死率、5-氟乳清酸致死率等筛选S8的尿嘧啶营养缺陷型突变株。研究结果表明,供试菌株通过紫外线诱变、5-氟乳清酸致死和回复突变率的实验筛选,共获得16株稳定的尿嘧啶缺陷型突变株,突变菌株在基本培养基中培养了8d仍不能生长。选择了其中的一株ST5进行了产胡萝卜素能力的测定,结果表明,在同样的培养条件下,野生型S8菌株细胞生物产量可达87.55g/L,类胡萝卜素含量可达520μg/g,突变株ST5的细胞生物产量为85.45g/L,类胡萝卜素含量为512μg/g;ST5的产胡萝卜素能力方面与野生型S8无明显差异。因此,尿嘧啶缺陷型菌株ST5可为下一步海洋红酵母工程菌的构建提供受体菌。     

基因敲除技术现状及应用

功能基因组学的研究进展使基因敲除技术显得尤为重要。基因敲除技术从载体构建到细胞的筛选到动物模型的建立各方面都得到了发展。其中Cre—LoxP系统可以有效的控制打靶的发育阶段和组织类型,实现特定基因在特定时间和（或）空间的功能研究;转座子系统易于操作,所需时间短,具有高通量的特点,可以携带多种抗性标记,方便了同时进行多基因功能研究;基因捕获技术提供了获得基因敲除小鼠的高效方法,方便了进行小鼠基因组文库的研究。此外,进退策略、双置换法、标记和交换法、重组酶介导的盒子交换法也从不同方向发展了基因敲除技术。     

产类细菌素乳酸乳球菌V528的紫外线诱变育种研究

目的获取高产抑制鸡白痢沙门菌生长的类细菌素乳酸乳球菌的突变菌株。方法在紫外线照射致死率为82.7%的剂量下,对处于对数生长后期的乳酸乳球菌V528进行紫外线二次复合诱变处理。分别随机对第一次和第二次复合处理后生长的117株和310株菌进行效价测定分析。结果在实验所用的照射剂量下,抑菌效价提高的正突变菌株占有一定优势,负突变菌株较少,其中突变菌株Lact.174的抑菌效价较V528的效价提高了8.48倍,并具有一定的遗传稳定性。结论运用紫外诱变育种技术可有效地获得高产类细菌素的突变菌株。     

紫外诱变耐糖选育D-核糖高产菌株

以D-核糖产生菌枯草芽胞杆菌B2502为出发菌株,经紫外诱变、耐糖选育,得到1株可在D-核糖浓度达6%的肉汤液体培养基中生长的菌株B2502-2。其D-核糖产量提高37%,菌体生长达到对数期的时间缩短3 h,耐糖性比出发菌株提高了50%。     

莫能菌素高产菌株的诱变与筛选

采用紫外线对现有生产菌株进行诱变处理,再运用筛选剂丙酸、丁酸等对其进行选育,得到高产菌株M-3-01。投入中试车间发酵罐中,发酵效价达到50560×103u.L-1,其发酵能力比出发菌株提高了26%。     

人工诱变技术在植物抗病育种中的应用(综述)

介绍人工诱变技术在植物抗病育种中的主要成就,并探讨其发展方向及前景。人工诱变技术与杂交育种、基因转移及离体筛选等手段相结合,提高了育种效率,拓宽了抗病育种的范围。该技术在植物抗病育种中的成功应用,将有利于培育植物抗病新品种,促进农业的增产增收及可持续发展。     

淀粉酶高产菌株的筛选、紫外诱变及产酶条件优化

【背景】提高淀粉酶的稳定性进而适应多变的工业生产条件,是淀粉酶开发的重要方向。【目的】淀粉酶在食品加工、布料退浆、酿酒制造、养殖等领域都有广泛的应用,但目前生产用的淀粉酶来源单一,在溶液中的稳定性较差,需要扩大淀粉酶来源,增强酶的稳定性,使其进一步适应复杂多变的工业生产环境。【方法】利用选择培养基在三门峡黄河湿地表层土样中筛选得到20株具有淀粉酶活性的菌株,采用杯碟法检测粗酶液的活性并对其中活性最高的3株菌进行鉴定,对其中酶活性最高的菌株运用紫外照射的方式进行诱变并测定致死率,选择突变后酶活最高的菌株,优化培养条件,并测定突变后淀粉酶的活性和作用条件范围。利用3,5-二硝基水杨酸（3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid,DNS）法测定诱变前后酶活并进行活性对比。【结果】在三门峡黄河湿地表层土壤中筛选得到3株淀粉酶活性较高的菌株并编号S03、S08和S17。根据16S rRNA基因序列比对、革兰氏染色形态观察结合生理生化分析显示,菌株S03、S08和S17分别为Aeromonas、Exiguobacterium和Bacillus,其淀粉酶最适NaCl浓度是10%-12%,最适...