地—气间碳通量气候响应的模拟研究Ⅱ.未来气候变化

利用GCM模式模拟的未来气候状况,结合一个简单计算碳通量的模型,对未来地－气间碳交换通量与温度和降水的关系做初步模拟分析。结果显示,在未来气候变暖情况下,要保持陆地生态不成为大气碳源,降水量需要有很大的增加幅度（至少要比GCM模式模拟的结果要高）。在不考虑二氧化碳及氮素的“施肥效应”前提下,得出要使陆地生态系统的碳通量为零,全球平均温度每增加1℃,降水量需要增加7％（约54nm）。     

杉木人工林单叶至冠层光合作用的扩展与模拟研究

根据野外条件下杉木（Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａ ｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａ（Ｌａｍｂ．）Ｈｏｏｋ．）针叶光合作用的测定结果。考虑到光合作用对光的非线性响应特性,及其与叶所处的实际冠层环境变量和冠层的空气动力学特性的相关,以筒化的林冠辐射传输模型为基础,结合不同部位和年龄针叶的光响应曲线,实现了叶室测量结果向冠层环境的调整,并进行了冠层光合作用模拟的初步研究。经过调整后的冠层光合作用平均比未经过调整的值高１     

供水及间甲酚对小麦间作蚕豆土壤微生物多样性和酶活性的影响

通过盆栽试验,探讨供水(田间持水量的45%、60%和75%)和化感物质间甲酚对小麦、蚕豆不同种植模式生长盛期土壤微生物多样性和酶活性的影响.结果表明,随灌水水平的降低,不同处理的土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量随之减少,间甲酚可加剧灌水减少引起的微生物数量的减少;间甲酚对不同处理土壤微生物多样性指数均具有降低作用,提高灌水水平可缓解间甲酚对间作群体土壤微生物多样性的负效应,但间甲酚在75%灌水水平下对单作微生物多样性的负效应最大,45%的供水水平和间甲酚作用下间作可维持更高的土壤微生物多样性.间甲酚对土壤过氧化氢酶的化感作用不显著,对脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性的化感作用显著;3种土壤酶活性随供水水平的降低均显著下降,但供水与间甲酚、种植模式的互作效应对酶活性的影响不显著;间作对土壤过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性具有极显著影响.     

多种媒体在组织学实验教学中的优化组合

为了使抽象、枯燥的组织学课程变得形象、生动,“死”形态变“活”,提高教学质量和教学效果,充分调动学生的学习兴趣,近年来我们应用多种媒体优化组合,在实验教学各个阶段通过实验课程设计、安排进行教学方法改革的探讨。（1）前期——显微电视示教、板书示范、计算机多媒体引导学生观察切片：实验课前期,学生观察切片之前,学生对组织学显微结构的理解限于多媒体、视听教材中经典模式图或典型光镜结构图,一旦学生开始观察自己手中的切片标本仍然感到无从下手。     

用SELDI技术预测吉非替尼治疗肺癌疗效的前瞻性研究报告

目的:介绍SELDL-TOF-MS技术预测吉非替尼治疗肺癌疗效观察,探索新的用药指征.方法:应用CM10弱阳离子芯片结合表面增强飞行时间质谱(SELDL-TOF-MS)技术检测9例晚期肺癌患者口服吉非替尼前血清样本的蛋白质谱,口服吉非替尼1个月后,根据实体瘤近期疗效标准分为服药有效组(CR PR)(4例)和无效组(SD PD)(5例),利用BiomarkerWizard软件比较各组间的血清蛋白质指纹图谱.结果:有效组与无效组相比有4个蛋白质峰有显著差异性,M/Z分别为4889,1576,1762和8693,与无效组相比.有效组上调的峰为2个,其M/Z为1576和1762,下调的峰为2个,其M/Z为4889和8693.结论:SELDI-TOF-MS技术可筛选出预测吉非替尼治疗疗效的相关蛋白质组指纹,此方法捕获的蛋白质组指纹,可作为一种选择用药的新指标.     

中国人胃癌染色体17q21区域基因遗传不稳定性研究

To investigate microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of locus D17S396, D17S579 and D17S855, and their effect on the expression of nm23H1 and BRCA1 of gastric cancer, which would provide experimental basis for clinical treatment and prognosis analysis of gastric cancer. DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded materials. Polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) was used to analyze MSI and LOH. Expression of nm23H, and BRCA1 was detected by Envision immuno-histochemistry and Leica-Qwin computer imaging techniques. In the forty cases of gastric cancer, the frequency of MSI, LOH and nm23H1 protein were 20.00%, 17.50% and 55.00% respectively at locus D17S396, while at locus D17S579, the frequency of MSI, LOH and BRCA1 protein were 22.50%, 15.00% and 37.50% respectively; at locus D17S855, the frequency of MSI, LOH and BRCA1 of thirty-seven cases were 18.92%, 18.92%, 37.84% respectively. In tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging, at locus D17S396, D17S579 and D17S855, MSI in stages I + II appeared more frequently than that in stages III + IV, while LOH appeared the contrary tendency. In the group of metastasis of gastric cancer, MSI had a less frequency (5.00%) than that with no metastasis (35.00%, P < 0.05) at locus D17S396, but LOH appeared more frequently (30.00%) than that with no metastasis (5.00%, P < 0.05). At locus D17S579, MSI had an increasing tendency with the degree of tumor differentiation (50.00% in high differentiation cases, 20.00% in middle differentiation cases, and 0% in low differentiation cases, P < 0.05). The frequency of nm23H1 and BRCA1 protein in stages TNM I + II was higher than that in stages TNM III + IV; and that in higher differentiation cases was higher than in poor differentiation cases. The frequency of nm23H1 protein in the group of metastasis (30.00%) was less than that with no metastasis significantly (80.00%, P<0.01). The frequency of nm23H1 protein in the group positive to MSI (87.50%) was higher than that in the group negative to MSI (46.88%, P < 0.05). However, nm23H1 protein in group positive to LOH (14.29%) was lower than that in the group negative to LOH (63.64%, P < 0.05). The frequency of BRCA1 protein in the group positive to MSI (66.67%) was more than that in the group negative to MSI (29.03%, P < 0.05). The results of experiments indicate that MSI and LOH may separately control the development of sporadic colon cancer with different pathways. MSI may be an early period molecule marker for sporadic colon cancer, enhanced expression of nm23H1 protein can effectively inhibit colon cancer metastasis and improve prognosis of sporadic colon cancer patients. By comparison, LOH mostly arises in the late period of sporadic colon cancer and endows a high aggressive and poor prognostic phenotype. nm23H1 protein could effectively restrain gastric cancer metastasis and development; and BRCA1 protein could restain tumor from becoming lower differentiation.     

生态位理论在张家界市主要旅游景区评价中的应用

选择张家界市5个主要旅游景区作为研究对象、50种影响旅游景区发展的资源状态作为评价指标, 通过指标逐级合并处理, 在3个指标级别(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级)上分析了生态位宽度和生态位重叠. 结果表明: 张家界市旅游景区生态位宽度受指标级别的影响显著(F=10.278, P=0.006), 而采用相对生态位宽度则不受指标级别的影响, 说明在旅游景区开发潜力评价中, 相对生态位宽度比绝对生态位宽度更具合理性; 从Ⅲ级指标到Ⅰ级指标, 旅游景区生态位重叠度值有增大趋势, 表明指标级别的选择会影响旅游景区间实际生态位重叠的评价. 随着评价指标的逐步细化, 当观测到的Pianka指数和采用Monte Carlo模拟的Pianka指数的差值达到显著水平时, 该指标级别可作为评价指标细化的最低标准, 模拟的生态位重叠值可作为旅游景区竞争评价的重要参考.     

90d模拟失重大鼠动脉压力反射反应性的改变

本工作研究了90d模拟失重大鼠动脉压力反射反应性的改变。即以血管活性药物变动平均动脉压(MAP),并同时记录反射性心率(HR)变化,采用非线性曲线拟合方法,定量评价清醒大鼠的动脉压力反射反应性的特征参数的改变。同时还利用受体阻断实验,观察迷走和交感神经成分在压力反射活动中的贡献。结果表明:模拟失重大鼠MAP-HR反应曲线向右上方移位,心率低限坪值升高,血压调节范围变窄,静态工作点升高。当心得安阻断β受体后,悬吊组大鼠压力感受性心率反射的平均增益及心率反应范围均高于对照组,提示模拟失重大鼠反射活动中迷走作用增强。     

微重力环境对大鼠血浆蛋白质谱的影响

目的:探讨模拟失重环境下大鼠血浆蛋白质组变化特征.方法:健康成年雄性 Wistar 大鼠88只,按模拟失重时相随机分为11组,分别为6 h、12 h、1 d、2 d、3 d、5 d、1周、2周、3周、4周及0 h 组(对照组).采用尾悬吊法建立模拟失重动物模型,实验结束时取动物静脉血,利用表面增强激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(SELDI-TOF-MS)技术及 MB-WCX 磁珠检测大鼠静脉血浆蛋白质谱,应用 Ciphergen Protein Chip Software 3.2.0和 Biomarker Wizard 3.1.0软件分析数据.结果:发现18个重力敏感蛋白,其中在模拟失重早期,相对分子质量较小的6个蛋白的表达呈上调趋势,而相对分子质量较大的12个蛋白的表达则逐渐下调;在模拟失重后期(悬尾2~3周后),上述蛋白的表达均呈回归趋势.结论:模拟失重环境对大鼠静脉血浆蛋白质谱产生明显影响,研究重力敏感蛋白对进一步揭示失重对机体的影响及机制具有重要意义,并对医监医保可能有一定的价值.